Proposed Table of Contents for Tasaf Ii Environmental

EXECU

Table of Content

LIST OF ACRONYMS

ACKNOWLEGMENT

DEFINITIONS

SYNOPSIS ON TANZANIA

CHAPTER 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1.Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Purpose

1.2 Objectives of the ESMF

1.3Principles and Methodology

CHAPTER 2

2.0DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

2.1Background

2.2Lessons Learned from TASAF I

2.3Project Development Objective

2.4Guiding Principle

2.5Description of TASAF II

2.7Categories of Beneficiaries

2.8Project Location

2.9Institutional Capacity

2.10 Anticipated Sub-projects to be funded

2.11Project Institutional Arrangement and Coordination

CHAPTER 3

3.0OVERVIEW OF POLICIES, LEGISLATION AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

3.1Environmental Policies/Legislation and Institutional Arrangement

3.2EIA Procedure in Tanzania

3.3 World Bank Safeguard Policies

CHAPTER 4

4.0.POTENTIAL IMPACTS

4.1Overall Environmental and Social impacts

4.3Potential Negative Impacts

4.4Impact of Agricultural Chemicals

4.6Localized Negative Impacts

4.7Cumulative Impacts

4.8Strategic Impacts

4.9Other Social and Environmental Degradation Issues

CHAPTER 5

5.0ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS AND PROCEDURES

5.1 Categorization of TASAF subprojects for EA

5.2 Environmental Screening Process

5.3 Assigning appropriate environmental category

5.4Conduct ER, LEA or EIA

5.5 Review and Approval

5.6 Public Consultation and Disclosure

5.7 Monitoring and Evaluation

5. 8 Monitoring Indicators

CHAPTER 6

6.0MAINSTREAMING ESMF IN SUB PROJECT CYLE AND REPORTING MECHANISM

6.1 Implementation of ESMF

6.2Reporting Lines, Advisory and Support Mechanisms

6.3 Roles and responsibilities

6.3.1 Community Level

6.3.2 District Level

6.3.3National Level

6.4Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for TASAF II Program

6.4.1EMP for the ESMF

6.4.2 EMPs for Sub-projects

6.5 Review and Approval of EMPs

CHAPTER 7

7.0TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT

7.1Introduction

7.2Recommended Sensitization, Training and Capacity Building Activities at Different Levels

7.3 Training and Sensitization on Environmental and Social Management

7.4Budget for Mainstreaming, Capacity Building and Training in Environmental and Social Management

CONSULTED LITERATURES:

ANNEX 1: ACCESSIBILITY TO NATURAL RESOURCES AND SERVICES

Annex 2:TYPES F SUB PROJECTS THAT REQUIRE FULLY EIA

Annex 3(a):LIST OF SUB PROJECT THAT MAY/MAY NOT REQUIRE EIA FOR MAINLAND……..

Annex 3(b) ACTIVITIES WHICH DO NOT REQUIRE AN EIA CERTIFICATE – ZANZIBAR

Annex 3CWORLD BANK CATEGORIZATION OF SUB PROJECTS

Annex 4:TASAF II INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT

Annex 4A:INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT AND COORDINATION FOR MAINLAND……….

Annex 4B:INSTITUTION ARRANGEMENT AND COORDINATION FOR ZANZIBAR…….

Annex 5:FLOW CHART FOR EIA PROCEDURE IN TANZANIA

Annex 6:SUMMARY OF WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES

Annex 7:FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO RISKS FOR TASAF II

Annex 8:POTENTIAL POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF TASAF II FUNDED SUB-PROJECTS

Annex 9A:ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING FORMS

Annex 9B:CHECKLIST FOR SUB PROJECT

Annex 9C:ENVIROMENTAL REVIEW (ER) FORM

Annex 9D:LIMITED ENVIROMENTAL ASSESSMENT (LEA) FORM

Annex 10:SAMPLE MATRIX OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)………….

Annex 11:TYPICAL TYPES OF SUB PROJECTS THAT MAY BE FUNDED BY TASAF II………..

