Ldlt ) ( H 7 #) Pdfn Sf Cflbjf;L Hghflt, Dw ;L
ldlt @)^( h]7 #) Pdfn]sf cflbjf;L hghflt, dw];L,
d'l:ndnufotsf c;Gt'i6 g]tfx?n] kf6L{sf] :yfoL ;ldltdf
k|:t't u/]sf] dt
jt{dfg kl/l:yltsf ;DjGwdf xfd|f] dt
!= ljifo k|j]z
5 bzs nfdf] hg ;+3if{ Pjd\ )^@÷)^# ;fnsf] zflGtk"0f{ hgqmflGtsf dfWodaf6 b]zdf;‹Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . clxn] b]z ;fdGtjfbjf6 k"FhLjfbtkm{, PsfTds /fHojf6;+3fTds /fHotkm{ ;+qmd0f ul//x]sf] 5 eg] ;+ljwfg;efsf] k|yd j}7sn] b]zdf u0ftGq ;+:yfutul/;s]sf] 5 . o; o'ufGtsf/L kl/jt{gsf] P]ltxfl;s df]8df xfdLn] kf6L{sf] cf7f} /fli6«o dxflwj]zgcfof]hgf u/L kf6L{sf] gofF sfo{lbzf, gLlt / l;4fGtx¿ cufl8 ;f/]sf lyof}+ . o; dxflwj]zgn]hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfbn] cl3 ;f/]sf] /fHo k|0ffnLnfO{ PsfTdsaf6 ;ª\3Lo k|f¿kdf 9fNg'sf ;fy}k/Dk/fut nf]stGqsf] ;§f ;dfj]zL nf]stGq / ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] k|0ffnLnfO{ klg hgtfsf]ax'bnLo hgjfbsf] cleGg c+u agfPsf] lyof] . rfn' hgqmflGtsf tLg d'Vo pknAwLx¿ M ;‹Lotf,nf]stflGqs u0ftGq / wd{ lg/k]IftfnfO{ ;+:yfut ub}{ hgqmflGtnfO{ k"0f{tfdf nfg' kb{5 / o;Joj:yfnfO{ ;dfhjfbtkm{ pGd'v u/fpg' kb{5 eGg] s'/fdf xfd|f] lg/Gt/ k|lta4tf lyof] . To;sf] nflud'n'ssf] ;fdflhs–cfly{s ¿kfGt/0f ;lxt /fHosf] ;du| k'g;{+/rgf x'g' kb{5 eGg] xfd|f] b'li6sf]0f /xLcfPsf] 5 . t/ d'n's zflGtk"0f{ hgqmflGtsf] P]ltxfl;s ;+qmd0fsf] clGtd r/0fdf k|j]z u/]sf] jvtxfd|f] kf6L{n] cf7f}+ dxflwj]zg / s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf k6s k6ssf lg0f{ox¿ ljk/Lt /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfsf];Gb{edf pN6f] lbzf kqmg k'Uof] . xfd|f] kf6L{n] cf7f}+ dxflwj]zgsf ;xL lg0f{ox¿ / ;+ljwfg;eflgjf{rg 3f]if0ffkqdf hgtf ;fd' ul/Psf k|lta4tfx¿sf] cfwf/df gofF ;+ljwfgsf cGt/j:t'x¿sf]7f]; k|:tfj cufl8 g;f/]sf] dfq xf]Og, To;sf] 7Ls ljk/Lt c8fg /fVg k'Uof] . kf6L{sf] o:tf] gLltn];+ljwfg;efsf] dfWodjf6 gofF ;+ljwfg hf/L ug]{ xfd|f] af/Daf/sf] k|lta4tfnfO{ lg/y{s jgfPsf] dfq5}g, g]kfnL hgtfsf] 5 bzs nfdf] ;+3if{jf6 k|fKt ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ g} lj36g u/fPsf] 5 .b]zdf /fhgLlts ;xdtLsf] cfwf/df ;+ljwfg;efsf] dfWodjf6 ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqnfO{;+:yfut ug{' clxn]sf] xfd|f] d'Vo sfo{ef/ xf] . t/ kf6L{ o; lbzfdf guO{ k|fKt pknAwLx¿nfO{;+:yfut ug{'sf] ;6\6f ;+ljwfg;ef lj36g eP xf];\ eGg] 9+un] u}/ lhDd]jf/ ¿kdf k|:t't ePsf] ;+s]tk|fKt ePsf]n] kf6L{ pkfWoIf sd/]8 czf]ss'df/ /fO{n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb ;lsg' % lbg cufj} @)^(h]7 ( ut] 1fkg kq a'emfpg' ePsf] lyof], h;df lgDg s'/fx¿ :ki6 ¿kdf pNn]v u/]sf] 5 –
æ===xfd|f] kf6L{n] ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv lnFb} cfPsf] ;f+:s[lts, hftLo, eflifs, P]ltxfl;s lg/Gt/tf tyfef}uf]lns ;Da4tfsf] cfwf/df k|b]zx¿sf] /rgf ug]{ gLlt ljk/Lt ef}uf]lnstfsf] cfwf/dfklxrfgljlxg k|b]zx¿ agfpg] unt gLltsf] kIfkf]if0f u/]sf sf/0f /fhgLlts ;xdtL agfpg afwseO/x]sf] dx;'; ul//x]sf] 5' . xfd|f] kf6L{sf] o:tf] gLltn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] dfWodaf6 ;+ljwfg hf/L ug]{
xfd|f] k|lta4tfnfO{ lg/y{s agfpg] dfq xf]Og ls ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ g} lj36gsf] lbzfdf n}hfg] lglZrt5 .Æ To;/L g} pQm kqdf æ==== g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !#* pkwf/f -s_ df ædw];Lhgtf nufot cflbjf;L hghflt, pTkLl8t If]q / cGo If]qsf hgtfsf] :jfoQ k|b]zsf] rfxgfnfO{:jLsf/ u/L g]kfn ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds /fHo x'g] 5Æ eGg] :ki6 Joj:yf 5 . o;}sf]
