Quaker Academic Competition I
November 22, 2008
Round 6
Tossups
1. Although not well-known for being a scientist, this man published the medical work A Brief History of Epidemic and Pestilential Diseases in addition to Experiments Respecting Dew. A better known work by this man that was dubbed “Blue-Backed” sold over 100 million copies, and led this man to lobby for a national copyright law. The original 1828 version of his most notable work is still popular with Evangelicals because so many of its entries are connected to Biblical scripture; it took him 27 years, during which he learned parts of over 26 languages. Best known for his Americanization of spelling, for 10 points, name this author of An American Dictionary of the English Language.
ANSWER: Noah Webster
2. As a result of the double-exchange mechanism, Heusler alloys do not exhibit this property. Substances exhibiting this property experience the Barkhausen effect, and the alignment within each domain decreases as the temperature increases towards the Curie point. Due to a property known as hysteresis, these materials tend to stay magnetized after being subjected to an external magnetic field. For 10 points, name this type of magnetism found in materials such as cobalt, nickel, and iron.
ANSWER: ferromagnetism
3. In 1823, this man was spent two days in jail for distributing a pamphlet advocating for the legal use of contraceptives by married women. He was a great friend of Thomas Carlyle, even after his housemaid burned the only manuscript of Carlyle’s book on the French Revolution. His wife Harriet Taylor is credited with co-authoring his 1869 treatise arguing for the legal and intellectual equality of half the population, The Subjection of Women. That book utilizes the philosophy of his mentor, Jeremy Bentham, as did his book Utilitarianism. For 10 points, name this British utilitarian author of On Liberty.
ANSWER: John Stuart Mill
4. The conclusions of this case were later expanded by a decision in which Lewis Powell reluctantly concurred, Argersinger v. Hamlin. Tom C. Clark and John Marshall Harlan delivered the two concurring opinions, while Justice Hugo Black authored this decision which confirmed Powell v. Alabama while rejecting Betts v. Brady. Chief Justice Earl Warren presided over this case, whose decision ultimately led to the acquittal of a man accused of breaking into a Florida pool hall but denied his Sixth Amendment rights. For 10 points, which 1963 decision required states to provide defendants with an attorney if unable to provide their own?
ANSWER: Gideon v. Wainwright
5. The Yukawa interaction is used to describe this as mediated by pions, while its Langrangian predicts that its carriers are subject to it, leading to asymptotic freedom. That phenomenon can be predicted by an SU3 gauge theory, quantum chromodynamics, and this interaction, unlike its counterpart, is mediated by gluons. For 10 points, name this fundamental force holding together atomic nuclei whose relative strength is greater than the weak force.
ANSWER: strong force/interaction [prompt on "nuclear force" or "hadronic force"]
6. Its first movement uses an asymmetrical rhythm partly inspired by The Rite of Spring along with crashing tympani to evoke martial cadences. A theosophical work by Alan Leo helped inspire this work ending in an offstage wordless women’s chorus, which includes parts subtitled “The Magician” and “The Bringer of Jollity”. The fact that its composer did not create an eighth movement was vindicated in 2006 when it was declared that Pluto would no longer be appropriate for inclusion anyway. For 10 poins, name this suite by Gustav Holst, including sections like “Saturn, the Bringer of Old Age” and “Mars, the Bringer of War”?
ANSWER: The Planets Suite
7. The rare "Yellow Tape" record contains some of this band’s early hits, and the bassist's brother was replaced by Tyler Stewart when he went abroad as an exchange student. Their first CD, Gordon, was popular in Canada, but they did not reach the top of the charts in the US until they released “Stunt”, which appropriately spent one week at the top of the Billboard 100. In another song, this band proclaims that the title state would allow them to “buy you a fur coat—but not a real fur coat, that’s cruel.” For ten points, name this rock band that sings “If I Had $1,000,000” and “Pinch Me”, that actually consists of five fully-clothed men.
ANSWER: Barenaked Ladies
8. This author wrote of a historical knight who lost his arm and had it replaced with an iron prosthetic in his drama Gotz von Berlichingen. He used 19th-century ideas about chemical interactions as motif for human relationships in his novel Elective Affinities, and in a more famous work he depicted suicide of the title character because he cannot have Lotte, a novel which helped inaugurate the Sturm und Drang movement. For 10 points, German author of The Sorrows of Young Werther and a two-part Faust.
ANSWER: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
9. One type of them is produced in the Parker-Sochacki method for solving systems of differential equations. A type involving natural logarithms is named for Mercator, and a type that includes terms of negative degree is named for Laurent. One type that uses a function's derivatives to expand it about the point zero is named for MacLaurin and is a special case of the one named for Taylor. For 10 points, name this term that is used to describe an ordered set of terms, such as 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, which is an example of the geometric type.
