BIO392 Review of Fundamental Chemistry Due 9/1/2006
Answers must be typed. Include name, above title, and date and time of lab on assignment.
- Compare and contrast the terms ion and atom.
- What is the difference between a molecule and a compound?
- For each of the following, state the # of electrons in the outermost electron shell, the number of protons in the nucleus, and its atomic mass: H, Na, O, C, Li, K.
- Define the following and identify the importance of each:
- Covalent bond
- Ionic Bond
- Hydrogen Bond
- What is an organic molecule? How is it different from other molecules?
- What are the four main types of organic molecules? What is each used for?
- What is a condensation reaction (AKA dehydration synthesis)?
- What is hydrolysis?
- Outline the reaction involved in linking two amino acids together. What is the byproduct of this reaction? Where are electrons shared between the newly linked sub-units?
- Outline the reaction involved in linking a fatty acid to glycerol. What is the byproduct of this reaction? Where are electrons shared between the newly liked sub-units?
- Outline the reaction involved in linking two simple sugars (e.g., two glucose molecules). What is the byproduct of this reaction? Where are electrons shared between the newly liked sub-units?
- Outline the reaction involved in linking two nucleotides together in a nucleic acid. What is the byproduct of this reaction? Where are electrons shared between the newly liked sub-units?
- Explain why water and oil don’t mix will. That is, why don’t the two dissolve well in each other?
- What type of molecule would easily cross the membrane of a cell?
- For the solutions in the table...
- ... what are the molarities or g% (whichever isn’t shown)?
- ... what are the predicted osmolarities?
Molarity / g%
NaCl / 0.5%
CaCl2 / 5 mM
Glucose / 1.67M
KCl / 0.022%
- ... which are isosmotic/hyosmotic/hyperosmotic relative to blood plasma (300 mOsm)?