Cell Organelles
A. Cell Theory
1. …………………………………………………………………………………………...
2. …………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………….à………………à……………….à…………………..à………………
3. …………………………………………………………………………………………...
B. Microscopes -………………………………………………………………………………….
(Micro=small; scope=to see)
1. Compound Light Microscope
a. ……………………………………………………………………………………
b. ……………………………………………………………………………………
2. Electron Microscope
a. ……………………………………………………………………………………
b. ……………………………………………………………………………………
c. ……………………………………………………………………………………
3. Stereoscope
a. ……………………………………………………………………………………
Remember: Total magnification = …………………………………………………….
C. Types of Cells
1. Prokaryotic cells (primitive, simpler):
a. ……………………………………………………………………………………
b. ……………………………………………………………………………………
c. ……………………………………………………………………………………
d. Kingdoms: ………………………………………………………………………
e. Structure:
1. Cell wall: …………………………………………………………………
2. Capsule: ……………………………………………………………..……
3. Flagella: …………………………………………………….……………
4. Plasma membrane: ………………………………………… .………….
…………………………………………………………………
5. Cytoplasm: ………………………………………………………………
6. Ribosomes: …………………………………………………..…………..
7. Nucleoid region: …………………………………………………………
8. Plasmid: ……………………………………………………..……………
9. Pili: …………………………………………………………..…………..
10. Drawing:
2. Eukaryotic cells (larger, more complex):
a. Examples: ………………………………………………………………………..
b. ……………………………………………………………………………………
c. ……………………………………………………………………………………
D. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles
1. Plasma (cell) Membrane:
a. ……………………………………………………………………………………
b. ……………………………………………………………………………………
c. ……………………………………………………………………………………
2. Cell Wall:
a. ……………………………………………………………………………………
b. ……………………………………………………………………………………
c. ……………………………………………………………………………………
d. Found in : …………………………………………………………………………
3. Nucleus:
a. ……………………………………………………………………………………
b. ……………………………………………………………………………………
i. ………………………………………………………………………………
ii. …………………………………………………………………………….
c. Found in: …………………………………………………………………………
4. Nucleolus:
a. …………………………………………………………………………………
b. ……………………………………………………………………………………
c. Found in: …………………………………………………………………………
5. Cytoplasm:
a. ……………………………………………………………………………………
b. Found in: …………………………………………………………………………
6. Ribosomes:
a. ……………………………………………………………………………………
b. ……………………………………………………………………………………
c. ……………………………………………………………………………………
d. Found in: …………………………………………………………………………
7. ER (endoplasmic reticulum):
a. ……………………………………………………………………………………
i. Rough ER—………………………………………………………………
ii. Smooth ER—………………………………………………………………
b. Found in: …………………………………………………………………………
8. Golgi Apparatus (complex):
a. ……………………………………………………………………………………
b. ……………………………………………………………………………………
c. ……………………………………………………………………………………
d. ……………………………………………………………………………………
e. Found in: …………………………………………………………………………
9. Mitochondria
a. ……………………………………………………………………………………
b. ……………………………………………………………………………………
c. Cristae — ……………………………………………………………………..…
d. Found in: …………………………………………………………………………
10. Vacuole:
a. ……………………………………………………………………………………
b. ……………………………………………………………………………………
c. Found in: …………………………………………………………………………
11. Lysosome:
a. ……………………………………………………………………………………
b. Found in: …………………………………………………………………………
12. Chloroplast:
a. ……………………………………………………………………………………
b. ……………………………………………………………………………………
c. ……………………………………………………………………………………
d. Found in: …………………………………………………………………………
13. Centriole:
a. ……………………………………………………………………………………
b/ Found in: …………………………………………………………………………
14. Cytoskeleton:
a. ……………………………………………………………………………………
b. ……………………………………………………………………………………
c. Found in: …………………………………………………………………………
15. Cilia:
a. ……………………………………………………………………………………
b. ……………………………………………………………………………………
c. Found in: …………………………………………………………………………
16. Flagella:
a. ……………………………………………………………………………………
b. ……………………………………………………………………………………
c. Found in: …………………………………………………………………………
17. Contractile Vacuole:
a. ……………………………………………………………………………………
b. Found in: …………………………………………………………………………
18. Eyespot:
a. ……………………………………………………………………………………
b. Found in: …………………………………………………………………………
19. Pseudopod (Pseudo=false; pod=foot):
a. ……………………………………………………………………………………
b. ……………………………………………………………………………………
c. Found in: …………………………………………………………………………
E. Cell Size – Why are cells small? – 3 reasons:
1. Surface Area (provides) to Volume Ratio (needs):
a. ……………………………………………………………………………………
*Represents what the cell ……………………
b. ……………………………………………………………………………………
*Represents what the cell ………………….
c. ……………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
d. ……………………………………………………………………………………
2. Diffusion: ………………………………………………………………………………
a. ……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. DNA: …………………………………………………………………………………
F. Development of multicellular eukaryotes includes differentiation of cells into tissues and
organs
1. Stem cells: ………………………………………………………………………………
a. Embryonic stem cells—…………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
b. Adult stem cells—………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
2. Chemical Signals: ……………………………………………………………………
3. Differentiation: ………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
G. Comparison of Structure and Function (among various cell types) Note: As an embryo develops, it’s cells become differentiated to do different jobs, but each cell has the same DNA
1. muscle cells:……………………………………………………………………………
2. skin cells: ………………………………………………………………………………
3. nerve cells: ………………………………………………………………………………
4. sperm cells: ……………………………………………………………………………
5. Connective tissue cells: …………………………………………………………………
6. Red blood cells:…………………………………………………………………………
7. Xylem cells and Phloem cells (in plants):
a. Xylem- …………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
b.Phloem - …………………………………………………………………………