The July Crisis
Producto de B. Arthur
Hecho en EEUU
Round 2
Tossups
1. This event is the titular subject of a 1958 book by Steven Runciman, and the nationalist historian Michele Amari rejected the idea that it was caused by foreign intervention. Leonardo Bruni claimed it started in response to a mass fondling, and its first victim was Sergeant Drouet. It led to the Battle of Col de Panissars, and treaties resulting from this event include the Peace of Caltabellotta, which brought Frederick III to power, and the Treaty of Anagni. Michael VIII may have encouraged Peter III to invade after this event outside the Church of the Holy Spirit. For ten points, name this uprising against Charles of Anjou, a massacre of French soldiers named for the Italian island where it happened and the church service it interrupted.
Answer: Sicilian Vespers
2. An initial attack on this city’s outer defenses by “Baldy” Smith succeeded in capturing the first line of entrenchments, but P.G.T. Beauregard called up the clerks and home guards to defend this city, which also saw engagements at Peeble’s Farm and Deep Bottom. Gordon’s assault on Fort Stedman failed to open up the Weldon Railroad leading into this city, whose fate was sealed by Pickett’s defeat at Five Forks. Earlier failures to capture it included an attempt by some Pennsylvania miners to destroy Elliot’s Salient, which resulted in the deaths of several thousand black troops and Ambrose Burnside being relieved. FTP, identify this city on the Appomattox River which saw the Battle of the Crater fiasco and served as a junction for the five railroads supplying Richmond during the U.S. Civil War.
Answer: The Siege/Battle/City of Petersburg
3. This ruler befriended the Indian sage Calanus and helped him build a funeral pyre; later this ruler sent the diplomat Dionysios to the court of Bindusara Maurya. This man had an Asian wife named Artacama and a mistress named Thais. This ruler made Ophellas viceroy of his western-most province, where Magas would lead a rebellion against the polity this ruler founded. This ruler also appointed his brother Menelaus as an admiral and sent him to capture Cyprus. This ruler founded a state cult based on a combination of a bull god and a god of resurrection. After stopping Demetrius the Taker of Cities from taking Rhodes, this patron of the Cult of Serapis was given the title of “Savior” or “Soter” and the Colossus was built in his honor. For ten points, name this founder of the Lagid Dynasty, a general of Alexander the Great who ruled Egypt.
Answer: Ptolmey I Soter [accept: Ptolemaios I Soter; accept Ptolmey Soter or Ptolmey the Savior on early buzz]
4. The Northcote-Trevelyan Report was influenced by observations of these people, and Edward Kracke co-authored a study with an erroneously high estimate of how many of these people were closely related. Quotas for these people were first set in 997; later, another quota ensured that no more than 60% of them were from the more prosperous south. Wang Anshi was an early opponent of the way that these people were selected. Sui Yangdi rewarded these people with the title of jinshi, and these people frequently did not cut their fingernails to show that they did not have to work. Becoming this kind of person required mastery of the eight-legged essay. FTP, identify these people who had memorized the Four Books and the Five Classics en route to becoming civil servants in imperial China.
Answer: ANSWER: people who passed the Imperial Examinations [accept reasonable equivalents; accept jinshi before it is mentioned; accept Chinese civil servant before it is mentioned; accept Mandarin]
5. This man’s regime trained the SPUP forces that brought France-Albert Rene to power in the Seychelles in a 1976 coup. This man merged his political party with the Afro-Shiraz Party and his military forces won the Battle of Lukuya. He first came to prominence as a member of the Colonial Legislature under Governor Sir Richard Turnbull as a leader of the TAA, which he transformed into the TANU party. Famous for the Arusha Declaration, this man was succeeded by Ali Hassan Mwinyi, who instituted free market policies after the Ujamaa, this man’s collective agriculture policy, resulted in widespread famine, but he was able to annex a large island off his coast, Zanzibar. For ten points, name this first President of Tanzania.
