Supplementary Material:
Cases investigating earthworm biomarkers response to pollutants
Earthworm species / Biomarkers / Test pollutants / Exposure time (d) / Exposure medium / ReferencesA.caliginosa / AChE
GST
NRRA / diazinon chlorpyrifos / 28 / Artificial soil / (Booth & O'Halloran 2009)
E. fetida / SOD and CAT
Heat shock protein / Tonalide galaxolide / 2 / Filter paper contact test / (Chen et al. 2011)
E. andrei / Avoidance behavior / Heavy metals / 2 / abandoned mining area / (Da Luz et al. 2009)
L. terrestris / NRRA
TIAA / Heavy metals
PAHs / 12 / complexly contaminated field soils / (Hankard et al. 2004)
E. fetida / NRRA
Comet assay / acetochlor / 5, 15, 30 / Artificial soil / (Xiao et al. 2006)
D. octaedra / glycogen reserves / Heavy metals / 28 / contaminated forest soil / (Holmstrup et al. 2011)
A.nocturna allolobophora icterica / Burrowing behavior,
AChE
GST / Imidacloprid / 7 / Abandoned peach orchard / (Capowiez et al. 2003)
L. terrestris / Histopathological alterations, CAT, GST
Mucus secretion / Heavy metals / Collected from field / contaminated agricultural soil / (Kılıç 2011)
L. terrestris / Wound healing / Cd / 10, 20, 30 / Artificial soil / (Cikutovic et al. 1999)
E. fetida / anti-oxidant enzymes / phenanthrene pyrene / 28 / Artificial soil / (Wu et al. 2012b)
E. fetida / anti-oxidant enzymes / HHCB / 3, 7, 14, 28 / Artificial soil / (Liu et al. 2011)
E. fetida / anti-oxidant enzymes / Fluoranthene / 7 / Artificial soil / (Ma et al. 2012)
E. fetida / anti-oxidant enzymes / 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene / 2, 7, 14 / Artificial soil / (Wu et al. 2012a)
E. fetida / anti-oxidant enzymes / benzo(a)pyrene / 1, 2, 7, 14 / Artificial soil / (Saint-Denis et al. 1999)
E. fetida / anti-oxidant enzymes / Phenanthrene / 28 / Artificial soil / (Wu et al. 2011)
L. rubellus / CAT
cytochromeP450 / Pyrene / 42 / Artificial soil / (Brown et al. 2004)
A. caliginosa / AChE
NRRA / Chlorpyrifos / 28 / Natural contaminated orchard soil / (Reinecke & Reinecke 2007)
L. terrestris / Carboxylesterase activity / Chlorpyrifos / 1 / Filter contact test / (Sanchez-Hernandez et al. 2009)
E. fetida / Comet assay
NRRA / TNT / 1, 2, 3 / Filter contact test / (Fuchs et al. 2011)
E. fetida / anti-oxidant enzymes / Tetracycline chlortetracycline / 7, 14, 28 / Artificial soil / (Dong et al. 2012)
E. fetida / Comet assay
anti-oxidant enzymes / Atrazine / 28 / Artificial soil / (Song et al. 2009)
E. fetida / Comet assay
anti-oxidant enzymes / triclosan / 2, 7, 14 / Artificial soil / (Lin et al. 2010)
E. fetida / anti-oxidant enzymes / chlortetracycline / 28 / Artificial soil / (Lin et al. 2012)
E. andrei / anti-oxidant enzymes
AChE / pirimiphos-methyl deltamethrin / 1, 3, 6, 15, 21, 28 / Artificial soil / (Velki & Hackenberger 2013b)
E. andrei / anti-oxidant enzymes
AChE / Dimethoate / 1, 3, 6, 15, 21, 28 / Artificial soil / (Velki & Hackenberger 2013a)
E. fetida / anti-oxidant enzymes / Cd
Pyrene / 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56 / Artificial soil / (Yang et al.)
