Bio-Chemistry(AKAOrganicChemistry)

1.

:frommineralsor non-livingsource.

2.:contain

comefroma livingthing.

3.Carboncancombine with otherelementstoformmillionsofcompounds.

4.SimplestOrganicCompoundisCH4(Methane)

Bio-Chemistry(AKAOrganicChemistry)

VOCABULARYALERT!

1.:longchainsofcarbonmoleculesor.

2.

3.Example:

:the

ofapolymer.

a)Abeadnecklace=Polymer

b)IndividualBead=Monomer

OrganicMolecules

1.Thereare4ORGANICMOLECULESthatareessentialforalllife

a)

b)

c)

d)

Carbohydrates

1.CARBOHYDRATESare!

2.Theyare composedof theatoms:

a)(C),

(O),and

(H)

i.CARB+O+HYDRATE

3.Elements:

a)

b)RatioofH:Ois

4.Function:

Carbohydrates

1.Polymersmadeof

whichscientistscall

2.Monosaccharide(definition)-1sugarmolecule

3.Polysaccharide(definition)- polymer ofsugar molecules

Monomer=Monosaccharides

1.

a)Monosaccharide:simplestsugar

i.______, Fructose, Galactose, Ribose

ii.Allmonosaccharides= ()

iii.- molecules with same molecular formula, but different chemical structure

Examples of Isomers–

1.

2.

Disaccharides

1.

monosaccharidescombinetoform

i.Glucose+Fructose=SUCROSE(tablesugar)

ii.Glucose+Galactose=LACTOSE(milksugar)

iii.Alldisaccharides=C6H12O6

Polymer=Polysaccharides

1.Manymonosaccharidescombinetoform______(polymer)

a)Polysaccharide:

Lipids

i.

ii. iii.

iv.

–madebyplantstostoreenergy

Potatoes,corn,crackers

–madebymammalsusedtostoreenergy

–made byplantsusedforstructureandform()

Cornkernels,celery,lettuceiv.

–structuralmolecule(funguscellwallinsectexoskeletons)

Photosynthesis Equation ______

Cellular Respiration Equation ______

1.LIPIDSare!

2.Elements:

a)

b)RatioofH:Ois

3.Building Blocks(monomers):

4.Polymersoflipids arecalled______

Lipids

Lipids

Lipids

1.LipidFunctions:

a)

b)Majorcomponentofthe

i.

c)Examples:BeefFat(C15H112O6),Oils,Wax,

1.Lipids areINSOLUBLEin water

a)

1.2TypesofFats:

a)Fats:BAD(dairy,meat,lard, butter)

b)Fats:GOOD (nuts,avocadoes,oils)

Proteins

1.Elements:

a.BuildingBlocks(monomer):

b.

c.Aminoacidsarebondedtogetherwithbonds

2.Function:

a.

b.

Whatcanproteinsdo?Whatcan'ttheydo!

1.areproteinsthatmakesurethatchemical reactionsinyourbodytakeplaceuptoamilliontimesfasterthan theywouldwithout enzymes.

2.areproteinsthathelpyourimmunesystemtofightdisease.

3.Whenyougetabooboo,thebleedingstopsbecauseof

,thanks tothe proteinsfibrinogenandthrombin.

4.

a)Form

!

(pores)incellmembranesthatwill

letonlyspecific molecules(or ions)through.

b)______,aproteininyourblood,carriesoxygenfrom yourlungstoyourcellsandtakesCO2 awayfromcells.

5.!

a)Collagenandkeratinare strongandtoughandmakeupyour.

6.!Theproteinsmyosinandactinmakeupmuchofyour

tissue.They worktogethersoyourmusclescanmoveyouaround.

7.–signalscellstotakeinsugar fromtheblood

8.Proteinsgivetissueandorgans

andcarryoutcell

Enzymes

a)metabolismchemicalreactionsinlivingorganisms

1.ENZYMESareatypeofproteinthatand take less

(orlowering)amountofenergyto start()

2.Enzymescaneither

a)Breakfooddown

b)AssemblechainsofDNA

moleculesapartor

moleculestogether

Enzymes

1.Themoleculethatanenzymeinteractswithiscalleda

a)Enzyme-substratereaction

2.Enzymesarevery

a)Eachenzymeinteractswith

i.Likea____

inhowtheywork specificsubstrate

ora puzzlepiece

3.Enzymesareconserved(notusedup) inthereaction

a)Theycanbe reusedcontinuously

i.Enzyme–doesn’tchange

ii.Substrate–changedbytheenzyme

Enzymes

1.Manyenzymesworkbestata

2.Ifenzymesareheatedtoomuchtheywill andstop working altogether

EnzymesActingOnCarbohydrates

enzyme Substrate(s) ------Product(s)

amylase

starch(+H2O) ------maltose

maltase

maltose(+H2O)------> glucose+ glucose

sucrase

sucrose(+H2O)------glucose+fructose

lactase

lactose(+H2O) ------glucose+glactose

EnzymesActingonProteins

enzyme Substrate(s) ------Product(s)

pepsinase

proteins(+H2O) ------polypeptides

renninase

Liquid milk proteins(+H2O) ------coagulated mildsolids

EnzymesActing on Lipids

enzyme Substrate(s) ------Product(s)

lipase

Fats/oils(+H2O)------fattyacids+glycerol

(fallapart)

NucleicAcids

1.Elements:

2.Building Blocks:

3.

a)Foundinthe

4.Function:

ofthe cell

a)

b)

c)

DNA(DeoxyribonucleicAcid) RNA(RibonucleicAcid)

NucleicAcids

1.NUCLEICACIDS arethemoleculesthatmake

2.Nucleicacidsaremadeof

3.NucleotideStructure:

a)

b)

c)

!

(monomer)

4.Elements:

ImportantNucleicAcids

–

–

atomsallpresent

formaking ofinstructionsfrom