cfwf/df ;+ljwfg;ef /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf tyf /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 ;ldltn] hftLo klxrfg ;lxtsf]!$ k|b]z / /fHo k'g;{+/rgf pRr:t/Lo ;'emfj cfof]un] klg ;f]xL ;}4flGts cfwf/df !! j6f k|b]z;lxtsf] cfˆgf] k|ltj]bg a'emfPsf] s'/f ljlbt} 5 . t/ oL ;a} s'/fnfO{ a]jf:tf u/L xfd|f] kf6L{n] slxn]^, slxn] *, slxn] !@, slxn] !! eGb} cfkF}mn] ljutdf u/]sf] lg0f{o ljk/Ltsf] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 ./fHosf ;a} c+ux¿df ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL k|ltlglwTjsf] gLlt lng], cNk;+Vos hghfltx¿sf]clwsf/ / pGgltnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ ljz]if :jfoQ If]q / ;+/lIft If]q agfpg], ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zLlgjf{rg k|0ffnL ckgfpg], cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ lbg] cflb ;Gbe{df klg kf6L{n] ;sf/fTds gLlt lng;s]sf] 5}g . To;}n] b]zsf pTkLl8t ;d'bfox¿ clxn] g]skf -Pdfn]_ g} ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] afws /x]sf]dx;'; ul//x]sf 5g\ . o;n] ;lbof}+b]lv hftLo, eflifs, ;f+:s[lts, /fhg}lts, cfly{s pTkL8gdf k/]sfcflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL nufotsf pTkLl8t ;d'bfo / If]qx¿sf] klxrfg / clwsf/ ;lxtsf] ;+3Lozf;g k|0ffnLsf] cfjZostf / cfsf+IffnfO{ nTofPsf] 5 . o;nfO{ d}n] pTkLl8t ;d'bfodfly ePsf]uDeL/ if8oGqsf] ¿kdf lnPsf] 5' . t;y{ xfd|f] kf6L{n] lnPsf] o; gLltn] b]z, hgtf / kf6L{nfO{ u+eL/;+s6df kfg]{ lgrf]8df k'u]sf] 5' . g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf] o:tf] gLlt / lg0f{o tyf ultljlwx¿k|lt u+eL/c;xdtL k|s6 ub{} cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, blnt, d'l:nd, cNk;+Vos hflt÷;d'bfo, dlxnfnufotsf pTkLl8t ;d'bfo lj/f]wL gLlt tyf lg0f{ox¿ cljnDa ;Rofpg cg'/f]w ub{5' . /fHok'g;{+/rgfsf] ;jfndf /fHo k'g;{+/rgf tyf /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 ;ldlt / /fHo k'g;{+/rgfpRr:t/Lo cfof]un] cufl8 ;f/]sf] l;4fGt, dfGotf / dfkb08nfO{ k|b]z lgdf{0fsf] cfwf/ dfgLtf]lsPsf] ;doleq ;+ljwfg hf/L ug{ kf6L{leq / aflx/ ;fy{s kxn ul/of];\Æ eGg] s'/f :ki6 ¿kdfpNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .rf/jif{ nfdf] ;do / c/af}+ ¿k}ofF vr{ u/]/ klg gofF ;+ljwfg 3f]if0ff gu/L ;+ljwfg;ef e+uePsf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;efdfkm{t k"0f{ ;dfj]zL ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ g]kfnLhgtfsf] ^@ jif{ nfdf] ;kgf dfly ah|kft ePsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL hgtf ddf{xt ePsf
5g\ . ^)! hgf ;ef;b\ /x]sf] ;+ljwfg;efsf ;ef;b\x¿nfO{ bnx¿åf/f ;+ljwfg n]vgsf ;Gbe{df:jljj]s k|of]u ug{ / e"ldsf v]Ng glbO{ kf6L{ lgb]{zgsf] aGbL agfOPsf] s'/f klg Tolts} cfnf]Ro x'gk'u]sf] 5 . clxn] d'n's u+eL/ ;+s6df 5, lbzflaxLg ag]sf] 5 / cFWof/f] o'utkm{ cufl8 a9\g] ;+efjgfklg Tolts} k|an ag]sf] 5 . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf u/]/ PsfTds /fHoaf6 ;+3fTds /fHodf k|j]z ug]{,k/Dk/fut nf]stGqaf6 ;dfj]zL nf]stGqdf k|j]z ug]{, hflt, efiff, wd{, ;+:s[lt, ln+u, If]q, j0f{sfcfwf/df pTkL8gdf k/]sf hgtfx¿sf] ;dfgftfsf clwsf/ tyf klxrfg k|fKt ug]{ rfxgfdf ;d]tcfh s'7f/f3ft ePsf] 5 . ;+ljwfg hf/L eP kl5 ;a}sf cfsf+Iffx¿sf] ;+af]wg eO{ d'n'sdf zflGt,cdgr}g sfod x'g] / cfly{s pGgltsf nflu cg's"n jftfj/0f tof/ x'g] ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx¿sf] ljZjf;klg etfe'Ë x'g k'u]sf] 5 . o:tf] kl/l:ylt lgdf{0f x'gdf /fHo k'g;{+/rgf ;DaGwL g]=s=kf= -Pdfn]_sfk"j{ dfGotfx¿ zLif{ g]tfx¿sf] ;+nUgtfdf kf6L{leqs} Pp6f tKsfaf6 pN6fpg] k|oTg x'g' / ;dfj]zL;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf k|Zgx¿df kZrudg ug'{ cflb sf/0fx¿n] g]=s=kf -Pdfn]_ klg o:tf]kl/l:ylt lgdf{0f ug{ lhDd]jf/ ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . t;y{ xfdLn] o:tf unt sfdsfjf{xL / dfGotfnfO{;RofOof];\ eg]/ kf6L{sf k"j{ lg0f{o, gLlt / k|lta4tfx¿ :d/0f u/fpFb} lgDg cg';f/ /fo k|:t't u/]sf5f}+ .