Answer: Julius Nyerere
6. In Poland, this right was granted to one group by the Statute of Kalisz, and later extended to all persons by the 1573 Warsaw Confederation. In 1568, under the influence of his ministers Giorgio Biandrata and Ferenc David, Prince John II Zapolya of Transylvania granted this right to his people via the Edict of Turda. One ruler issued an edict proclaiming this that was written on thirty-three pillars scattered through his empire. The Edict of Fontainebleau revoked one document granting this, resulting in an offer of this by the Edict of Potsdam. For ten points, name this freedom found in the First Amendment and the Edict of Nantes.
Answer: Freedom of Worship [accept: freedom of religion, religious toleration, other equivalents]
7. Laws passed during this man’s reign included the Statute of Uses, which unintentionally led to modern trust law. He began his reign by executing Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley, two of his father’s ministers, for treason. Forces serving this monarch were defeated at the Battle of Flodden Field against the Scots, but he won in France at the Battle of the Spurs. Rebellions against this man included one led by Sir Francis Bigod in Yorkshire and one led by Robert Aske in Lincolnshire. Of course, he would have never been king if not for the death of his older brother Arthur. For ten points, name this target of the Pilgrimage of Grace, a Tudor King of England famous for his many wives.
Answer: Henry VIII
8. The Armenian merchant Khojah Nicholas negotiated a political agreement after this battle. The winners of this battle had refused to pay taxes to the losers, citing their dastak permits, and had shielded supporters of Ghaseti Behgum, an enemy of the losing commander. The victors, who were being paid by the corrupt banker Jagat Sheth, were forced to fight the Battles of Chinsura and Buxar in the aftermath of this battle. Mir Madan led a bold attack early in this battle, but fell to artillery fire, scattering his troops. The victors enjoyed the naval support of Admiral Charles Watson and the decisive leadership of Major Eyre Coot, and it resulted in the Treaty of Alinagar and the accession of Mir Jafar, who defected to the winners during this battle. For ten points, name this defeat of Nawab Siraj, the perpetrator of the Black Hole of Calcutta, a 1757 victory for Robert Clive that established British rule of India.
Answer: Battle of Palashi [accept: Battle of Plassey; Battle of Pelasi]
9. (Warning: two answers required!) Johns Hopkins professor Michael J. Green has called the continuing alliance between these two nations an example of “reluctant realism”. One treaty between these two countries is known as the Anpu, and the Kanrin Mission was an early diplomatic exchange between these nations, who signed their first mutual defense treaty in 1951. An opposition socialist party barricaded Parliament and had to be removed from the floor by police when they attempted to block a 1960 Security Treaty between these countries. One treaty between these countries was negotiated by Townsend Harris, and another was signed on board the Powhatan. For ten points, name these countries whose other treaties include Kanagawa and one creating a military base at Okinawa.
Answer: The United States and Japan
10. Monsignor Meglia, the papal nuncio to this ruler, lobbied him to enact a six-point plan to restore church lands but was rejected. Prior to coming to power with the help of General Forey, this man served as Governor of Lombardy-Venetia, but was removed for being too liberal. He was defeated at the Battle of Queretaro after which he was taken to the Hill of Bells along with his generals Meji and Miramon. Having no children, this ruler adopted the grandsons of the last person to hold the position he is most famous for, Augustin Iturbide. For ten points, name this ruler executed in 1867 after briefly being the Habsburg Emperor of Mexico.
Answer: Maximilian I [accept: Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph]
11. One person of this name was released from captivity by the Treaty of Sistowa and was a diplomat who negotiated the Ottoman side of the Treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji and was rewarded by being made Prince of Wallachia. That man's grandson, who also had this name, allied against Scarlat Callimachi with Tudor Vladimirescu's Pandur Militia; however, that attempt to coordinate with the Wallachian Uprising collapsed, leading to this man's defeat at the Battle of Dragasani after he had symbolically crossed the Pruth River. That man was also betrayed by his countryman John Capodistria. This man was the leader of a secret group called the Filiki Eteria, or Society of Friends, and called his military the Sacred Band. Exiled after the Russians refused to come to his aid, for ten points name this leader of an 1821 revolt of Greeks, the namesake of a city in Michigan.
Answer: Alexander Ypsilanti [accept: Alexandros Ypsilantis]
12. This practice was the subject of the Supreme Court case Heckler v. Chaney, in which the plaintiff claimed that the federal government did not properly regulate it, but the Supreme Court ruled that the FDA’s inaction was not grounds to sue. Hill v. McDonough upheld the right to challenge this practice on civil rights grounds. Christopher Newton was given a bathroom break while this action was being performed on him over the course of two hours, and in the case of James Autry, this process was stopped by court order after it had already begun. The most recent controversy over this process claims that it violates the 8th amendment because subjects might be immobilized but still feel pain. For ten points, name this method of executing involving poison and needles.
Answer: lethal injection [prompt on “execution” or equivalents until “method”]
13. The Night of the Beatings involved this group flogging some soldiers in retaliation for one of their members being flogged for robbing a bank, and this group hanged Mervyn Paice and Clifford Martin in the Sergeants Affair. The Saison, also known as the Hunting Season, was an effort to stop this group. This group’s founder, a native of Odessa, was arrested for allegedly inciting the Nabi Musa riots. This group sparked a crisis by attempting to use the Altalena to ship weapons. They cooperated with a group led by Abraham Stern in the Deir Yassin incident. In 1946 one of their bombs killed 91 people after the British failed to evacuate the King David Hotel. For ten points, name this group led by Menachem Begin, a militant Zionist group active in British Palestine in the 1930’s and 40’s.
Answer: Irgun Tzva'i Leumi [accept: Etzel; IZL; Haganah Bet; do not accept Haganah]
14. After this polity lost Fort Casimir to its southern neighbor, it counter-attacked and annexed the aggressor. One city in this polity was founded by Louis DuBois, a Hugenot refugee. It was proposed as the site of a utopian community by Francis Enden. Quasi-legislative bodies in this polity included the Council of Eight Men, led by Cornelius Melyn, and the earlier Council of Twelve Men, which was convened at the beginning of Kieft’s War. The northern border of this polity was the awkwardly-named Fort House of Good Hope, and control of it was transferred at the Treaty of Breda, where it was exchanged for Suriname. For ten points, name this New World settlement once ruled by Peter Stuyvesant that included modern New York and New Jersey.
Answer: New Netherland [accept: Nieuw Nederland; Novum Belgium; Nova Belgica]
15. According to one account of this man’s deeds, he was blessed by Archbishop Spiridon before one of his battles, in which he defeated an army of ethnic Tavastians, while a different account claims Spiridon was an enemy nobleman killed by this man. Pope Gregory IX ordered one attack against this man, who overthrew his brother Andrew by allying with Sartu Khan. With the help of Gavrilo Oleksich, this man defeated Birger Magnusson’s Swedish Army, earning this son of Yaroslav II and Grandson of Vsevolod of the Big Nest his epiteth, but his greatest victory came against the Brotherhood of the Sword, also known as the Livonian Order, led by Hermann of Buxhoeveden. For ten points, name this medieval Russian leader who on Lake Peipus defeated invading German knights at the Battle of the Ice.
Answer: Alexander Nevsky [accept: Alexander of Novgorod; Alexander Yaroslavich]
16. Apart from his works, the only written evidence of this man is the will of Absalon of Lund, which gives him two and a half silver marks. One part of this man’s most famous work says that Jesus was born during the reign of Frode III, another mentions the funeral of Bishop Esger, and another tells the story of the archer Palnatoki, a stubborn pagan on whom the legend of William Tell might be based. Battles described in his work include a victory for Harald Wartooth at Bravalla and the Battle of Grathe Heath, where Sweyn III was defeated, while other books describe the rise of Gorm the Old and Valdemar the Great. More famously, he was the first to write of a tragic prince named Hamlet. For ten points, name this author of the Gesta Danorum, an important medieval historian from Denmark.
Answer: Saxo Grammaticus
Bonuses
1. Identify these Kings of Hungary, none of whom are Bela the Bison.