LIST OF ACRONYMS

CBO-Community Based Organization

CDD-Community Driven Development

CMO -Community Management Organization

DCDO-District Community Development Officer

DEO-District Environmental Officer

DOEZ-Department of Environment Zanzibar

DoE-Division of Environment

EIA -Environmental Impact Assessment

EIS -Environmental Impact Statement

EMA-Environmental Management Act 2004

ER-Environmental Review

ESA-Environmental and Social Assessment

ESMF-Environmental and Social Management Framework

GDP-Gross Domestic Product

GoT-Government of Tanzania

GoZ -Government of Zanzibar

LGSP -Local Government Support Programme

HBS-Household Budget Survey

IDA-International Development Association

LEA -Limited Environmental Assessment

LGAs-Local Government Authorities

MLHS-Ministry of Land and Human Settlement

MDGs-Millennium Development Goals

MSLSD -Ministry of State, Local Government and Special Department

NFDA-National Food and Drug Authority

NEMC-National Environment Management Council

NGO-Non-Governmental Organizations

NSC-National Steering Committee

NVF- National Village Fund

PADEP-Participatory Agriculture Development and Empowerment Project

PC-Project Coordinator

PO-RALG-President’s Office Regional Administration and Local

PPA-Participatory Poverty Assessment

PPT-Project Preparation Team

PRS-Poverty Reduction Strategy

PRSP-Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper

RAP-Resettlement Action Plan

SSP -Social Support Program

TASAF-Tanzania Social Action Fund

TBS-Tanzania Bureau of Standard

TNA-Training Needs Assessment

TMU -TASAF Management Unit

TOR-Terms of Reference

TOT-Training of Trainers

TPC-TASAF Project Coordinator

TPRI -Tropical Pesticides Research Institute

VDP-Village Development Plan

VPO-DOE -Vice President – Division of Environment

VIC-Veterinary Investigation Center

WB-World Bank

OP-Operational Policy

OM-Operational Manual

WEO-Ward Executive Officer

DED-District Executive Officer

PEDP-Primary Education Development Programme

PPT-Project Preparation Team

RWSS-Rural Water Supply and Sanitation

ACKNOWLEGMENT

This Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is a product of a broad range of stakeholders that were consulted or involved in the process of preparing the final work. The TASAF II Project Preparation Team (PPT) provided overall leadership guidance and facilitation in the preparation of this framework.

This document has been prepared by a team of multi-displinary sector specialists both from mainland and Zanzibar. TASAF Management Unit would like to thank the team for their enormous efforts.

The list of individuals who participated in the preparation of this framework document are Eng. Evans S. B. Ntagwabira of Ministry of Works, Mr. Joseph R. Kombe of National Environment Management Council (NEMC), Mr. Hamad O. Juma of Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment and Cooperatives, Department of Environment Zanzibar, Mrs. Esther Makwaia of Division of Environment Vice President’s Office and Mr. Barnabas F. Jachi of TASAF. Ms. Lilian B. Njau of TASAF provided secretarial services.

Special thanks should also go to various people at District and village levels, who were met during environmental reconnaissance survey conducted in February 2004. Their inputs have been extensively used in the preparation of this ESMF.

Participants of the Stakeholders workshop held on 13th July 2004 at the Tanzania Episcol Conference in Kurasini – Dar es Salaam valuable contribution to this final version of the document.

R. M. Khijjah

Chairperson

TASAF II Preparation Team

DEFINITIONS

Environmental Assessment (EA):The process of managing the environmental aspects of a policy, strategy, program or sub projects from the earliest stages of identifying the potential actions to their completion and evaluations. The process encompasses identification of potential adverse environmental impact, assessments of these impacts and comparison with impacts of alternative approaches; design and implementation measures and plans to avoid, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts; and development of associated management and monitoring measures.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): An environmental assessment instrument to identify and assess major potential environmental impact of proposed sub projects, evaluate alternatives and design appropriate mitigation, management and monitoring measures

Environmental Review (ER): An environmental assessment instrument in which the subprojects is likely to have minimum impacts but should be reviewed with a simple and standardized checklist of possible impacts and appropriate mitigation measures.

Environmental Screening (ES): The process of identifying, as early as possible, the potential adverse environmental impacts of proposed sub projects assigning the environmental category indicating the level of anticipated impact corresponding level of environmental assessment required: and identifying the most relevant EA instrument needed to address the potential impacts and environmental issues associated with sub projects. The screening process will indicate whether environmental assessment is required for each subproject or not, and if it is required, which of the three environmental instruments (ER, LEA or EIA) should be used.

Limited Environmental Assessment (LEA): An instrument to assess whether a subproject is likely to cause environmental impacts that merit consideration by an environmental specialist, and which special measures of mitigation should be incorporated into the design. Detailed checklists, customized for different subprojects types, would normally be used and supplemented on a case-by –case basis, possibly by field visit.

Environmental Management Plan (EMP):An instrument that details (a) the measures to be taken during the implementation and operation of a project to eliminate or offset adverse environmental impacts, or to reduce them to acceptable levels; and (b) the actions needed to implement these measures.

Environmental Monitoring (EM): Monitoring is a systematic measuring and recording of physical, social and economic variables associated with project impacts. The objective of monitoring is to provide information on the characteristics and functioning of the occurrence and magnitude of impacts and whether mitigation measures have been carried out. Thus monitoring is one of the important factors for environmental management within the EIA context.

Environmental Audit (EA):

Environmental Audits involve reassessment of the developed project by looking at the positive and negative impacts. The environmental Audit report will be prepared by the proponent and submitted to competent authorities for evaluation.

Scoping: The process for determining the extent of environmental impact of the impact for the project to be undertaken. In the process extensive consultations with principle stakeholders is mandatory in order to inform them about the proposed activities and solicit their views about it.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Government of the United Republic of Tanzania established the Tanzania Social Action Fund (TASAF) in year 2000 through credit financing from the International Development Agency (IDA) to support poverty stricken communities in Local Government Authorities (LGAs) and Unguja and Pemba. The principle is based on the community-driven initiatives, with TASAF investment fund being managed by the communities themselves.

The implementation of TASAF I has confirmed that community strategies are viable for poverty alleviation in accelerating sustainable economic growth and human development. Social service delivery infrastructures have facilitated access to health, water and education services, of which, by 31st December 2003, over 1,300 poor communities involving an estimated population of about 1.6 million people have been supported and about 1,348 different types of social service delivery infrastructures (sub-projects) completed. Evident implementation challenges from TASAF I which need to be addressed include: inadequate technical capacity and management skills in some districts on project planning, implementation and monitoring of progress in all aspects at community and district levels; insufficient community participation in some of operational areas due to other survival preoccupation activities negatively impacting implementation of sub-projects; operationalisation of sector norms and standards in most of the districts and more incorporation of NGOs and CBOs. Since TASAF I is coming to an end, these challenges will have to be addressed in TASAF II.

The project development objectives of TASAF II will be to ensure that the program supports communities to contribute to Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS) and the meeting selected Millennium Development Goals (MDG) indicator targets through National Village Fund (NVF) and Mfuko wa Kijiji/Shehia. These funds will be managed by communities through Community Management Organizations (CMOs) under the leadership of Village Council Shehia Council/Mtaa. The project will support community interventions in (a) closing the service gaps initiatives, (b) vulnerable groups, (c) safety nets for able-bodied poor, (d) community savings promotion programs, (e) as well as supporting institutional development. Potential beneficiaries will be the shorts of service, need of safety nets, vulnerable groups and savers.

The guiding principle of TASAF II operations will be to strengthen community empowerment through; participatory project management, direct financing, promoting transparency and accountability, building capacities of implementers at all LGAs/Islands and Village/Shehia/Mtaa, supporting poor communities and disadvantaged groups. In addition to that it will be operating in harmony with other ongoing initiatives within the LGAs.

The purpose of this Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is to ensure that environmental and social sustainability of the TASAF II funded sub-projects are achieved through application of safeguard measures on environmental and social issues during project implementation.

ESMF will ensure that both substantive concerns of the World Bank and National Environmental Polices and Laws are satisfactorily addressed. The objectives of this ESMF are:

To establish methodologies for environmental and social impact assessment procedure within the Community-Driven Development (CDD) sub-project cycle;
To assess the potential environmental and social impacts of the TASAF II project, whether positive or negative, and propose mitigation measures which will effectively address these impacts;
To inform the stakeholders of the potential impacts of different anticipated sub projects, and relevant mitigation measures and strategies;
To serve as a tool for project implementers at the National, District, Ward, /Village/Mtaa/Shehia level to identify and mitigate potential environmental and social impacts during all stages of the sub-project cycle thereby avoiding long term negative impacts;
Identify potential environmental policies, legal and institutional framework pertaining to TASAF II.
To highlight Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedure.

In order to meet the above objectives of ESMF, sub-projects funded by TASAF II will follow environmental and social screening process using the National EIA Guidelines and Procedures and the World Bank’s safeguard polices as stipulated in the Operational Manual OP 4.01 and GP 4.01.

