Global History and Geography II and II(H)
Midterm Examination – January 2000
CITY SCHOOL DISTRICT
ROCHESTER, NEW YORK
GLOBAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY II and II(H)
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
January 2000
BOOKLET A
This exam contains three parts. Part I is contained in this booklet, Booklet A. Parts II and III are contained in another booklet, Booklet B.
Be sure you have both booklets, A and B, a machine-scored answer sheet and scrap paper. Complete the heading on your answer sheet and on Booklet B.
DO NOT OPEN THIS EXAMINATION BOOKLET
UNTIL TOLD TO DO SO
Part I – Multiple-Choice
Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the BEST answer. Darken the space on your answer sheet which is lettered the same as the answer you have chosen. Be sure to darken the space in the row on your answer sheet that is numbered the same as the question.
Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the speakers’ statements below and on your knowledge of social studies.
Speaker A: By nature, men are free, equal and independent. No one can be put out of this estate and subjected to the political power of another without his own consent.
Speaker B: The question arises about whether it is better to be loved more than feared or feared more than loved. The reply is that one ought to be both feared and loved, but it is much safer to be feared than loved.
Speaker C: Society’s interests are best served by open and free competition. The laws of nature dictate that the struggle of the marketplace produces the best results.
Speaker D: Does anyone believe that the progress of this world springs from the mind of majorities and not from the brain of individuals?
1. Which speaker supports the ideas of democracy?
A. A B. B C. C D. D
2. The ideas of the capitalist system are best supported by Speaker
A. A. B. B. C. C. D. D.
3. Which generalization about democracy is most valid?
A. Democratic political systems require a highly-industrialized society.
B. Absolute monarchies are among the most democratic forms of government.
C. Democratic governments prevent their citizens from traveling abroad.
D. Democratic governments protect the basic rights of their people.
4. “A group of planners makes all economic decisions. The group assigns natural, human and capital resources to the production of those goods and services that it wants. The group decides how to produce them and to whom to distribute them.” This description best applies to a
A. democracy. C. command economy.
B. capitalist country. D. monarchy.
5. Which factor is necessary for the development of democratic institutions?
A. strong military forces C. a one-party system
B. respect for individual rights D. an agricultural economy
6. From the writings of Copernicus:
“I too began to reflect the earth’s capacity for movement . . . that the earth turns from west to east, then so far as pertains to the apparent rising and setting of the sun, moon and stars . . .”
The revolutionary scientific theory being described in this reading was that
A. the sun, moon and stars revolved around the earth.
B. the earth and all other planets revolved around the sun.
C. every planet revolved around itself.
D. the earth was the center of God’s solar system.
7. Frances Bacon, Galileo and Isaac Newton promoted the idea that knowledge should be based on
A. the experiences of past civilizations.
B. experimentation and observation.
C. emotions and feelings.
D. the teachings of the Catholic church.
8. During the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, one similarity in the work of many scientists and philosophers was that they
A. relied heavily on the ideas of medieval thinkers.
B. favored an absolute monarchy as a way of improving economic conditions.
C. received support from the Catholic church.
D. examined natural laws governing the universe.
9. Writers of the Enlightenment were primarily interested in
A. changing the relationship between people and their government.
B. supporting the divine right theory.
C. debating the role of the Church in society.
D. promoting increased powers for European monarchs.
10. Which of the following was not a belief of Locke and Rousseau?
A. natural rights C. absolute monarchy
B. consent of the governed D. the social contract
11. In France, which was a major result of the French Revolution?
A. the King was restored to unlimited power
B. the clergy dominated government
C. the middle class gained political influence
D. the tax burden was carried by the lower class
12. Which is a result of the Napoleonic Era?
A. a spread of the ideas of nationalism and democracy
B. a strengthening of religious forces
C. the expansion of communism
D. a new race of colonies
13. Catherine the Great changed Russia by
A. abolishing all social class distinctions.
B. becoming a constitutional monarch.
C. preventing wars with neighboring nations.
D. introducing Western ideas and customs.
14. Which statement best describes the Roman Catholic Church in most Latin American countries in the 1800s?
A. The activities of the Church were controlled by the national governments.
B. The Church confined its activities to religious matters.
C. The Church taught obedience to established authority.
D. Most people saw the Church as having little influence in daily life.
15. Which factor was most important in the development of regionalism in Latin America?
A. geographic conditions that limited contact between people
B. presence of different religious groups
C. Dutch policies of colonization
D. rapid growth of many different political parties
16. In many newly independent 19th century Latin American nations, power was often concentrated in the hands of the
A. wealthy landowners. C. Maya and Aztec officials.
B. corporate executives. D. peasant farmers.
17. How did the French Revolution affect the Latin American independence movements?
A. It encouraged the British to meet the demands of the people.
B. It promoted regional cooperation to solve economic problems.
C. It provided ideas for making political changes.
D. It was a model for peaceful solutions to political objectives.
18. “I will never allow my hands to be idle nor my soul to rest until I have broken the chains laid upon us by Spain.” This statement was most likely made by a
