Renaissance and Reformation Study Guide

Reread Chapter 1 in your textbook and study all of your notes from class!!!

Renaissance- “rebirth”-a renewal of learning that began during late Middle Ages.

The Renaissance begins in the prosperous Italian city-states grown wealthy from a monopoly on trade with the East.

Humanism- A revival of the classical learning of Greece and Rome but humanism also stressed the worth of the individual-“Man is the measure of all things.”

Literature in the vernacular

Petrarch

Boccaccio

Castiglione

Florence and the importance of the Medici

Renaissance art, sculpture, and architecture

New ideas spread with the invention of the printing press by Johann Gutenberg in 1440.

**Know all the V.I.P.s from the Renassiance and what contributions they made to history

Leonardo -accomplishments

Michelangelo- accomplishments

Raphael-accomplishments

Sir Thomas More

Machiavelli- The Prince

By the late 1500s the Renaissance had spread throughout much of Western Europe.

Its emphasis on inquiry called into question many long-standing beliefs.

Erasmus and Christian Humanism

The Protestant Reformation

John Tezel and the sale of indulgences.

Corruption of the Church

Martin Luther opposed the sale of indulgences.

Luther claimed people could not buy God’s forgiveness- justification by faith

(1517) 95 Theses- criticized the sale of indulgences and other Church practices. (simony)

Pope excommunicated Luther in 1521.

Diet of Worms

Bible in the vernacular 1534

Peace of Augsburg 1555

Lutheran revolt was greatly aided by printing press.

Henry VIII

Anglican Church 1536

John Calvin and Calvinism

Geneva 1536

Theocracy

Predestination

Counter Reformation-1530s

Council of Trent 1545-1563

Brought an end to many abuses

Clearly stated the Church teachings

Reinforced the Pope’s authority

1542 the Inquisition was given full powers to root out Protestantism as heresy.

Inquisition put an end to Renaissance- Italy’s thinkers had to obey the Church in all things. The Church made an example of the scientist Galileo.

Ignatius Loyola founded the Jesuits or Society of Jesus in 1534 to combat Protestantism.

They stressed education and founded colleges in Europe combining humanist values with Catholic theology.

Scientific Revolution – Understand how it compared to the thinking of the Middle Ages and how it changed history and it what ways

Copernicus

Kepler

Galileo

Vesalius

Newton

**Know the new inventions of the Scientific Revolution