The guiding principle for implementation of the sub-projects will be based on CDD Cycle which will involve identification, appraisal, approval, launching, implementation, supervision, monitoring and evaluation, inauguration /commissioning. Therefore mainstreaming ESMF into the sub-project cycle activities will ensure that Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) is taken into consideration.

The ESMF has provided guidance on both main potential positive and negative impacts of potential environmental concerns likely to arise from the various project interventions proposed under the TASAF II. On the same line mitigation measures for negative impacts have also been spelt out in the ESMF.

It is designed that TASAF II project institutional arrangement and coordination as outlined in the document will be operating within the LGAs/Islands in conformity with the decentralized government. In this set-up it is imperative that implementation of sub-projects will need to take cognizance of the existing policies, legislations, and institutional arrangements relevant for environmental and social management in the country for the success of the project.

Capacity building and training in environmental and social management are the key elements in implementing TASAF II project. This need has become evident from experience gained in the implementation of sub-projects in TASAF I with respect to Environmental and Social Management. The training and capacity building will be targeted to District/Island sector experts, ward extension officers, village/shehia extension officers. In so doing, TASAF will contribute to enhance Draft Environmental Management Act of 2004. It is expected that training and capacity building interventions will lead to:

To support communities to mainstream environmental and social issues in their sub-projects.
To ensure that LGAs/Island have the capacity to assist communities in preparing sub-project proposals, to appraise, approve and supervise the implementation of sub-projects; and
To strengthen the capacity of local NGOs and other services providers to provide technical support to communities in environmental and social aspects of the sub-projects.

In the context of inadequate capacity at LGAs/Islands to facilitate communities in undertaking environmental and social assessment, training activities should be undertaken immediately after the effectiveness of the TASAF II project.

SYNOPSIS ON TANZANIA

Baseline Information

Tanzania:

Background

The United Republic of Tanzania is situated in East Africa. It is located on the eastern coast of Africa between parallels about 1o – 12oS and Meridians 30o E-40oE. The Indian Ocean bounds the country on its entire eastern frontier. It is bordered to the north by Kenya and Uganda, to the west by the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda and Burundi, to the south-west by Malawi and Zambia, and to the south by Mozambique and has an estimated total land area of 945,200 km2 with Mainland Tanzania covering an area of 942,800 km2. The Zanzibar islands cover an area of 2,400 km2.

The estimated population of 34.6 million people, with growth rate of 2.9% per annum based on the 2002 Census report[1].

GDP per capita is US $ 257

Economy heavily dependent on the agricultural sector accounting for 45% GDP and source of livelihood for 90% and employment for 80% of the population and accounts for 855 of total exports.

35.7 % of the population falls below the basic needs poverty line that is below US $ 1 per day. .

Life expectancy at birth is 45 years, and the illiteracy rate is at 28.6 % of the total population (can not read and write in any language).

Physical Environment

Climate

Tanzania has a range of physical features, which gives the country almost all the climatic conditions and a great diversity of flora and fauna.

The climatic zones include the coastal climate, sub-tropical, tropical, arid and semi-arid zones, semi-desert, temperate and alpine climates. Tanzania experiences as low as 0o on top of Mount Kilimanjaro (5,950 m) and some districts of Mbeya and Iringa regions, and as high as 37o in the coastal belt with high humidity. Rainfall ranges from 400mm in arid areas to 2,000mm in the highlands.

Socio - Economic Environment

Population and land use

Tanzania’s population is estimated at 34.6 million people, with a growth rate of 2.9 % per annum. About 87 % of the entire population lives in the rural areas and the population distribution is uneven and dispersed.

National Economy

Annual per capita income is US $ 257 and according to the Human Development Index, Tanzania is among the most least developed countries in the world. [2]The economy is heavily dependent on agriculture sector which accounts for 45% of GDP, source of livelihood for 90% of entire population, 81% of labour force (employment) and accounts for 85% of total exports. Manufacturing accounts for 8.3% of GDP while industry, broadly defined, accounts for 17% of GDP (year 2000). Currently high growth sectors are mining (and quarrying) (13.9%) and construction (8.4%) followed by trade, hotels and restaurants as related to tourism (6.5%). However given the small bases from which mining, construction and trade grow (e.g. in 2000, 2.3%, 4.6% and 16.4% of GDP respectively), their impact in the overall GDP performance is not significant. If such growth rates were recorded in agriculture (e.g. instead of 3.4% in 2000) the impact would have been noticeable. There are, however, great potentials for these sectors. The informal sector is also becoming an important source of employment.