L．mauritii / anti-oxidant enzymes
Comet assay
GST / Pb
Zn / 28 / Artificial soil / (Maity et al. 2008)
L. castaneus / NRRA / Heavy metals / Collected from field / Contaminated industrial soil / (Svendsen et al. 1996)
E. fetida / AChE / Temephos / 2 / Filter / (Hackenberger et al. 2008)
E. veneta / NRRA / Heavy metals / 14 / pyrite ore mines soil / (Hoensi et al. 2003)
E. fetida / NRRA / As / 28 / Artificial soil / (Lee & Kim 2009)
E. fetida / NRRA / Cu / 14 / Contaminated industrial soil / (Rocco et al. 2011)
A. chlorotica / AChE / Pesticides / Collected from field / Apple orchards / (Denoyelle et al. 2009)
A. tuberculata / MTs
cytochromeP450 GST / Cu
Zn / 2, 7, 14 / Contaminated industrial soil / (Lukkari et al. 2004)
A.caliginosa / AChE
GST / Chlorpyrifos / 7, 14, 28 / Natural contaminated soil / (Booth et al. 2001)
E. fetida / NRRA / Copper oxychloride / 28 / Artificial soil / (Maboeta et al. 2004)
E. fetida / Avoidance behavior / Pb Zn Cu / 2 / Mine area / (Udovic & Lestan 2010)
L. terrestris / NRRA
total immune activity / Heavy metals
PAHs / 12 / Contaminated industrial soil / (Hankard et al. 2004)
E. fetida / anti-oxidant enzymes
AChE
GST / Pb / 2, 7, 14, 28 / Artificial soil / (Saint-Denis et al. 2001)
E. fetida / NRRA / Cu / 21 / Artificial soil / (Scott‐Fordsmand et al. 2009)
L. rubellus / NRRA / Cu / 17, 40, 70, 110 / Artificial soil / (Svendsen & Weeks 1997a)
E. andrei / NRRA / Cu / 28 / Artificial / (Svendsen & Weeks 1997b)
E. fetida,
L. rubellus,
L. terrestris
A. caliginosa / NRRA / Zn / 42 / Artificial / (Spurgeon et al. 2009)
L. rubellus / NRRA / Cu / 28 / Artificial soil / (Weeks & Svendsen 1996)
E. andrei / AChE / Carbaryl / 1, 3, 5 / Artificial soil / (Gambi et al. 2007)
E. foetida / integrality of morphology AChE / Chlorpyrifos / 1, 2 / Filter / (Venkateswara Rao et al. 2003)
E. fetida / NRRA / Pb / 28 / Artificial soil / (Reinecke & Reinecke 2003)
E. fetida / NRRA / Pb / 28 / Artificial soil / (Booth et al. 2003)
E. fetida / Antioxidant enzymes
Comet assay / perfluorooctane sulfonates / 2,7,14,28,42 / Artificial soil / (Xu et al. 2013)
E. fetida / NRRA / Pb / 28 / Artificial soil / (Reinecke & Reinecke 2003)
E. fetida / NRRA / Pb / 28 / Artificial soil / (Booth et al. 2003)
E. fetida / Antioxidant enzymes
Comet assay / perfluorooctane sulfonates / 2,7,14,28,42 / Artificial soil / (Xu et al. 2013)
A. caliginosa / Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), car boxylesterase (CbE), cyto chrome, P450-dependentmonooxygenase (CYP450), glutathione S-transferase (GST) / Chlorpyrifos / 3, 21 / Artificial soil / (Sanchez-Hernandez et al. 2014)
E. fetida / Gene expression levels, Growth inhibition / tetrabromobisphenol A, hexabromocyclododecane, decabromodiphenyl ether / 4, 7, 10, 14 / Artificial soil / (Shi et al. 2015)
L. terrestris / Cast production / Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd / 7 / Artificial soil / (Capowiez et al. 2010)
E. fetida / NRRA
coelomocyte apoptosis / oxytetracycline and Pb / 7, 14, 28 / Artificial soil / (Gao et al. 2014)
E. fetida / Avoidance response / decabromodiphenyl ether / 2 / Artificial soil / (Xie et al. 2013)
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