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Chapter 8 Employee Behavior and Motivation
1) Performance behaviors contribute directly to company productivity.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Performance is related to how well a job is done.
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.1
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
2) In terms of a psychological contract, inducements represent what employees will contribute to an organization.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Inducements represent what will motivate employees to do well.
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.3
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
3) According to the classical theory of motivation, attention from the supervisor is more of a motivator than money.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: According to the classical theory of motivation, money is a more fundamental motivating factor.
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.4
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
4) The two-factor theory examines the relationship between effort and performance.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Two-factor theory examines the contributors to motivation.
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.4
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
5) According to expectancy theory, people are motivated to work toward rewards that they want and that they believe they have a reasonable chance of obtaining.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Expectancy theory deals with an employee's perceived ability to reach goals.
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.4
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
6) With job rotation, conventional office space is redesigned to accommodate jobs that are less dependent on assigned spaces.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Job rotation deals with assigning different duties, not rearranging office space.
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.5
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
7) When people feel they are being inequitably treated, they are likely to ask for raises, increase their efforts, and work longer hours.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: When people feel they are being inequitably treated, they are likely to lose motivation.
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.4
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
8) The essence behind management by objectives (MBO) is that performance goals are used to direct and motivate behavior.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: MBO involves employees and managers in goal-setting.
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.5
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
9) Participation and empowerment work more effectively in large firms than in small firms.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Participation and empowerment work effectively in both large and small firms.
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.5
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
10) Job rotation is a form of job enrichment.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Job rotation gives employees opportunities to try different jobs that may represent growth opportunities.
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.5
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
11) With job sharing, companies often experience increased turnover.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Job sharing gives employees opportunities to work part-time when they might not otherwise have been able to.
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.5
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
12) Hygiene factors affect motivation only if they are absent or fail to meet expectations.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Hygiene factors likely do not make us satisfied, but do keep us from becoming dissatisfied when they are present or suitable.
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: 8.4
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
13) Motivation factors are directly related to the work that employees perform; hygiene factors refer to the environment in which they work.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Once hygiene factors are acceptable, managers can offer motivation factors.
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: 8.4
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
14) For an individual to feel equitably treated, his ratio of contribution to return must be the same as the other individual's ratio with whom he or she is comparing.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The ratios do not have to be the same, only fair.
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: 8.4
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
15) MBO involves managers and subordinates in setting goals and evaluating progress.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: As workers become more adept at what they do, rewards can be used less frequently.
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: 8.5
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
16) Individuals may satisfy social needs by making and maintaining friendships at work.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Social needs are the mid-level needs in the hierarchy.
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: 8.4
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
17) Equity theory is based on the premise that workers prefer a workplace where all employees are paid equally.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Equity theory focuses on people evaluating their treatment by the organization relative to the treatment of others.
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: 8.4
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
18) Positive reinforcement is used when a company or manager provides a reward when employees exhibit desired behaviors.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: As workers become more adept at what they do, rewards can be used less frequently.
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: 8.5
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
19) According to many experts, motivational impact is the biggest advantage of MBO.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: When employees sit down with managers to set goals, they learn more about companywide objectives, come to feel that they are an important part of a team, and see how they can improve companywide performance by reaching their own goals.
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: 8.5
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
20) The use of teams can increase motivation and job satisfaction.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: On one level, employees may be given decision-making responsibility for certain narrow activities; on a broader level, they may be consulted on such decisions as production scheduling, work procedures, hiring, etc.
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: 8.5
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
21) Balancing anxiety, fear, and anger so that they do not overly interfere with getting things accomplished is a part of emotional intelligence.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Managing emotions, which is one dimension of emotional intelligence, refers to a person's capacities to balance anxiety, fear, and anger so that they do not overly interfere with getting things accomplished.
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: 8.2
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
22) According to research, emotional intelligence cannot be developed or learned.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Research shows that emotional intelligence can be developed.
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: 8.2
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
23) Organizational commitment reflects an individual's identification with the organization and its mission.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Attitudes can be formed by our personal values, experiences, and personalities; any of the "big five" personality traits can influence our attitudes.
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: 8.1
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
24) What is the term for behavior that is related to doing a certain job?