ANSWER: series [accept Taylor series until “Taylor”]
10. The first ruler of this nation established its independence in the “Fico” speech, and his son put forth the “Golden Law”, which freed this country’s slaves. Under the presidency of Itamar Franco, the “Plano Real” was used to end inflation here in the 1990s, and Getulio Vargas ruled here through World War II. Another president founded an airplane-shaped capital designed by Lucio Costa and Oscar Niemayer, though this nation currently headed by Luiz Lula da Silva was originally founded by its first emperor Pedro I. For 10 points, identify this Portuguese-speaking Latin American country.
ANSWER:Brazil
11. According to one story, it was constructed at Carduel and was given as a gift to Leodegraunce. Its most famous owner received it when he married Leodegraunce’s daughter, and according to the Roman de Brut, it was built after knights fought over a prime location near the king during a Christmas feast. It was designed so no individual was greater than any other, and people who have sat here include Yvaine, Percival, and Galahad. Built by Merlin for Uther Pendragon, this is, for 10 points, what piece of furniture at which Arthur and his knights deliberated on military matters.
ANSWER: Round Table
12. He wrote about a boy who loses his hand and then his life in one work, and one of this man’s poems describes how “Leaf subsides to leaf, so Eden sank to grief.” The narrator of another poem states that from what he’s “tasted of desire” he would choose one of the title methods of destruction in “Fire and Ice”, and he claimed that “One could do worse thanbe a swinger of birches” in a poem titled “Birches”. For 10 points, name this poet of “Out, Out”, “Nothing Gold Can Stay”, “The Gift Outright”, and “The Mending Wall.”
ANSWER: Robert Lee Frost
13. The proteins netrin and slit are involved in their guidance, the latter of which requires the receptor known as robo. When they are cut, a process known as Wallerian degeneration occurs, and the largest of these structures has been studied in giant squid. Their branches are sometimes known as collaterals, and the area where they join the soma or cell body, is known as a namesake hillock. Featuring nodes of Ranvier along their length, these are, for 10 points, what thin tube-like structures that are often covered in myelin, and can conduct action potentials in neurons?
ANSWER: axons
14. This former schoolmate and friend of Emile Zola painted The Overture to Tannhäuser: The Artist's Mother and Sister during his dark period. The influence of Manet can be seen in A Modern Olympia or The Pasha, and that of Poussin is evident in his The Grand Bathers. He may be more famous for a depiction of two men, one with a pipe, at an orange table in The Cardplayers, and an oft-painted subject is featured in his Road to the Mountains. For 10 points, identify this late impressionist who produced many paintings of Mount Saint Victoire.
ANSWER: Paul Cézanne
15. While a first-year Whig congressman, this politician demanded that President Polk live up to his promise identifying where American blood was spilt in Mexico, also known as this man’s “spot resolutions”. In 1854 he delivered his “Peoria Speech,” arguing against the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and four years later he engaged the author of that legislation in a series of debates leading to his loss in the 1858 Illinois Senatorial election. Avenging that loss by being elected the first-ever Republican president was, for 10 points, what man, the first president to be assassinated?
ANSWER: Abraham Lincoln
16. A character in this work with the same name as its author is raised and then married by the title character after the death of his wife. This work goes on after the implied death of the protagonist and his daughter’s becoming empress and follows Niou and Kaoru in its Uji Chapters. The protagonist marries the Lady Aoi at the age of twelve but has an affair with his stepmother Lady Fujitsubo. For 10 points, name this 11th century Japanese work about an amorous prince by Murasaki Shikibu.
ANSWER: The Tale of the Genji [or Genji Monogatari]
17. Some of the most famous men to hold this position include Photius in the 10th century and Michael Cerlularias, who oversaw the East-West Schism. Another holder was the golden-mouthed John Chrysostom, who is recognized as a saint by the Coptic Orthodox Church. Today the holder’s seat is in the Church of St. George in the largest city in Turkey, though that church is a far cry from the old headquarters. For 10 points, identify this ecclesiastical position, held today by Bartholomew I and formerly seated in the Hagia Sophia, the leader of Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
ANSWER: Patriarch of Constantinople [prompt on partial answer]
18. This structure’s foundation was a trench 15 feet wide and 3 feet deep, covered with polygonal slabs. Its namesake was a 4th-century BCE censor surnamed Caecus, meaning “the blind”, and its original goal was Capua, recently captured and now site of surrounding military encampments. It ran southwest from its origin parallel to the sea, allowing quick army access to the coast. Eventually stretching to the port of Brundisium, 366 miles from Rome, was, for 10 points, what “queen of roads”?
ANSWER: Via Appia or Appian Way
19. One person from this country was the first to be put on trial by the International Criminal Court, and its President is a member of the People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy. The eastern portion of this country is the main source of a metallic ore used in cell phones, coltan. In this nation, General Laurent Nkunda is the leader of a rebel force that is operating in Nord-Kivu, whose capital is Goma. Its current leader succeeded his assassinated father in 2001, who himself had succeeded Mobuto Seko Seko. For 10 points, name this African nation led by Joseph Kabila, with capital at Kinshasa.
