US HistoryMr. Donaldson
Unit 3 – America: 1860 - 1900
Westward Expansion (1865 -1900)
(Vocabulary and Essential Questions)
Vocabulary: In two or three sentences, identify each important person, event, or concept in terms of its importance relative to the unit topic above. Remember who, what, when, where, and why?
Essential Questions: Write the correct answer in the space provided. The answers will be found in Sections 2 and 3 of Chapter 6.
- reservations (P. 161) –
_____ 2. In contrast to white settlers, Native Americans view nature as
a. sacred.c. pleasant.
b. a resource to provide wealth.d. less important as railroads.
_____ 3. Beginning in the 1870’s, white hunters and tourists came west to slaughter ______, which
Plains Indians depended on for food.
a. deerc. fish
b. bearsd. buffaloes
4. Sand Creek Massacre (P. 162) –
5. Sitting Bull (P. 164) -
6. Battle of Little Big Horn (PP. 164-165) –
7. Chief Joseph (P. 166) –
_____ 8. The popular ritual adopted by many Plains Indians in the late 19th Century that hoped to restore the
buffalo and banish white settlers was called the
a. Ghost Walk.c. Freedom Ride.
b. Ghost Dance.d. Nature Prayer.
9. Massacre at Wounded Knee (PP. 166-167) -
_____ 10. The author of A Century of Dishonor (1881), a book that defended the Indians’ way of life and
criticized the governments’ unfair policy toward them was
a. Helen Hunt Jackson.c. Dee Brown.
b. Chief Red Cloud.d. James Fenimore Cooper.
_____ 11. The assimilation of Native Americans into American society was a goal of
a. Crazy Horse.c. the Dawes Severalty Act.
b. General George A. Custer.d. the Civil Rights Act of 1875.
_____ 12. The transcontinental railroad, opened in 1869, connected
a. northern cities to Mexico.c. cotton plantations of the South to northern cities.
b. New York to Washington, DC.d. the East Coast to the West Coast.
_____ 13. The first great boom in the West was spurned by the ______industry.
a. railroadc. mining
b. cattled. steel
14. vigilantes/ “boomtowns” (P. 171) –
15. open-range system/ longhorns/ cow towns (PP. 172 – 173) –
_____ 16. All of the following helped put an end to the era of open-range ranching in the mid 1880’s except
a. The invention of barbed wire made it possible to fence huge tracks of land.
- Congress passed new laws that cut into profits made by ranchers.
- Beef prices dropped as the supply of cattle exceeded demand.
- Brutal winters and sever droughts caused hardships for ranchers.
_____ 17. The Homestead Act of 1862 offered settlers
a. relief from their debtsc. free public education
b. loans to expand their farmsd. 160 acres of western public land
_____ 18. Homesteaders on the plains usually built homes of ______since wood was scarce.
a. sodc. bricks
b. stoned. adobe
19. Exodusters (P. 174) –
20. Closing of the Frontier (P. 176) -