A) performance behavior
B) interpersonal behavior
C) disruptive behavior
D) potential behavior
E) assertive behavior
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Performance behaviors are the total set of work-related behaviors that an organization expects employees to display.
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.1
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
25) Which would an employee who is productive but refuses to help others or the organization be lacking in?
A) organizational citizenship
B) workplace aggression
C) performance behavior
D) personal productivity
E) self-esteem
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Good organizational citizenship includes such factors as being willing to work overtime and to help orient new employees.
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: 8.1
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
26) Behaviors that detract from, instead of contribute to, organizational performance are known as what?
A) inclusive
B) negative reinforcement
C) counterproductive
D) turnover
E) associative
Answer: C
Explanation: C) The prefix counter- means "against," and so counterproductive behaviors work against production and organizational performance.
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.1
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
27) Which of the following is NOT a central aspect of organizational citizenship?
A) reporting structure
B) corporate culture
C) workgroup attitude
D) business field
E) team composition
Answer: D
Explanation: D) The qualities that make a good organizational citizen, such as willingness to work overtime if asked, are common across business fields.
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: 8.1
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
28) What does turnover refer to?
A) people quitting their jobs
B) managers reprimanding staff
C) employers cutting down costs
D) employees calling in sick
E) benefits being improved
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Turnover is counterproductive because a business must hire a replacement and, in the meantime, other employees have to complete the work of the employee who has left.
Difficulty: Easy
Objective: 8.1
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
29) Which of the following would have the lowest cost to an organization?
A) absenteeism
B) workplace violence
C) sexual harassment
D) theft
E) racism
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Although absenteeism does have a cost to the organization, its cost is lower than the monetary and emotional cost of workplace violence, the cost of potential lawsuits from sexual harassment or racism (both in dollars and in lost reputation), and the cost of theft, which can run into the millions.
Difficulty: Difficult
Objective: 8.1
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
30) Which of these behaviors BEST indicates good organizational citizenship?
A) being willing to help new employees
B) asking for a pay raise
C) meeting job performance standards
D) keeping regular hours
E) using office supplies for business use
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Good employee citizenship is more than simply showing up and doing the job, but extends to improving and supporting other workers and the organization.
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: 8.1
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
31) Which of these is one of the "big five" personality traits?
A) openness
B) logic
C) creativity
D) organization
E) musical talent
Answer: A
Explanation: A) The "big five" personality traits (agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotionality, extroversion, and openness) can be viewed as continuums that run from high levels of the trait to low levels of the trait.
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: 8.2
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
32) What is emotionality?
A) the ability of a person to get along with others
B) the degree to which someone tends to be positive or negative
C) the number of things a person tries to accomplish at once
D) the relative rigidity of an individual's beliefs
E) the likelihood that a person will react aggressively
Answer: B
Explanation: B) Emotionality is a continuum of positivity and negativity.
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: 8.2
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
33) Which of the following might you, as a manager, expect to see in an employee who has a low degree of conscientiousness?
A) a tendency to be unprepared at meetings
B) an inability to work in a team setting
C) a tendency toward mood swings
D) a high level of comfort with other people
E) an ability to meet deadlines without fail
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Conscientious employees tend to be thorough and organized and would not arrive at a meeting unprepared.
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: 8.2
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Application
34) You need to assign a task to one of your employees. The task involves a high level of detail. To whom should you assign the task?
A) Amy, who exhibits high agreeableness and low conscientiousness
B) David, who exhibits more negative emotionality and low agreeableness
C) Sarah, who exhibits high openness and low negative emotionality
D) Winston, who exhibits high conscientiousness and low extraversion
E) Liza, who exhibits high creativity and low negative emotionality
Answer: D
Explanation: D) Winston is your most conscientious employee and will probably excel at the task.
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: 8.2
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Application
35) The extent to which people are self-aware is an aspect of which of the following?
A) attitude
B) emotional intelligence
C) negative emotionality
D) social skills
E) empathy
Answer: B
Explanation: B) Self-awareness, including recognizing and controlling one's emotions, is an important aspect of emotional intelligence.
Difficulty: Moderate
Objective: 8.2
Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors that affect motivation and behavior in the workplace.
Skill: Concept
36) An employee with a low level of social skills would be unlikely to do which of the following?
A) be very detail oriented
B) circulate a get-well card
C) produce creative work
D) work well independently