Antebellum United States an Southern Secession! Name:______
Questions and Summary(30 pts) / Main Idea – The issue of slavery dominated U.S. politics in the 1850s and led to increased sectional tensions between the North and South.Differences Between North and South
- North –
o economy based on manufacturing and ______
o ______construction very common
o ______(growth of cities)
o ______from European countries was common
- South –
o economy based on ______and ______
o ______was the major cash crop
o lack of railroads and industry
o no significant European ______to the South
Slavery in the Territories
- ______– def. – plan to ban slavery from expanding into lands won from Mexico during the Mexican War
o SIG – sparked sectional conflict over ______issue – North vs. South
- ______applied for statehood as a free state
o ______of 1849 led to an explosion in California’s population
o Upset Southerners – demanded that slavery be allowed to expand West
The Compromise of 1850
- Background: ______(aka “The Great Compromiser”) - wanted to avoid conflict between North and South, developed a compromise
- ______- admitted to the Union as a free state
-
- ______and ______territories would use popular sovereignty to decide slavery issue
o ______– def. – the residents of a territory would vote for or against slavery
- New Mexico and Texas border dispute settled in favor of ______, but Texas received debts paid by federal government
- ______in Washington D.C. was abolished
o Very popular in the North, very controversial in the South
- New ______passed in order to return escaped slaves to plantations in the South
o Very popular in the South, very controversial in the ______
Idea – Proslavery factions in the South and antislavery factions in the North disagreed over the treatment of fugitive slaves and the spread of slavery to the territories. This resulted in increased sectionalism between the regions.
Fugitive Slaves and the Underground Railroad
- Northerners angered by the new ______ - part of the Compromise of 1850
o runaway slaves could NOT testify in court and no trial by jury
o Helping an escaped slave resulted in fines and jail time
- ______ – def. – secret network of abolitionists who would help fugitive slaves escape to the North and Canada
o ______ – former slave and “conductor” on the underground railroad
§ Made 19 trips and helped 300 people to freedom
§ Nicknamed “______” of her people for her efforts
- ______ (1852) – antislavery novel
o Written by ______
o Attacked the institution of slavery as evil, became a bestseller in the North
o SIG – increased sectional tensions between North and South
Tensions in Kansas
- ______ (1854) – Stephen Douglas’ plan to organize territories in the West
o ______ - settlers in the territories would vote for or against slavery in both Kansas and Nebraska
o Repealed the ______ – Kansas and Nebraska were both north of the 36 30’ parallel line (slavery had been banned North of that line)
o SIG – sectional tensions exploded – Northerners resented the idea that slavery could expand to lands where slavery had been banned
§ led to the formation of the ______
- “______” – violence erupted as pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers rushed to Kansas and began fighting with each other
o Two rival governments were set up for the Kansas territory
§ Pro-slavery capital = ______
§ Anti-slavery capital = ______
o “______” – pro-slavery men burned and looted an anti-slavery town
o “______” – Five slave owners murdered with broad-swords in Kansas by abolitionist ______
o SIG – Kansas erupted in its own civil war
- “______” – Senator Charles Sumner (Massachusetts) was beaten with a cane by Preston Brooks (South Carolina) in the U.S. Senate
o SIG – sectional tensions increased – North defended Sumner, South cheered Brooks
10.3 Main Idea – In the mid-1850s, the issue of slavery and other factors split political parties and led to the birth of new ones, including the Republican Party.
New Political Parties Emerge
- Background: ______ – collapsed by 1854 due to conflicts over slavery
- ______ (aka American Party) – established 1854
o Members believed in ______ – def. – favoring of native-born Americans over immigrants
o anti-immigrant and ______
- ______ – established 1854 in reaction to Kansas Nebraska Act
o Opposed to the ______into western territories
o Supported by many people in the ______as a result of “Bleeding Kansas”
10.4 Main Idea – A series of controversial events heightened the sectional conflict that brought the nation to the brink of civil war.
Slavery Dominates Politics
- President ______ - elected in 1856
o Weak and indecisive at dealing with the slavery issue
o Typical of______presidential leadership in the 1850s
- Dred Scott v. Sandford (aka ______) (1857)
o Background: Dred Scott – African American slave from Missouri who sued for his freedom because his master had moved him to the free state of Illinois
o Roger B. Taney (Chief Justice) - ruled that
§ African Americans ______
§ ______line was unconstitutional because it violated property rights
o SIG – decision hated by ______and cheered by ______= sectionalism
- ______(1858)
o Dealt with slavery in the western territories as part of their senate race in 1858
o SIG - Douglas won the senate race, but Lincoln became known throughout the North as a possible presidential candidate in 1860
- ______’s Raid on ______ (1859)
o John Brown – abolitionist who wanted to lead a ______in the South
o ______– federal armory and arsenal in Virginia
§ Brown’s goal was to capture weapons for slaves and lead revolt
o John Brown was captured and ______for treason
o SIG – sectionalism between North and South exploded
§ In the ______, John Brown was viewed as an evil murderer
§ In the North, some people viewed Brown as a heroic ______, others agreed with his views but thought that he was too radical in his actions
Lincoln is Elected President
- ______ – revealed sectionalism between the North and South
o Candidates
§ ______ (Republican)
§ Stephen Douglas (______Democrat)
§ John C. Breckenridge (______Democrat)
§ John Bell (Constitutional Union Party)
o Lincoln won electoral college but only won 39% of popular vote
§ He won all ______states
§ He won no ______states
o SIG – ______was upset at Lincoln’s election – led directly to secession crisis
Southern Secession
- ______(1860-1861)
o ______– seceded from the Union as a result of Lincoln’s election
o Followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas
- ______(CSA) – Confederacy created by southern states that seceded from the Union
o Emphasized ______
o Devoted to the protection of ______
o ______= president of the CSA
- President ______did nothing in response = ineffective leader
Complete the MAP on the next page:
Label all of the states
Color the North and the South different colors
List the states below that were apart of the Union and the Confederacy:
UNION CONFEDERACY
Summary: