Biology 218 – Human Anatomy

MIDTERM EXAM 4 Lecture MTX4 / Session:
Section:
Days / Time: Instructor: / Fall 2010
52999
MW 5:00 PM – 9:20 PM
RIDDELL
Development

1.  The Germ layers are responsible for the development of all cells, tissues, organs and systems in the body.

A.  True

B.  True and False, i.e., not for all cases

C.  False

D.  None

2.  Organ structures and systems are solely dependent on a single Germ Layer for their derivation.

A.  True

B.  True and False, i.e., not for all cases

C.  False

D.  None

3.  The 3 Germ layers Endo, Meso and Ecto would be considered

A.  Totipotent

B.  Pluripotent

C.  Multipotent

D.  Unipotent

4.  At 10 weeks' gestation, the intestines have begun moving back into the coelomic cavity, after they initially pushed outward into the umbilical stalk.

A.  True

B.  True and False, i.e., not for all cases

C.  False

D.  None

5.  Which period of development begins at fertilization and continues through cleavage and implantation?

A.  pre-embryonic development

B.  fetal development

C.  postnatal development

D.  embryonic development

Reproductive System

Match the male and female homologous structures in the developing fetus. Form the match by first listing the Female structures in alphabetical order and then listing the corresponding Male structure.

Female / Male / CODE / Choices
6.  _A
7.  _C
8.  _D
9.  _E
10.  _BC / 11.  _AC
12.  _B
13.  _AD
14.  _AB
15.  _AE / A
B
C
D
E
AB
AC
AD
AE
BC / clitoris
corpus cavernosa
erectile tissue
labia majora
labia minora
penile shaft
penis
scrotum
spongy urethra
vestibule


Trace the flow of sperm from the teste to the egg in the fallopian tube through the anatomically correct order of structures within the male and then beginning at the cervix of the female.. Mark the letter of the choice in the following list.

Lymph Flow / CODE / Anatomical Choices
Male
Lumen of Seminiferous Tubule
Straight tubule
16.  ___Rete testis
Efferent ductules
17.  ___Head of Epidydimis
Tail of Epididymis
18.  Ductus deferens
Ductus deferens Ampulla
19.  ___Ejaculatory duct
Prostastic uretha
Membranous uretha
20.  ___Spongy uretha
21.  ___Urethral orifice
Female
Cervix
22.  ___External Os of cervix
Cervical canal
23.  ___Internal Os of uterus
Uterine cavity
Uterine part / horn / tube
Uterine tube isthmus
24.  ___Uterine ampulla / A
B
C
D
E
AB
AC
AD
AE
BC
BD
BE
CD
CE
DE
ABC
ABD
ABE
ACD
ACE
ADE
BCD
BCE
BDE
CDE
ABCD
ABCE / Male
Ampulla
Ductus deferens
Efferent ductules
Ejaculatory duct
Head of Epidydimis
Lumen of Seminiferous Tubule
Membranous uretha
Prostastic uretha
Rete testis
Spongy uretha
Straight tubule
Tail of Epididymis
Urethral orifice
Female
Cervical canal
Cervix
External Os of cervix
Fimbriae
Infundibulum
Internal os of uterus
Uteine tube isthmus
Uterine ampulla
Uterine cavity
Uterine fundus
Uterine part / horn / tube
Vagina

Match the letter of the term that best defines / describes the term or completes the statement.

Term / CODE / Definition / Description
25.  Blood engorgement of cavernous tissue B
26.  Fetal development C
27.  Formation and release of specialized fluids AC
28.  Formation of milk D
29.  Periodic exfoliation of stratum functionalis AB
30.  Void of semen from male urethra A / A
B
C
D
E
AB
AC / Ejaculation
Erection
Gestation
Lactation
Ovulation
Menstruation
Secretion

Match the structure or hormone to its function.

Function / CODE / Hormone
31.  helps prepare the mammary glands for milk production A
32.  maintains gestation E
33.  triggers contraction of smooth muscles in the walls of lactiferous ducts and sinuses D
34.  stimulates growth and metabolism throughout the body AB
35.  stimulates formation of the corpus luteum C / A
B
C
D
E
AB
AC / Hu Placental Lactogen
Inhibin
Lutenizing Hormone
Oxytocin
Progesterone
Testosterone
None of the Choices

Complete the following Identify the presence of the following structures listed in the L column with their association A, for Females, B for Males or AB for present in Both Males and Females or E for not present.

Structure / A
Females / B
Males / E
Not present in Human Males or Females
36.  Dartos Muscle / X
37.  Broad ligament / X
38.  Myometrium / X
39.  Spongiosum / X
40.  Trigone / X / X
41.  Crus / X
42.  Suspensory ligament / X / X
43.  Infundibulum / X

.

44.  Testosterone is produced by interstitial cells of the testis in response to luteinizing hormone.

A.  True

B.  True and False, i.e., not for all cases

C.  False

D.  None

45.  Spermiogenesis requires the presence of______, which surround and enfold the spermatids, providing nutrients and chemical stimuli that promote their development.

A.  Interstitial cells

B.  Sertoli cells

C.  Leydig cells

D.  Mother cells

E.  Centrioles

46.  Which structure is formed in the penis where the bases of the corpora cavernosa diverge?

A.  Crura, crus

B.  corpus spongiosum

C.  bulb

D.  prepuce

Lymphatic System

47.  Anatomically, the splenic artery, the splenic vein, and the lymphatics draining the spleen are attached at the visceral splenic surface at the hilum.

A.  True

B.  True and False, i.e., not for all cases

C.  False

D.  None

48.  Where are lymphatic capillaries especially numerous?

A.  in connective tissue deep to skin and mucous membranes

B.  in the bone marrow

C.  in the mucosa and submucosa of the digestive tract

D.  A and C

49.  Which of the following areas of a typical lymph node is dominated by T-cells?

A.  the medulla

B.  the medullary cords

C.  the outer cortex

D.  the deep cortical area

50.  Where does lymphopoeisis occur?

A.  in the lymph nodes and spleen

B.  in the bone marrow and spleen

C.  in the spleen and thymus

Trace the flow of lymph from the GI tract through the anatomically correct order of structures that are presented. Mark the letter of the choice in the following list.

Lymph Flow / CODE / Anatomical Choices
Lacteal in GI Tract
51.  Lymph capillary
52.  _____afferent vessel A
Cisterna chyli
53.  ____Efferent vessel AB
54.  ___Thoracic duct ABC
Subclavian vein Left / A
B
C
D
E
AB
AC
AD
AE
BC
BD
BE
CD
CE
DE
ABC / afferent lymph vessel
alveoli
axillary node
cisterna chyli
duct tape
efferent lymph vessel
inguinal mode
jugular vein
Left
lymph capillary
lymphatic duct
node cortex
node medulla
plasma
Right
thoracic duct
Digestive System

Trace the flow of food anatomically correct order of digestion. Mark the letter of the choice in the following list for the terms that are presented

Anatomical Flow of food / CODE / Anatomical Choices
External environment
Lips
55.  ___Buccal side of the teeth C
Teeth
___Lingual side of the teeth ABE
56.  ____Tongue BCDE
57.  __Oropharynx BDE
Laryngopharynx
Esophagus
58.  Cardia E
Stomach
59.  Pyloris ABCD
60.  ___Duodenum AE
Jejunum
61.  ____Ileum CE
Caecum
62.  ___Ascending colon B
Transverse colon
63.  ____Descending colon AC
64.  ___Sigmoid colon ACDE
Rectum
65.  ___Anus A
External environment / A
B
C
D
E
AB
AC
AD
AE
BC
BD
BE
CD
CE
DE
ABC
ABD
ABE
BCD
BCE
BDE
CDE
ABCD
ABCE
ABDE
ACDE
BCDE
ABCDE / anus
ascending colon
buccal
caecum
cardia
celiac trunk
descending colon
diaphragm
duodenum
esophagus
external environment
gall bladder
hepatic portal vein
ileum
jejunum
kidney
laryngopharynx
lingual
liver
mediastinum
orppharynx
pancreas
pyloris
rectum
salivary gland
sigmoid colon
tongue
transverse colon

Complete the following Table: Place a check mark in the appropriate column to signify which organs and / or

Match the letter of the term that best defines / describes the term or completes the statement.

Term / CODE / Definition / Description
66.  Chew BE
67.  Passage of macromolecules into microvilli A
68.  Swallow AC
69.  Void feces from rectum AB
70.  Void saliva from mouth and throat AE
71.  Void urine from bladder CE / A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
E. 
AB.
AC.
AD.
AE.
BC.
BD.
BE.
CD.
CE.
DE.
ABC. / Absorption
Acidification
Adsorption
Anabolism
Catabolism
Defecation
Deglutition
Diffusion
Expectoration
Haustral Churning
Hydrolysis
Mastication
Metabolism
Micturition
Neutralization
Peristalsis

Complete the following Table: Instead of placing a check mark, identify which structures / cell types are present in which organs. Mark all that apply letters indicated in the column headings for each of the structures listed on the L side. The following structures / cell types are present in which organs. Mark All that apply.

Structure / A
Esophagus / B
Stomach / C
Small Intestine / D
Colon / E
Bladder
72.  Gastric Pits B / X
73.  Lacteals C / X
74.  Microvilli D / X
75.  Muscularis ABCDE / X / X / X / X / X
76.  Rugae BE / X / X
77.  Serosa BCD / X / X / X / X
78.  Submucosa C / X / X / X / X
79.  3 layered muscularis BE / X / X
80.  Taneia coli D / X

81.  Which of the following esophageal layers consists of stratified squamous epithelium?

A.  muscularis externa

B.  submucosal layer

C.  adventitia

D.  mucosal layer

E.  muscularis mucosae

AB. serosa

82.  In which segment of the small intestine are submucosal glands most abundant?

A.  proximal jejunum

B.  distal duodenum

C.  proximal duodenum

D.  distal ileum

83.  The gallbladder functions in ______and bile modification, and bile ejection occurs under stimulation of the hormone ______.

A.  bile storage, cholecystokinin

B.  bile production, cholecystokinin

C.  bile storage, bilirubin

D.  bile production, bilirubin

84.  Regarding the histological organization of the digestive tract, the ______is a layer of dense, irregular connective tissue that surrounds the muscularis mucosae.

A.  serosa

B.  mucosa

C.  muscularis

D.  perineurium

E.  submucosa

F.  laminapropria

85.  Which of the following is the term used for the dorsal mesentery of the stomach, which becomes greatly enlarged during development, forming a structure that extends inferiorly between the body wall and the anterior surface of the small intestine?

A.  greater omentum

B.  mesentery proper

C.  lesser omentum

D.  falciform ligament

E.  cardia


Endocrine System

Match the HORMONE to its principal site of origin.

Hormone / CODE / Endocrine Organ
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Aldosterone
86.  Antidiuretic Hormone ABD
Calcitonin
Cortisol / Cortisone
Epinephrine
Erythropoeitin
87.  Estrogen D
88.  FSH Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Glucagon
Human Growth Hormone
Insulin E
89.  Leutininzing Hormone
Melanocyte - stimulating hormone
Melatonin AC
NO / nitric monoxide
Norepinephrine
90.  Oxytocin AD
Parathyroid Hormone AB
91.  Progesterone
Prolactin B
Prostaglandins CE
Releasing Hormones C
92.  Testosterone AE
Thymosin BC
93.  Thyroid Hormone BD
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone B / A
B
C
D
E
AB
AC
AD
AE
BC
BD
BE
CD
CE
DE
ABC
ABD
ABE
ACD
ACE
ADE
BCD
BCE
CDE
ABCD
ABCE
ABDE
ACDE
BCDE
ABCDE / Adrenal Gland Cortex
Adrenal Gland Medulla
Anterior Pituitary
Colon
Corpus Luteum
Hypothalamus
Heart
Hypothalamus
Intestine
Kidney
Liver
Ovary
Pancreas
Parathyroid Gland
Pineal Gland
Placenta
Posterior Pituitary
Prostate
Spleen
Teste
Thalamus
Thymus
Thyroid Gland
Salivary Glands
Several of the above
Stomach
Organs not listed
Practically all organs
Uterus
Vessels (blood)

Urinary System

Organ System

Trace the flow of urine from its beginning as plasma through the urinary system in the correct anatomical order. List the letter of the structure from the choices presented.

Anatomical Order of Urine Formation in the Nephron / CODE / Structure Choices
Kidney
Collecting duct
94.  ____Papillary duct ABE
Renal Papilla ADE
95.  ___Minor calyx
96.  ___Major calyx
Renal pelvis
97.  Ureter
98.  ____Uretral openings to bladder ABDE
99.  Urinary bladder
100.  Trigone of Urinary bladder
Urethra BDE
101.  Urethral orifice ABCD
External Environment / A
B
C
D
E
AB
AC
AD
AE
BC
BD
BE
CD
CE
DE
ABC
ABD
ABE
ACD
ACE
ADE
BCD
BCE
BDE
CDE
ABCD
ABCE
ABDE / Afferent arterioles
Arcuate artery
Ascending Loop of Henle
Basal lamina (glomerular)
Bladder
Capsular Space (Glomerular)
Collect Duct
Descending Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Efferent arteriole
Endothelial cell pore (glomerular)
Filtration slit membrane of pedicels
Filtration slit of pedicels
Glomerular artery
Major calyx
Minor calyx
Nephron
Papillary duct
Peritubular capillaries
Proximal convoluted tubule
Renal papilla
Renal pelvis
Trabecular artery
Trigone
Ureter
Urethral orifice
Uretral openings
Vasa recta

102.  The pathway described above is for….. A, Males, B, Females or C both male and female.

Histological System

Trace the flow of urine from its accumulation as urine in the kidney through the urinary system in the correct anatomical order. List the letter of the structure from the choices presented.

Anatomical Order of Urine Elimination / CODE / Structure Choices
Plasma in the afferent arteriole
103.  ____glom art DE
Endothelial cell pore (glomerular)
Filtration slit membrane
Filtration slit
104.  _____ cpa space AB
105.  Proximal convoluted tubules BDE
106.  ______desc loop AD
107.  ______asc loop C
108.  ___Distal convoluted tub AE
Collecting duct / A
B
C
D
E
AB
AC
AD
AE
BC
BD
BE
CD
CE
DE
ABC
ABD
ABE
ACD
ACE
ADE
BCD
BCE
BDE
CDE
ABCD
ABCE
ABDE
ACDE
ABCDE / Afferent arterioles
Arcuate artery
Ascending Loop of Henle
Basal lamina (glomerular)
Bladder
Capsular Space (Glomerular)
Collecting Duct
Descending Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Efferent arteriole
Endothelial cell pore (glomerular)
External urethral orifice
Filtration slit membrane of pedicels / podocytes
Filtration slit of pedicels / podocytes
Glomerular artery
Internal urethral orifice
Urethra
External urethral orifice
Major calyx
Minor calyx
Nephron
Papillary duct
Peritubular capillaries
Proximal convoluted tubule
Renal papilla
Renal pelvis
Trabecular artery
Uretral openings to bladder
Ureter
Vasa recta

109.  Approximately 85% of all nephrons are cortical nephrons, which perform most of the reabsorptive and secretory functions of the kidneys.