@= kf6L{sf k"j{ lg0f{ox¿M
/fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfsf] af/]df g]=s=kf= -Pdfn]_n] nfdf] ;do;Dd cg]s sfo{bnx¿ lgdf{0f u/]/lgsfn]sf lgrf]8x¿, ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg 3f]if0ffkqdfk{mt ul/Psf ;fj{hlgs k|lta4tfx¿, cf7f}+/fli6«o dxflwj]zgsf lg0f{ox¿, g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] Joj:yf, /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf tyf/fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 ;ldlt / /fHo k'g;{+/rgf pRr:t/Lo ;'emfj cfof]un] lgsfn]sf lgisif{x¿nfO{;Gbe{sf nflu ;+If]kdf oxfF k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 M
s_ @)^# >fj0f @)–efb| @ ut] ;DkGg ;ftf}+ s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] !@ cf}+ a}7såf/f kfl/t /fHosf]k'g;{+/rgf ;DaGwL g]skf -Pdfn]_sf] cjwf/0ff kqdf– æg]kfnL ;dfhdf ljBdfg juL{o, n}lª\us,hftLo, eflifs, ;f+:s[lts, ;fd'bflos / If]qLo lje]b / åGåsf] ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfg u/L ;dtfd"ns;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug]{Æ -k[i7–!^_ elgPsf] 5 . o;} cjwf/0ff kqdf – æg]kfnL ;dfhsf] ;fdflhsljz]iftf / ljlzi6tfsf cfwf/df hgcfGbf]ngsf qmddf JoQm efjgf / kl5 k/]sf÷kfl/Psf ;d'bfosf]cfsfª\Iff ;d]tsf lx;fan] g]kfn /fHosf] rl/q ;ª\3fTdstfdf cfwfl/t x'g] / zf;g k|0ffnL s]Gb|,k|b]z / :yfgLo lgsfosf] aLrdf clwsf/ / st{Josf] :ki6 afF8kmfF8 ul/Psf] :jzf;gsf] 9fFrfdfcfwfl/t x'g]5 . o; cGtu{t g]kfn hftLo, eflifs, ;f+:s[lts / k|fb]lzs :jfoQtfdf cfwfl/t cv08,
cljefHo / ;fj{ef}d;Qf;DkGg /fHo /fi6«sf ?kdf /xg] 5Æ -k[i7 !&_ elgPsf] 5 .To;/L g} æ;+3fTdstfdf cfwfl/t gofF /fhgLlts / k|zf;lgs OsfO{sf] ljefhg ubf{ ef}uf]lnscj:yf, hg;+Vof / hfltut a;f]af;sf] cj:yf, dft[efiff / efiff k|of]usf] cj:yf, ;f+:s[lts;lDdngsf] cj:yf, k|zf;lgs ;'udtf, cfly{s ;fdflhs cGt/;DaGw, ;fwg;|f]tsf] pknAwtf /P]ltxfl;stf h:tf kIfnfO{ cfwf/ agfOg]5 . pko{'Qm gLlt cg'¿k /fhgLlts / k|zf;lgs If]qsf]ljefhg ubf{ hftLo ;d'bfosf] ;3g a;f]af;, eflifs ;3gtf / ljlzi6 ;f+:s[lts If]qx¿nfO{;s];Dd Pp6} /fhgLlts / k|zf;lgs OsfO{df cfa4 ug]{ gLlt cjnDag ul/g]5Æ -k[i7–!&_ egL
pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o; k|sf/ cjwf/0ff kqn] klxrfg / ;fdYo{nfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ;+3sf OsfO{x¿lgdf{0f ubf{ Pp6f hflt, efiff jf ;f+:s[lts If]qnfO{ Ps} k|b]zdf /flvg] jf g6'qmfOg] ;d]tsf] :ki6wf/0ff cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 . cjwf/0ff kqn] cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf ;DaGwdf æcflbaf;L hghfltx¿nfO{cfˆgf] /fhgLlts clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{ tyf cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts ljsf; ug{ ;Sg] u/L
cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ x'g]5Æ -k[i7–@!_ eg]/ k|i6 kf/]sf] 5 . o;k|sf/ g]=s=kf=-Pdfn]_ sf] cjwf/0ffkqsf s]xL dxTjk"0f{ c+zx¿sf] p4/0faf6 k|i6 x'G5 ls kf6L{n] gLltut / ;}4flGts ¿kdf /fHok'g;{+/rgfsf] ;jfndf cfwf/e"t ¿kn] ;xL lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .
v_ To;} u/L pQm ;ftf}+ s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] !@cf}+ a}7ssf] lg0f{o sfof{Gjog ug{ kf6L{n] efb| &,@)^# df hf/L u/]sf] cGt/kf6L{ lgb]{zg !^ df æg]kfnsf] gofF nf]stflGqs /fHosf] :j¿k / ;+/rgfk|fb]lzs ;ª\3fTdstfdf cfwfl/t x'g'kb{5 . g]kfnnfO{ ca hftLo, eflifs, ;f+:s[lts / k|fb]lzs:jfoQtfdf cfwfl/t cv08, cljefHo, :jtGq / ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg /fHo /fi6«sf] ¿kdf ljsf; ul/g]
5Æ egL k|i6 lgb]{lzt ul/Psf] 5 .
u_ …;d;fdlos ;Gb{edf g]=s=kf=-Pdfn]_ sf] b[li6sf]0f’gfds efb| @), @)^# df k|sflztkf6L{ b:tfj]hdf ;d]t pk/f]Qm gLltx¿nfO{ g} k'gM k'li6 ub}{ æg]kfnsf] 7f]; jf:tljstfdf v8f eP/x]bf{ g]kfnsf tfgfzfxL zf;sx¿n] l;h{gf u/]sf lje]bx¿nfO{ ;dfKt kfg{ b]zsf] klZrdL If]qnfO{If]qLo :j;fzg lbg'kb{5, t/fO{sf tLg eflifs If]q -d}lynL, ef]hk'/L / cjwL_ x¿nfO{ eflifs cfwf/df
If]qLo :jzf;g lbg'kb{5 . ;a} cGo kxf8af;L hflt jf hghfltx¿nfO{ hftLo :jzf;g lbg] gLltlng'kb{5Æ egL pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . æTo;}u/L k'g;{+/rgf ubf{ s]Gb|, If]qLo eflifs jf hftLo k|b]zx¿tyf :jrl/qsf lhNnfx¿, gu/ / ufpFx¿sf ¿kdf b]zsf] /fhgLlts k|zf;lgs 9fFrfsf] ljsf;ug'{kb{5 . To;f] ubf{ xfnsf] ljsf; If]q / c~rnsf] 9fFrfnfO{ cGTo ul/g'kb{5 . b]zsf] ef}uf]lns,
;fdflhs, hftLo, cfly{s / ;f+:s[lts ljljwtf cg'¿k ;+3fTds If]q jf k|b]z /fHox¿sf] ;+/rgfljsf; ul/g'kb{5Æ -k[i7–@&,_ eg]/ cem} k|i6 ul/Psf] 5 .
