Name: ______Final Exam Study Guide

Use notebook paper for additional writing space if needed.

Biomes/Ecology:

1. Explain the location, climate, and typical organisms in each biome: (a) Rain Forest Biomes, (b) Desert Biomes, (c) Grassland Biomes, (d) Temperate Deciduous Biomes, (e) Boreal/Taiga Biomes, and (f) Tundra Biomes

2. Name and describe the 3 aquatic biomes.

3. What is the difference between native and exotic species? Provide at least one example of an exotic species.

4. Explain dispersal, how it happens, and what factors limit it. Then provide an example of one organism that is unable to disperse to a new location, and explain why.

5. (a) Explain how photosynthesis and respiration are related processes? Be sure to include the roles of producers and consumers in the process. (b) Explain how it benefits heterotrophs.

6. Describe the 6 characteristics of all living things, and the 4 needs of all living things. THEN describe the difference between a characteristic and a need.

7. What is a limiting factor? How does it affect the organisms in an ecosystem?

8. Define and describe the four different type of consumers.

Using the Marine food web image on the right, answer the questions below.

9. What is the different between a food chain and a food web.

10. What are the producers in the food web?

11. Which are the first level consumers? What is another name for a first level consumer?

12. Define competition. Which organisms have a competitive relationship?

13. Define predation. Which organisms have a predator-prey relationship?

14. What is one predator adaptation that the killer whale has to help it be a successful predator?

15. Define symbiosis. What are the three types of symbiosis and provide an example of each type?

16. Describe both abiotic and biotic factors, and explain their roles in an ecosystem.

Classification:

17. (a) What are the characteristics of mammals? (b) Define multicellular heterotrophs.

18. Describe the organisms found in the Kingdom Fungi in terms of where they live and/or preferred habitats.

19. What are the first three levels of classification for animals with a backbone? (Domain, Kingdom, and Phylum)

Body Systems:

20. What is the body’s first line of defense against disease? What happens if this gets cut/damaged?

21. What are the organs involved in digestion? What is the main function of the digestive system?

22. What are the organs involved in circulation? What are the main functions of the circulatory (cardiovascular) system?

23. Describe the system interactions between the skeletal and muscular systems. Provide specific examples of how they interact.

24. What are the organs involved in respiration? What are the main functions of the respiratory system?

Cells:

25. What is lactic-acid fermentation? When would it most likely occurs in muscle cells?

26. Define diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, endocytosis, exocytosis, and active transport. Provide an example of diffusion and include an illustration.

27. Define the functions of the following cell parts: (a) cell membrane, (b) cell wall, (c) mitochondria, (d) nucleus, (e) cytoplasm, and (f) chloroplasts. Provide an analogy example for organelle (a), (c), and (d).

Genetics:

28. (a) Define sex cells. Then describe the number of chromosomes each sex cell will contribute to the new offspring. (b) What are the sex chromosomes if the offspring is (1) female, or (2) male?

29. Describe Mendel’s experiments, and what were his findings in the F1 and F2 generations?

30. (a) Describe an organism’s allele combination that is homozygous for a trait, and heterozygous for a trait. (b) What does it mean if an organism is a carrier for a specific trait?

31. Define mutations and genetic disorders.

32. (a) Define genes, and describe how characteristics of organisms are affected by their environments. (b) What are the role of genes in evolution?

33. Describe the differences between relative dating and radioactive dating.

34. (a) Define and describe natural selection. (b) What might be the benefit of overproduction?

35. What are variations?

36. Why do scientists believe that whales once walked on land?

37. (a) What are homologous structures? (b) What does similarities in early embryonic development suggest to scientists?

38. What were Darwin’s discoveries and conclusions about the Finches on the Galapagos Islands?