Bio. 130 – Dr. Eric Schwartz
Topics to Review for Exam 3
To properly prepare for the exam please review your notes on each topic listed below. If you are not confident that you fully understand a topic, go back and read the text book on that topic. If you are still unclear on a topic please ask me to explain what you don’t understand. Asking me in person is the most efficient way for me to be able to explain something to you and be certain that you understand my response. You may certainly e-mail me questions that you may have and I will make every effort to respond to your e-mails as soon as possible. However, please realize that an e-mail response can’t be as in-depth as an in person explanation. Also, I may not be able to respond to your e-mail immediately so if you e-mail me right before an exam I may not be able to get back to you in time for the exam.
Please understand that most of the material listed below is explicitly discussed in your lecture notes/powerpoint presentations, or your text book. However, some of the information below may be additional topics or phrases that have been discussed in class that you are responsible for as well. In addition, while this review sheet details the vast majority of the topics that will be on the exam, there may be some questions on the exam that are not specifically addressed in this review sheet.
Integument –
Know and understand the functions of the integument
Know and understand the anatomy of the skin, including the various layers and their features
Know and understand the physiology of how nutrients are supplied to the skin
Know and understand what happens with injuries to the skin, including severe burns
Know and understand the different types of skin cancer
Bone and Skeletal System –
Know and understand the functions of the skeletal system
Know and understand the different parts of the Axial Skeleton that we went over in class
Know and understand the different parts of the Appendicular Skeleton that we went over in class
Know and understand the structure of bone, including the various types of cells in bone
Know and understand the special features and characteristics of bone
Know and understand the different parts of different types of bones
Know and understand the 2 methods of bone development that we discussed
Know and understand the process of the healing of a fracture
Know and understand the concept of bone remodeling
Know and understand what a bursa is and what bursitis is
Know and understand the differences between the various types of joints
Know and understand the various motions of the skeletal system
Know and understand the concept of how Osteoporosis develops
Know the anatomy of any specific bones we discussed in lecture
Nervous System –
Know and understand what a Neuron is and it’s anatomy
Know and understand what Neuroglial tissue is
Know and understand an Action Potential and how it occurs and travels down an axon, including refractory period
Know and understand white matter of CNS vs. Gray matter
Know and understand peripheral vs. central nervous system
Know and understand Saltatory vs. standard conduction
Know and understand synapses and neurotransmitters
Know and understand the different parts of the autonomic nervous system including Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Nervous Systems and Dual Innervation
Know and understand the different parts of human brain and especially the cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla oblongata and what the corpus callosum is
Know and understand the parts of a Reflex arc as well as the anatomy of the spinal cord and the dorsal and ventral roots as well as the dorsal root ganglion
Know and understand the anatomy involved in the processes of hearing and vision
Know and understand the physiology involved in the processes of hearing and vision, including being able to trace light and/or sound waves as they enter the body and are processed as sight or hearing.
Know and understand CSF and the various meninges of the brain and spinal cord
Know and understand the anatomy of spinal nerves and the concept of dermatomes
Muscles and Muscular System
Know and understand the anatomical structure of muscle fibers and muscles
Know and understand the cellular level features of muscle including sarcoplasmic reticulum and the relationship between thin and thick filaments
Know and understand the various layers of connective tissue covering in muscle fibler and muscles
Know and understand what is meant by the origin and the insertion of muscles
Know and understand the concept of how muscles get stimulated by nerves
Know and understand the principles of how a muscle contracts
Know and understand what is meant by the various types of muscle contraction are
Know and understand the differences between fast and slow twitch muscle fibers
Know and understand the concepts of recruitment, twitch, tetany, and fatigue
Know the anatomy of and the origin and insertion of the muscles we discussed in lecture