3_ pk/f]Qm gLltx¿nfO{ ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg -r}q @*,@)^$_ g]skf -Pdfn]_sf] 3f]if0ff kqdf;d]t k'gM k'li6 ub}{ g]kfnL hgtf ;dIf ;fj{hlgs k|lta4tf hfx]/ ul/Psf] 5 . To; 3f]if0ff kqdfwd{sf] ;Gbe{df æg]kfn wd{ lg/k]If /fHo /xg]5 . k|To]s gful/snfO{ cf–cfˆgf] cj:yf cg'¿ksf] wd{dfGg]÷gdfGg] :jtGqtf x'g]5 . ;dfhdf wfld{s ;lxi0f'tf / ;fDk|bflos ;b\efj sfod ug'{ /fHo /gful/ssf] bfloTj x'g]5Æ -k[i7–!#_ eg]/ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .efiff gLltsf ;DaGwdf 3f]if0ff kqdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 æg]kfnsf ;a} dft[efiffnfO{ /fli6«o efiffsf]dfGotf /xg] 5 . ;Dks{ efiffsf] ¿kdf g]kfnL efiff ;lxt ax'efiff gLltnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g] 5 . k|b]z
/ :yfgLo txdf g]kfnL efiffsf cltl/Qm s'g efiffnfO{ ;Dks{ efiffsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug]{ eGg] clwsf/ ;DalGwt txsf] ;+;b / hgk|ltlglwd"ns lgsfodf /xg] 5 . gful/snfO{ Gofofno / ;/sf/Lsfof{nodf cfˆgf] dft[efiffdf s'/f /fVg] xs ;'/lIft ul/g] 5 .Æ -k[i7–!#, !$_3f]if0ff kqdf cflbaf;L hghfltsf] clwsf/sf af/]df– æcfbLaf;L–hghfltx¿nfO{ cfˆgf]/fhgLlts clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{, cfly{s, ;fdflhs Pj+ ;f+:s[lts ljsf; ug{ ;Sg] u/Lcflbaf;Lx¿sf] clwsf/;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;ª\3sf] 3f]if0ff tyf cGt/fli6«o >d ;ª\u7gsf] cle;lGw–!^( cg';f/sf] cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ x'g]5 . nf]kf]Gd'v / ;LdfGts[t ;'dbfosf] efiff, ;+:s[lt /
k/Dk/fsf] ;+/If0f ug'{ /fHosf] bfloTj x'g]5 .Æ -k[i7–!&_ eg]/ :ki6 k|lta4tf hfx]/ ul/Psf] 5 .To;/L g} t/fOaf;L dw];Lx¿sf clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdf –æg]kfnsf] ;dy/ e"ld t/fO{df a:g] ;a}dw];L, hghflt, blnt, d'l:nd ljleGg hfthflt tyf cGo cNk;+Vos t/fO{jf;L ;d'bfosf] hgtfnfO{cfˆgf] efiff, ;+:s[ltsf] /Iff Pj+ ljsf;sf] clwsf/ x'g]5 . ;fwg ;|f]tx¿sf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0f tyf
pkof]u / ;+3Lo zf;g cGtu{t :jzf;gsf] clwsf/ x'g]5Æ -k[i7–!&_ eg]/ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .3f]if0ff kqdf ;+3Lo ;+/rgf / zf;g k|0ffnL af/]df o; k|sf/ k|lta4tf hfx]/ ul/Psf] 5–æ====d'n'sdf hftLo, eflifs, ;f+:s[lts / ef}uf]lns ljlzi6tfsf cfwf/df ;+3Lo ;+/rgfsf] ljsf;ul/g] 5 . o:tf] ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ubf{ hfltut ;3gtf, eflifs Ps¿ktf, ;f+:s[lts ljz]iftf, P]ltxfl;s/ ljlzi6 ef}uf]lns If]qnfO{ ;s];Dd Pp6} OsfO{df cfa4 ug]{ gLlt cjnDag ul/g]5 .======To:tf;ª\3Lo OsfO{x¿sf] gfdfs/0f pgLx¿sf] hftLo, eflifs, ;f+:s[lts, P]ltxfl;s klxrfg v'Ng] lx;fan]ul/g] 5 . tL ;ª\3Lo tyf :yfgLo OsfO{x¿ ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax'wfld{s / ax';f+:s[lts x'g]5g\ .;+3Lo OsfO{x¿ cfkF}mdf :jfoQ / kl/eflift ;Ldfleq cffTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/n] ;DkGg x'g]5g\ .Æ-k[i7–@)_s] oL k|lta4tfx¿ g]=s=kf=-Pdfn]_ n] ef]6 dfUgsf nflu dfq u/]sf] xf] < s] lgjf{rg ;DkGgePkl5 logLx¿k|lt kf6L{sf] s'g} hjfkmb]xL jf lhDd]jf/L x'b}g < cfh g]kfnL hgtfn] oL k|Zgx¿ u+eL/¿kdf p7fO/x]sf 5g\ / kf6L{sf] hjfkm ;s/fTds x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .
ª_ o;}u/L kf6L{sf] cf7f}+ /fli6«o dxflwj]zg -%–!$, kmfu'g, @)^%_ åf/f kfl/t /fhgLltsk|ltj]bgdf– æg]kfnL ;dfhsf] ;fdflhs ljz]iftf / ljlzi6tfsf cfwf/df hgcfGbf]ngsf qmddf JoQmefjgf / kl5 k/]sf÷kfl/Psf ;d'bfosf] cfsfª\Iff ;d]tsf lx;fan] g]kfn /fHosf] rl/q;ª\3fTdstfdf cfwfl/t x'g] / zf;g k|0ffnL s]Gb|, k|b]z / :yfgLo lgsfosf] aLrdf clwsf/ / st{Josf] :ki6 afF8kmfF8 ul/Psf] :jzf;gsf] 9fFrfdf cfwfl/t x'g]5 . o; cGtu{t g]kfn hftLo,eflifs, ;f+:s[lts / k|fb]lzs :jfoQtfdf cfwfl/t cv08 g]kfn /xg] 5 .Æ -k[i7 !!$_ eGg] s'/f kfl/tul/Psf] 5 .
/fhgLlts / k|zf;lgs OsfO{sf] ljefhg ;DaGwdf– æ;+ª\3fTdstfdf cfwfl/t gofF /fhgLlts / k|zf;lgs OsfO{sf] ljefhg ubf{ ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt, hg;+Vof / hfltut a;f]af;sf] cj:yf, dft[efiff/ efiffsf] k|of]usf] cj:yf, ;f+:s[lts ;lDdngsf] cj:yf, k|zf;lgs ;'udtf, cfly{s, ;fdflhscGt/;DaGw, ;fwg;|f]tsf] pknAwtf / P]ltxfl;stf h:tf kIfnfO{ cfwf/ agfOg] 5 . pko{'Qm gLltcg'¿k /fhgLlts / k|zf;lgs If]qsf] ljefhg ubf{ hftLo ;d'bfosf] ;3g a;f]af;, eflifs ;3gtf/ ljlzi6 ;f+:s[lts If]qx¿nfO{ ;s];Dd Pp6} /fhgLlts / k|zf;lgs OsfO{df cfa4 ug]{ gLltcjnDag ul/g]5Æ -k[i7 !!%_ egL ljutdf ul/Psf lg0f{ox¿nfO{ dxflwj]zgåf/f k'gM k'li6 ul/Psf] 5. o;/L k'g;{+/rgf ubf{–æ;+3fTdstfdf cfwfl/t zf;gsf] 9fFrf tLg txsf] x'g]5 . oBlk k|b]zsf] ;+Vofsd ePsf] cj:yfdf eg] txut 9fFrf a9fpg' kg]{ x'g;S5Æ -k[i7 !!%_ eg]/ k|ltj]bgdf elgPsf] 5 .
k|ltj]bgdf efiff gLlt af/]df– ……g]kfndf af]lng] ;a} dft[efiffx¿ /fi6«efiff x'g] 5g\ .g]kfnLnufot ljleGg efiffnfO{ ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiff agfpg] gLlt cjnDag ul/g] 5 . x/]sg]kfnL gful/snfO{ cfˆgf] dft[efiff k|of]uåf/f cfˆgf ljrf/x¿ cleJoQm ug{ kfpg], cfˆgf] dft[efiffsf]pTyfgsf nflu ;+:yfx¿sf] lgdf{0f ug{ kfpg] / dft[efiffsf] ljsf;sf nflu /fHoaf6 ;xof]u k|fKt ug]{xs k|fKt x'G5 .’’-k[i7 !!!_ egL pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf ;DaGwdf –æcflbjf;L hghfltx¿nfO{ cfˆgf] /fhgLlts clwsf/
;'lglZrt ug{ tyf cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts ljsf; ug{ ;Sg] u/L cflbaf;Lx¿sf] clwsf/;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;ª\3sf] 3f]if0ff tyf cGt/fli6«o >d ;ª\u7gsf] cle;lGw–!^( cg';f/sf]cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ x'g]5 Æ -k[i7 !!(_ egL pNn]v ePsf] 5 . o;k|sf/ kf6L{n] dxflwj]zg eGbfcufl8 u/]sf lg0f{ox¿nfO{ dxflwj]zgn] ;d]t kfl/t u/]/ :yflkt u/]sf] tYo klg 5n{Ë} 5 .
r_ pk/f]Qm gLltx¿nfO{ k|b]z -;+3Lo OsfO{_ /rgf ubf{ 7f]; vfsf s]–s:tf] agfpg] eGg];DaGwdf klg kf6L{n] cg]s sfo{bnx¿ agfPsf] s'/f :d/0f ug{ h?/L 5 . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf tyf/fHo zlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 ;ldltåf/f kf6L{sf] k|:tfljt vfsf dfu]sf] ;Gbe{df ;+;bLo bnaf6 lgdf{0ful/Psf] sfo{bnn] cfˆgf] k|ltj]bg kf6L{ :yfoL sld6Ldf k|:t't u/L ;f] k|ltj]bgnfO{ kf6L{ :yfoL ;ldltn] 5nkmn u/]/ lbPsf] ;'emfjx¿ ;d]t ;dfj]z u/]/ k|b]zsf] vfsf tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .k|ltj]bgsf cg';f/– :yfoL sld6Ln] lbPsf] ;'emfjsf cfwf/df æ;fgf–7"nf u/L PstL; j6fkl/dfh{gx¿ ul/Psf 5g\ .Æ o;k|sf/ sfo{bnåf/f k|:tfljt !# k|b]znfO{ :yfoL ;ldltsf] ;'emfj kl5!% k|b]z agfOof] / o;}nfO{ kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 /fHo k'g;{+/rgf ;DaGwL 5nkmnsf] nflu k|f/lDes k|:tfjsf] ¿kdf kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{non] ;+ljwfg;efsf] /fHo k'g;+{/rgf tyf /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8;ldltdf k7fPsf] lyof] . To; k|:tfjdf lnDa'jfg, ls/ft, ;'gsf]zL, tfD;flnª, g]jfM, u08sL, td'jfg,du/ft, s0ff{nL, vKt8, lj/f6, ldlynf, ef]hk'/f, n'lDagL / y?x6 gfdsf !% ;+3Lo k|b]zx¿ / /fHok'g;{+/rgf ;DaGwL cfwf/x¿ to u/L gSzf;lxt k|:tfj ul/Psf] lyof] .
h'g o; k|sf/ 5 M
sfo{bnåf/f k|:t't !# j6f k|b]z xf];\ jf :yfoL sld6Lsf] ;'emfj ;dfj]z u/L k|:t't ul/Psf]
!% k|b]z b'a}sf] gfdfs/0f Psn hftLo klxrfg, efiff, ;+:s[lt, P]ltxfl;stf tyf If]qLotfsf cfwf/df
ul/Psf] 5 h'g kf6L{sf gLlt / lg0f{ox¿ cg'¿k 5 / To;s} cfwf/df lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 .
sfo{bnn] /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfsf nflu lgDg cfwf/x¿ k|:t't u/]sf] 5 M–
klxrfgsf cfwf/x¿ M
hftLo÷;d'bfo
Efflifs
;f+:s[lts
Ef}uf]lns If]qut lg/Gt/tf
P]ltxfl;s lg/Gt/tf cflb
;fdYo{sf cfwf/x¿df
cfly{s cGt/;DaGw / ;fdYo{
8
k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] cj:yf / ;Defjgf
k|fs[lts ;fwg / >f]tsf] pknAwtf
k|zf;lgs ;'udtf
klxrfg / ;fdYo{sf oL cfwf/x¿ klg kf6L{sf gLlt cg'¿k /x]sf] s'/fdf s'g} b'O{dt x'g] 7fpF
5}g . kf6L{sf] cf7f}+ dxflwj]zg / ;ftf}+ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] afx«f}+ a}7ssf] lg0f{o tyf ;+ljwfg;efsf]
lgjf{rg 3f]if0ffkqsf] k|lta4tf cg'¿k pQm sfo{bnn] ;+3Lo k|b]zsf lgdf{0fsf cfwf/ tyf klxrfg /
;fdYo{ ;lxtsf] !% k|b]zsf] vfsf k|:tfljt u/]sf] xf] . o;sf ;fy}
sfo{bnn] cNk;+Vos cflbaf;L hghfltx¿sf] klxrfg / :jzf;gsf] clwsf/nfO{ :yflkt ug{
ljz]if ;+/rgfsf] k|:tfj ;d]t u/]sf] 5 . o; cGt/ut :jfoQ If]q, ;+/lIft If]q / ljz]if If]q
/xg] k|:tfj /x]sf] 5 .
k|ltj]bgdf sfo{bnn] 7"nf ;fgf !)–!@ j6f a}7s a;L zLif{ g]tfx¿ ;d]tsf] ;xeflutfdf
ljleGg ljifolj1x¿;Fu 5nkmn u/]/ y'k|} /fo ;'emfjx¿ ;d]t ;+sng u/L k|b]zsf] ;+Vof /
gfdfs/0f k|:tfj u/]sf] pNn]lvt 5 .
dfly pNn]v ePsf] ljj/0faf6 of] k|:tfj kf6L{df 5nkmn g} geO{ k|:t't ePsf] eGg] s'/f :jt
vl08t x'g hfG5 . o;nfO{ yk s'g sld6Ldf 5nkmn ug'{ kYof]{, kf6L{sf] s'g lgsfon] kfl/t u/]kl5
dfq of] k|:tfj ækf6L{sf]Æ x'g hfGYof] eGg]s'/f oltsf aif{;Dd lsg p7fOPg / ha ;+ljwfg;efdf /fHo
k'g;{+/rgfsf] ;Gbe{df lg0ff{os ¿kdf k|:t't x'g' kg]{ clGtd If0f cfof] ta ;+Vof / gfdf+sgdf kf6L{sf
gLlt / k"j{ lg0f{o ljk/Lt :j]R5frf/L / ckf/bzL{ 9+un] lagf cfwf/ k|:tfjx¿ k|:t't ug'{nfO{
if8oGqd"ns ultljlw lsg geGg] <
dflysf ;/f]sf/x¿sf ;fy} ;+3Lotfsf] ;jfndf kf6L{leqsf dw]zL g]tf sfo{stf{x¿n] lbPsf]
;Nnfx / ;'emfjnfO{ zLif{ g]t[Tjn] s'g} klg xfntdf :jLsf/ gug]{ /j}of ckgfof] . nf]stflGqs dw]zL
;+u7g -nf]d;_n] @)^^ cfiff9 !@–!# ut] s]Gb|Lo lj:tfl/t j}7s af]nfO{ t/fO{ dw]zdf gf/fo0fL gbL
k"j{ / klZrd u/L b'O{ k|b]zsf] cjwf/0ff Nofof] / o; cjwf/0ffnfO{ kl5 /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf tyf
/fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 ;ldlt tyf /fHo k'g;{+/rgf pRr:t/Lo ;'emfj cfof]un] klg cfTd;ft u¥of] .
t/ ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb Ps b'O{ xKtf dfq afFsL x'Fbf kf6L{sf] zLif{ g]t[Tjtxaf6 t/fO{ dw]zdf b'O{
k|b]zsf] nf]d;sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ ;d]t ljv08gsf/Lsf] laNnf le8fOof] . o;/L g]skf -Pdfn]_ ;+3Lotf
lj/f]wL / dw]z lj/f]wL ePsf] s'/f k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 . kf6L{ g]t[Tjn] u/]sf] of] / o:t} uDeL/ uNtLsf]
sf/0fn] klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+3Lotf / ;+3Lotf ;lxtsf] ;+ljwfg gagfO{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] cj;fg klg
ePsf] 5 . o; tYonfO{ kf6L{ g]t[Tjn] cfTd;ft ub}{ ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf cfTdfnf]rgf ug]{ ls gug]{ <
pNn]lvt tYox¿n] xfdL ;b}j kf6L{sf gLlt / lg0f{ox¿sf] kIfdf pe]sf] k|i6 kfb{5 .
9
-5_ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/f !#* pkwf/f -s_ df ædw];L hgtf nufot
cflbaf;L hghflt, pTkLl8t If]q / cGo If]qsf hgtfsf] :jfoQ k|b]zsf] rxfgfnfO{ :jLsf/ u/L g]kfn
;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds /fHo x'g]5 .Æ eGg] :ki6 Joj:yf 5 h'g xfd|f] kf6L{ nufot bnx¿sf]
;xdtLd} u/LPsf] Joj:yf xf] .
-h_ ;+ljwfg;efsf] /fHo k'g;{+/rgf tyf /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 ;ldltn] @ aif{ ;Dd 5nkmn
u/]/ k|:t't u/]sf] k|ltj]bgn] æ;+3Lo OsfO{ lgdf{0fsf ;Gbe{df k|d'v k|ltlglwd'ns klxrfg / ;fdYo{sf
¿kdf lgDg s'/fx¿nfO{ lng ;lsG5Æ eg]/ pNN]v u/]sf] 5 . To;n] k|d'v cfwf/sf] ¿kdf klxrfg /
bf]>f] cfwf/sf] ¿kdf ;fdYo{nfO{ lnPsf] 5 .
To;n] klxrfgsf kfFr j6f cfwf/ lgDgfg';f/ to u/]sf] 5 M–
!_ hftLo÷;d'bfout
@_ eflifs
#_ ;f+:s[lts
$_ ef}uf]lns÷If]qut lg/Gt/tf
%_ P]ltxfl;s lg/Gt/tf
o;} u/L ;fdYo{sf lgDgcg';f/sf cfwf/x¿ to u/]sf] 5 M–
!_ cfly{s cGt/;DaGw / ;fdYo{
@_ k"jf{wf/ lasf;sf] cj:yf / ;Defjgf
#_ k|fs[lts ;fwg >f]tsf] pknAwtf
$_ k|zf;lgs ;'udtf
;ldltn] klxrfg / ;fdYo{sf cfwf/df k|b]zsf] ;+Vof / ;Ldfgf lgwf{/0f ubf{ lgDg s'/fx¿df
laz]if Wofg lbg'kg]{ pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .
!_ ef}uf]lns lg/Gt/tf / hfltut ;3gtfsf If]qx¿nfO{ ldn];Dd Ps} 7fpFdf /fVg] .
@_ eflifs ;3gtfsf If]qx¿nfO{ Ps} 7fpFdf /fVg] .
#_ ;f+:s[lts ;3gtfsf If]qx¿nfO{ Ps} 7fpFdf /fVg] .
$_ If]qLo pTkL8gnfO{ Vofn u/L If]q lgwf{/0f ug{] .
%_ P]ltxfl;s tyf ;fd'bflos ljz]iftfdf hf]8 lbg] .
10
pk/f]Qm cfwf/df ;ldltaf6 gfdfÍg / ;LdfÍg ul/Psf !$ k|b]z – lnDa'jfg, ls/fFt, z]kf{,
;'gsf]zL, tfD;flnª, g]jfM, gf/fo0fL, td'jfg, du/ft, s0ff{nL, vKt8, h8fg, ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–
dw]z / n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfgsf] k|:tfj cufl8 ;fl/Psf] lyof], h'g o; k|sf/ 5 M
of] k|:tfjdf klg Psn hftLo klxrfg, efiff, ;+:s[lt, P]ltxfl;stf / ef}uf]lns cfwf/x¿df
gfdfs/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
o; k|ltj]bgn] cNk;+Vos tyf nf]kf]Gd'v cflbaf;L hghfltx¿nfO{ ljz]if ;+/rgfsf] Joj:yf
u/L pgLx¿sf] klxrfg / :jzf;gsf] clwsf/ :yflkt ug{ :jfoQ If]q, ;+/lIft If]q / ljz]if If]qsf]
k|:tfj u/]sf] 5 . o;n] blntx¿sf] xsdf Ifltk"lt{ ;lxtsf] cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf ;d]t u/]sf] 5 .
k|ltj]bgn] nlIft hfltnfO{ b'O{ sfo{sfnsf nflu k|d'vsf] ¿kdf cu|flwsf/÷;sf/fTds lje]bsf]
Joj:yf klg u/]sf] 5 .
-em_ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !#* -@_ cg';f/ /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf ug{sf]
nflu ;'emfj lbg Ps pRr:t/Lo cfof]usf] u7g x'g' k¥Yof] / To;n] lbPsf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ cfwf/ agfO{
/fHo k'g;{+/rgf tyf /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 ;ldltn] k|:tfj tof/ ug'{ kg]{ lyof] . t/ g]kfnL sfFu|];n]
cfof]u agfpg clgR5f dfq b]vfPg, ag]sf] cfof]udf cfˆgf] tk{maf6 k|ltlglw ;d]t gk7fPsf]n] Tof]
11
cfof]u :jtM lj36g x'g k'Uof] . o;/L Ps jif{;Dd klg ;f] cfof]u gag]kl5 ;+ljwfg;efsf] /fHo
k'g;{+/rgf tyf /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 ;ldlt cfk}mFn] ;f] sfd ;DkGg u¥of] . t/ ;ldltn] k|ltj]bg
lbO;s]kl5 To;nfO{ pN6fpg] lgotn] g]kfnL sfFu|]; / g]skf -Pdfn]_ n] pRr:t/Lo cfof]u u7g ug{
dfu u¥of] . cGttM ;a} bnx¿ ;xdt eO{ @)^* ;fndf /fHo k'g;+{/rgf ;'emfj pRr:t/Lo cfof]usf]
u7g eof] . To;n] lbPsf] k|ltj]bgdf b; ef}uf]lns / Ps u}/ef}uf]lns blnt k|b]z ;d]t P3f/ k|b]zsf]
k|:tfj ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm cfof]un] klg k|b]zx¿sf] gfdfÍg ubf{ Psn hftLo klxrfg, efiff,
;+:s[lt, P]ltxfl;stf / ef}uf]lns cfwf/nfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 h'g o;k|sf/ 5M lnDa'jfg, ls/fFt,
tfD;flnª, g]jfM, gf/fo0fL, td'jfg, du/ft, s0ff{nL–vKt8, dw]z–ldlynf–ef]hk'/f / dw]z–cjw–
yf?jfg .
t/ pk/f]Qm ;a} ;Gbe{df gfdfÍgdf kf6L{sf lg0f{ox¿ / ;ldlt tyf cfof]usf lg0f{ox¿n]
u|x0f u/]sf] cfwf/ Pp6} x'FbfxF'b} klg o;nfO{ pN6fpg ljleGg s'gfaf6 ljljw k|:tfj / /fox¿ k|:t't
x'g yfn] . ;ldlt / cfof]usf k|ltj]bgx¿nfO{ unt 9+un] hftLo /fHosf] k|:tfj eg]/ abgfd ug{
yflnof] . b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtn] kfl/t k|:tfjnfO{ ljjfbf:kb eGb} ;ldlt / cfof]udf cNkdtdf /x]sf] ^
k|b]zsf] k|:tfjnfO{ sfof{Gjogdf nfg] k|oTg ul/of] . o:tf] k|oTg g]skf -Pdfn]_sf] g]t[Tjtxaf6 ;d]t
x'g' cfZro{hgs dfq xf]Og v]bhgs klg lyof] .
jf:tjdf eGg] xf] eg] ;+ljwfg;efsf] /fHo k'g;{+/rgf tyf /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 ;ldlt tyf
/fHo k'g;{+/rgf pRr:t/Lo ;'emfj cfof]un] ;d]t g]skf Pdfn]sf] sfo{bnn] ;+ljwfg;efdf a'emfPsf]
k|f/lDes ;'emfj k|ltj]bgdf cfwfl/t eO{ ;'emfj k|ltj]bg tof/ kf/]sf] b]lvG5 . t/ o;nfO{ kf6L{sf
s]xL g]tfx¿af6 xfd|f] kf6L{sf] gLlt / lg0f{o cg'¿k /x]sf] egL oz lng'eGbf To;nfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf]
wf/0ff cg'¿k egL k~5fpg] sfd eof] . kmn:j¿k kl5Nnf] ;dodf kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] cfsl:ds
a}7s cfof]hgf u/L kf6L{sf klxn]sf lg0f{ox¿ eGbf km/s k|:tfj kfl/t ug]{ k|oTg eof] eg] :yfoL
12
sld6Ln] ljleGg k|:tfj cufl8 ;f/]/ cGof}n v8f u¥of] . slxn] ;+;bLo bndf ^ k|b]zsf] kIfdf ef]6
xfNg lgb]{zg lbOof] eg] slxn] * k|b]zsf] s'/f NofOof] . slxn] !@ k|b]zsf] k|:tfj ul/of] eg] slxn]
gfd / ;LdflaxLg !! k|b]zsf] ;xdtL ul/of] . ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;dofjlw ;Fu;Fu} ;+ljwfg hf/L ug]{
;+efjgf klg ;Lldt x'b} uO/x]sf] a]nfdf o:tf y/L y/Lsf k|:tfj cl3 ;f/]/ emg cGof}n yKg' lgZro
g} ;sf/fTds s'/f x'g ;Sb}gYof] . o; k|sf/sf cGof}n / clgZronfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} ;a} kf6L{sf
g]t[TjnfO{ bfafj lbg' cfjZos 7fgL cflbaf;L hghflt ;ef;b ;ef -ss;_ sf] kxn / cu'jfOdf
;+ljwfg;efsf cflbaf;L hghflt, dw];L, d'l:nd tyf blntnufotsf #@) hgf ;ef;bx¿n]
lgDglnlvt $ j6f dfux¿ /fv]/ ;+ljwfg;ef, ljjfb ;dfwfg pk;ldltsf ;+of]hsnfO{ 1fkgkq lbP
M–
!_ ldlt @)^( h]7 @ ut] tLg /fhg}lts bnx¿ aLr ePsf] gfdf+sg / ;Ldf+sg lagfsf] !!
k|b]z lgdf{0f ;xdtLsf] ;DaGwdf /fHo k'g;{+/rgf tyf /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 ;ldltsf] cjwf/0ff
k|ltj]bg / /fHo k'g;{+/rgf ;'emfj cfof]usf] ax'dtsf] l;¢fGt, dfGotf / dfkb08nfO{ g} ;+3Lo
;+/rgf lgdf{0f / ;Ldf+sgsf] cfwf/ dflgof];\ ;fy} gfdf+sgdf Psn hftLo klxrfgsf] cfwf/df h:t} M
lnDa"jfg, ls/fFt, z]kf{, tfD;flnË, g]jfM, td'jfg, du/ft, y?x6÷yf?jfg, h8fg / dw]; -ef]hk'/f,
ldlynf, sf]lrnf_ nufotsf gfdx¿ Gffdf+sg ul/of];\ .
@_ cflbaf;L, hghflt, dw];L, blnt, dlxnf, d'l:nd nufotsf pTkLl8t ;d'bfonfO{ /fHosf]
;a} cË / txdf ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL k|ltlglwTjsf] clwsf/nfO ;'lglZrt ul/of];\ .
#_ /fHo k'g;{+/rgf ubf{ ;a} cNk;+Vos cflbaf;L hghfltx¿sf] k"Vof}{nL yftynf] tyf
pgLx¿sf] a;f]af;sf] cfwf/df :jfoQ If]q / ;+/lIft If]qx¿sf] clgjfo{ lgdf{0f ul/of];\ .
$_ pTkLl8t ;d'bfosf] cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/, :jfoQ zf;g, cu|flwsf/ / :jtGq, k"j{
;';'lrt dGh'/Lsf] clwsf/ (Free, prior informed consent) nufotsf] clwsf/nfO{ df}lns
clwsf/sf] ¿kdf ;'lglZrt ul/of];\ .
;+ljwfg;efsf ax'dt ;b:ox¿n] x:tfIf/ u/L 1fkgkq a'emfO;s]sf] ;Gbe{df xfd|f] kf6L{n]
pk/f]Qm dfux¿sf] ;DaGwdf ;sf/fTds ;f]r /fv]/ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu 5nkmn ug]{ / ;dfwfg vf]Hg]
tkm{ Wofg lbg'sf] ;§f 1fkgkqdf x:tfIf/ ug]{ Pdfn] ;ef;bx¿nfO{ dfcf]jfbL;Fu ;fF7ufF7 u/]sf] eg]/
abgfd ug]{, sf/jfxLsf] k|rf/ ug]{ / 3'dfp/f] Joxf]/fsf] sa'lnotgfdfdf x:tfIf/ u/fpg] sfd ;'?
u¥of] . Tolt dfq xf]Og, kf6L{df Gofo lg¿k0f ug]{ / t6:y e"ldsfdf /xg' kg]{ cg'zf;g cfof]usf]
tk{maf6 sf/jfO{sf] wDsL ;lxt k|]; lj1lKt hf/L ul/of] . @)^( h]7 !# ut] laxfg cfof]lht ;+;bLo
bnsf] a}7sdf ;d]t cljZjf;sf] k|:tfjsf] ck|f;flËs ljifodf ;ef;bx¿sf] x:tfIf/ ;+sng ug]{
k|of; x'g' / cf}lrTo k'li6 ug{ g;sL bndf ;f] k|of; c;kmn ePkl5 klg :yfoL ;ldltsf] lg0f{osf
gfddf ckf/bzL{ 9+un] x:tfIf/ ;+sng ug]{ sfo{ h]7 !$ ut];Dd hf/L /fVg' cToGt} ;Gb]xf:kb /x]sf]
5 . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf ;xdtL vf]Hg ;Dk"0f{ ¿kn] s]lGb|t x'g' kg]{ clGtd a]nfdf klg o;/L x:tfIf/
;+sng ul/g'nfO{ sbflk lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ sfo{ dfGg ;lsFb}g . o;k|sf/ ;fj{ef}d hgtfsf k|ltlglw
;ef;bx¿nfO{ cfˆgf] If]q, ;d"x, ;d'bfosf] rfxgf tyf lxt ljk/Lt dtbfg ug{ afWo u/fpg] kf6L{sf]
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tl/sf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf ;DaGwdf slQsf] ;xL x'g ;StYof] eGg] klg u+eL/ 5nkmnsf] ljifo aGg