ANSWER: Democratic Republic of Congo [or DR-Congo; or Congo-Kinshasa; do not accept or prompt on just “Congo”]
20. This author described George Penderovo’s rise after helping promote a sham tonic in the novel Tono Bungay, and he satirized English social striving in The History of Mr. Polly. A better known novel examines the protagonist Prendick’s growing horror at the grotesque experimental vivisection operations conducted at the title location. Another work shows the ill effects of Griffin’s attempt to eliminate his own refractive index. For 10 points, name this British author of The Island of Dr. Moreau, The Invisible Man, and The Time Machine.
ANSWER: H.G. Wells
TIEBREAKER. The only sibling in his large family to receive a formal education, he abandoned that opportunity to become a pupil of Pieter Lastman. Some of his early works include St. Paul in Prison and Supper at Emmaus, while another Biblically-themed painting shows the title character in awe of some Hebrew writing in Belshazzar’s Feast. He depicted a Greek philosopher with a hand resting on the statue of another famous Greek in Aristotle Contemplating a Bust of Homer, though a more famous work features the company of Frans Banning Cocq. For 10 points, name this Dutch painter ofThe Night Watch.
ANSWER: Rembrandtvan Rijn
Round 6 Bonuses
1. Answer the following about some bronze equestrian statues for 10 points each.
[10] An equestrian statue of this Roman emperor and Stoic thinker stood on the Capitoline Hill for centuries and was an important influence on Renaissance artists.
ANSWER: Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus
[10] One of those artists was this man, who created the equestrian Gattamelata for the main square of Padua.He is perhaps better known for his free standing bronze David.
ANSWER: Donatello
[10] This American artist created a bronze equestrian statue of the triumphant General Sherman, which sits at the 59th street entrance to Central Park. He also created the Shaw Memorial in Boston Common, which was mentioned in Charles’ Ives Three Places in New England.
ANSWER: Augustus Saint-Gaudens
2. This guy edited The Overland Monthly which popularized sentimental Western tales in the 1860s and 70s. For 10 points each:
[10] Who is this author of “The Luck of Roaring Camp” and “Plain Language from Truthful James?”
ANSWER: Bret Harte
[10] Harte is probably best known for this story about the title exiles from a frontier town.
ANSWER: “The Outcasts of Poker Flat”
[10] Mr. Oakhurst, who kills himself at the end of “The Outcasts of Poker Flat,” is kicked out of town for taking part in this profession.
ANSWER: gambling [accept obvious equivalents]
3. FDR’s New Deal was well-known for its alphabet agencies. For 10 points each, name the organization based on its description.
[10] This largest of the New Deal agencies was a make-work organization that included the Federal Music, Writers’, and Theater Projects.
ANSWER: Works Progress Administration [do not accept “PWA”]
[10]This organization was designed to prevent another major stock market crash and allows some government regulation of the market.
ANSWER: Securities andExchange Commission
[10] This agency is concerned with the determination of union representation and the prevention of unfair labor practices. It was created in 1935 by an eponymous act.
ANSWER: National Labor Relations Board
4. Identify the following things about the start of World War I for 10 points each.
A. Archduke Franz Ferdinand’s assassination in this city, currently the capital of Bosnia, triggered the war.
ANSWER: Sarajevo
B. He was assassinated by this 19 year old Serbian nationalist, who died of TB in prison four years later.
ANSWER: GavriloPrincip
C. Princip may or may not have been a member of this nationalist group, which attempted to kill the emperor in 1911 and had a member throw a grenade at Franz Ferdinand’s motorcade earlier in the day that he was assassinated.
ANSWER: The Black Hand
5. One member of this kingdom that feeds on dung is able to squirt their spores at speeds of up to 25 meters per second. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this kingdom, members of which include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.
ANSWER: Fungi
[10] Hyphae make up this bulk of a fungus used to absorb nutrients from the environment.
ANSWER: mycelium
[10] The mycelium and the roots of a vascular plant form this symbiotic association. The fungal hyphae can either enter the cells of the root cortex, or surround the cells.
ANSWER: mycorrhizae [my-kuh-RY-zuh]
6. This faith’s followers can be divided into Svetembara and Digambara, or sky-clad and earth-clad. For 10 points each:
[10] What is this faith begun in India known for its extreme adherence to a principle of non-violence with such practices as sweeping one’s path for bugs?
ANSWER: Jainism
[10] This name is given to the principle of the avoidance of harm to living things found in Jainism as well as Hinduism and Buddhism.
ANSWER: ahimsa
[10] The 24th of the Tirthankaras was this guy, the founder of Jainism.
ANSWER: Mahavira
7. This Greek’s work Cyclops is his only fully extant satyr play. For 10 points each:
[10] Who is this Athenian playwright of Hippolytus, Electra, and The Bacchae.