A. Latin American nationalist. C. Roman Catholic bishop.
B. Portuguese explorer. D. Spanish conquistador.
19. Simón Bolívar and Toussaint L’Overtue were Latin American leaders of
A. economic development. C. independence movements.
B. educational reforms. D. colonial expansion.
20. Nationalism is best defined as
A. the achievement of world peace and global understanding.
B. the desire to take over other societies by force.
C. a method of solving basic economic problems of the society.
D. the loyalty of a people to their values, traditions, and geographic region.
21. Which has been a major goal of the Zionists in the Middle East?
A. to unite the Middle East under their religion
B. to improve their relations with Russia
C. to become leaders in the world economy
D. to have their own independent country
22. Ø Unification of German States (1865-1871)
Ø Establishment of Indian National Congress Party (1885)
Ø Chinese Revolution (1911)
Ø Unification of Italy (1830-1880s)
These events illustrate the desire of various nations to
A. control people of other cultures.
B. economically isolate a country.
C. strengthen national pride and self-rule.
D. industrialize an agricultural country.
23. Which development caused the other three?
A. introduction of the factory system
B. increased urbanization
C. increased productivity of industrialized workers
D. unsafe working conditions
24. An agricultural revolution, worldwide markets and good supplies of iron and coal made it possible for England to
A. begin the Commercial Revolution. C. start the Industrial Revolution.
B. establish the guild system. D. accept mercantilism.
25. “With the new methods that used mass production, division of labor, the assembly line and interchangeable parts, prices came down. A greater number and variety of goods became available to more people. The domestic system was disappearing and a new revolution was sweeping across Europe.”
Which revolution does this quotation describe?
A. French C. Russian
B. Commercial D. Industrial
26. A major result of the Industrial Revolution in Europe was a(n)
A. increase in the size and influence of the middle class.
B. increase in the percentage of people engaged in farming.
C. decreased life expectancy and an increased infant mortality.
D. reliance on subsistence economies.
Base your answer to question 27 on the drawing below and on your knowledge of social studies.
27. The drawing illustrates workers’ reactions to which development of the Industrial Revolution?
A. machines replacing workers C. rise of unions
B. slum housing conditions D. equal sharing of profits with workers
28. In Europe, which group benefited most from the industrialization of the 19th century?
A. rural farmers C. factory workers
B. middle class D. clergy
29. Which economic system is shown in this diagram?
A. socialism C. laissez-faire capitalism
B. manorialism D. mercantilism
Base your answer to question 30 on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies.
30. The cartoon depicts the
A. ethnocentrism of the Chinese during the Manchu Ch’ing dynasty of the 17th
century.
B. separation of China into spheres of influence by 19th century imperialist nations.
C. military aid given to Chinese revolutionaries by the Soviet Union during the
1940’s.
D. favored trading-partner status awarded to China by many Western European
countries in the 1980’s.
31. Both the Taiping Rebellion and the Boxer Rebellion attempted to rid China of
A. Mongol control. C. Communist influence.
B. illegal drug traffic. D. foreign domination.
Examination continues on the next page . . .
Base your answers to questions 32-35 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies.
32. Which European nation controlled much of West Africa?
A. Britain C. Germany
B. France D. Italy
33. Which conclusion is accurate based on information in the map?
A. In 1900, only two nations in Africa remained independent.
B. Germany and France controlled most of East Africa.
C. The first colony seized by Britain was Uganda.
D. The stiffest resistance to European rule occurred in North Africa.
34. The map indicates that among the colonial powers
A. the United States and Soviet Union played a major role.
B. Portugal was the only independent nation.
C. Britain was blocked in controlling a north-south corridor.
D. Germany controlled the southern half of the continent.
35. Why was Africa carved into so many colonies?
A. Jihads spread Islam throughout Africa.
B. Industrial nations needed raw materials.
C. Nationalist movements achieved independence.
D. Communists took over colonies.
36. Which is an accurate statement about the partitioning of Africa by European imperialist nations during the 1800s?
A. New nations were based on old tribal boundaries.
B. The cultural and ethnic diversity of the African people was disregarded.
C. The continent was divided equally among the colonial powers.
D. African unity was encouraged.
Base your answers to question 37 on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies.
37. What is the main idea of the cartoon?
A. Many people assisted Western nations in acquiring overseas colonies.
B. Western imperialism involved the exploitation of people and resources in the
colonies.
C. Many job opportunities were created by Western colonization.
D. Western imperialism improved the quality of life for people in the colonies.
38. A major effect of geography on Japan is that the
A. export of oil has helped Japan maintain a favorable balance of trade.
B. fertile plains have enabled Japan to keep food prices low.
C. mountains have prevented invasions by foreign nations
D. scarcity of natural resources has forced Japan to obtain raw materials from the
other nations.
39. In Japan between 1603 and 1868, the most notable action taken by the Tokugawa Shogunate was the
A. military conquest of China.
B. development of extensive trade with the Americas.
C. formation of cultural links with Europe.
D. virtual isolation of the country from the outside world.
40. An immediate result of Commodore Matthew Perry’s visit to Japan in 1853 was
A. an alliance between Japan and Russia.
B. the development of trade between Japan and the West.
C. a war between Japan and the United States.
D. the continued isolation of Japan.
41. Between the Meiji Restoration and World War I, Japan tried to solve the problem of its scarcity of natural resources by
A. exporting agricultural products in exchange for new technology.
B. establishing a policy of imperialism.
C. building nuclear power plants.
D. cooperating with the Soviet Union to gain needed resources.
42. Throughout the 1800s, Russia was interested in acquiring Turkish territory mainly because Russia wanted to
A. maintain peace in the Middle East.
B. obtain access to the Mediterranean Sea.
C. reestablish the Byzantine empire.
D. obtain the rich farmland of the Anatolian Plateau.
Examination continues on the next page . . .
Base your answer to question 43 on the graph below and on your knowledge of social studies.
43. Which is an accurate statement based on the information in the graph?
A. In 1914, Austria-Hungary attempted to end the arms race in Europe.
B. In 1914, the five major European powers spent more on military programs than on
any other program.
C. In 1914, Russia was the most militaristic of all the European nations.
D. In 1914, Germany spent more money on its military than did any other European
nation shown.
44. A major cause of World War I was