2016 VDOT Road and Bridge Specifications
SECTION 101—DEFINITIONS OF ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, AND TERMS 6
SECTION 102BIDDING REQUIREMENTS AND CONDITIONS 18
SECTION 103—AWARD AND EXECUTION OF CONTRACTS 25
SECTION 104—SCOPE OF WORK 30
SECTION 105—CONTROL OF WORK 33
SECTION 106—CONTROL OF MATERIAL 57
SECTION 107— LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES 65
SECTION 108—PROSECUTION AND PROGRESS OF WORK 96
SECTION 109—MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT 106
SECTION 200—GENERAL 121
SECTION 201—MINERAL FILLER 124
SECTION 202—FINE AGGREGATE 125
SECTION 203—COARSE AGGREGATE 127
SECTION 204—STONE FOR MASONRY, RIPRAP, POROUS BACKFILL, AND GABIONS 130
SECTION 205—CRUSHER RUN AGGREGATE 131
SECTION 206—LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE 133
SECTION 207—SELECT MATERIAL 134
SECTION 208—SUBBASE AND AGGREGATE BASE MATERIAL 138
SECTION 209—OPEN-GRADED SHOULDER MATERIAL 143
SECTION 210—ASPHALT MATERIALS 144
SECTION 211—ASPHALT CONCRETE 150
SECTION 212—JOINT MATERIALS 169
SECTION 213—DAMP-PROOFING AND WATERPROOFING MATERIALS 176
SECTION 214—HYDRAULIC CEMENT 177
SECTION 215—HYDRAULIC CEMENT CONCRETE ADMIXTURES 178
SECTION 216—WATER FOR USE WITH CEMENT OR LIME 180
SECTION 217—HYDRAULIC CEMENT CONCRETE 181
SECTION 218—HYDRAULIC CEMENT MORTAR AND GROUT 200
SECTION 219—RIGHT-OF-WAY MONUMENTS 201
SECTION 220—CONCRETE CURING MATERIALS 202
SECTION 221—GUARDRAIL 204
SECTION 222—MASONRY UNITS 206
SECTION 223—STEEL REINFORCEMENT 207
SECTION 224—CASTINGS 209
SECTION 225—STEEL FORGINGS AND STEEL SHAFTING 210
SECTION 226—STRUCTURAL STEEL 211
SECTION 227—STEEL GRID FLOORING 214
SECTION 228—STEEL PILES 215
SECTION 229—ALUMINUM ALLOY 216
SECTION 230—BRONZE AND COPPER ALLOY 217
SECTION 231—PAINT 218
SECTION 232—PIPE AND PIPE ARCHES 223
SECTION 233—GALVANIZING 228
SECTION 234—GLASS BEADS FOR REFLECTORIZING TRAFFIC MARKINGS 229
SECTION 235—RETROREFLECTORS 230
SECTION 236—WOOD PRODUCTS 232
SECTION 237—STRUCTURE BEDDING MATERIAL AND BEARING PADS 234
SECTION 238—ELECTRICAL AND SIGNAL COMPONENTS 237
SECTION 239—SODIUM CHLORIDE AND CALCIUM CHLORIDE 244
SECTION 240—LIME 245
SECTION 241—FLY ASH 246
SECTION 242—FENCES 247
SECTION 243—EPOXY-RESIN SYSTEMS 251
SECTION 244—ROADSIDE DEVELOPMENT MATERIALS 257
SECTION 245—GEOSYNTHETICS AND LOW PERMEABILITY LINERS 274
SECTION 246—PAVEMENT MARKING 278
SECTION 247—REFLECTIVE SHEETING 294
SECTION 248—STONE MATRIX ASPHALT CONCRETE 298
SECTION 249—FLOWABLE BACKFILL 304
SECTION 250 - CARBON FIBER MESH 305
SECTION 251 - GALVANIC ANODES 306
SECTION 252 - GRAVITY-FILL POLYMER CRACK SEALERS 307
SECTION 301—CLEARING AND GRUBBING 308
SECTION 302—DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 310
SECTION 303—EARTHWORK 325
SECTION 304—CONSTRUCTING DENSITY CONTROL STRIPS 343
SECTION 305—SUBGRADE AND SHOULDERS 345
SECTION 306—LIME STABILIZATION 349
SECTION 307—HYDRAULIC CEMENT STABILIZATION 352
SECTION 308—SUBBASE COURSE 357
SECTION 309—AGGREGATE BASE COURSE 359
SECTION 310—TACK COAT 361
SECTION 311—PRIME COAT 364
SECTION 312—SEAL COAT 366
SECTION 313—ASPHALT-STABILIZED OPEN-GRADED MATERIAL 368
SECTION 314—PENETRATION SURFACE COURSES 371
SECTION 315—ASPHALT CONCRETE PLACEMENT 374
SECTION 316—HYDRAULIC CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT 387
SECTION 317— STONE MATRIX ASPHALT CONCRETE PLACEMENT 398
SECTION 401—STRUCTURE EXCAVATION 402
SECTION 402—SHEET PILES 407
SECTION 403—BEARING PILES 409
SECTION 404—HYDRAULIC CEMENT CONCRETE OPERATIONS 426
SECTION 405—PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 442
SECTION 406—REINFORCING STEEL 451
SECTION 407—STEEL AND OTHER METAL STRUCTURES 454
SECTION 408—BEARING DEVICES AND ANCHORS 468
SECTION 409—STEEL GRID FLOORS 483
SECTION 410—RAILINGS AND PARAPETS 485
SECTION 411—PROTECTIVE COATING OF METAL IN STRUCTURES 488
SECTION 412—WIDENING, REPAIRING, AND RECONSTRUCTING EXISTING STRUCTURES 504
SECTION 413—DISMANTLING AND REMOVING EXISTING STRUCTURES OR REMOVING PORTIONS OF EXISTING STRUCTURES 525
SECTION 414—RIPRAP 528
SECTION 415—CONCRETE SLOPE PROTECTION 533
SECTION 416—WATERPROOFING 535
SECTION 417—DAMP-PROOFING 537
SECTION 418—TIMBER STRUCTURES 538
SECTION 419—BRIDGE CONDUIT SYSTEMS AND LIGHTING SYSTEMS 542
SECTION 420—ADHESIVE-BASED JOINT SEALING SYSTEMS 543
SECTION 421—ELASTOMERIC EXPANSION DAMS 546
SECTION 422—NAVIGATION LIGHTS 547
SECTION 423 – TOOTH EXPANSION JOINT ASSEMBLY 548
SECTION 424 - ASPHALT PLUG JOINTS 549
SECTION 425—RIGID CONCRETE BRIDGE DECK OVERLAYS 552
SECTION 426—REPAIRING EXISTING STEEL STRUCTURES 559
SECTION 427—SILICONE JOINT SEALANTS 569
SECTION 428—CONCRETE SURFACE PENETRANT SEALER 572
SECTION 429—BRIDGE DECK WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE SYSTEMS 573
SECTION 430—NBIS INSPECTION USING UNDER BRIDGE INSPECTION DEVICE 582
SECTION 431—EPOXY BRIDGE DECK OVERLAYS 584
SECTION 501—UNDERDRAINS, CROSSDRAINS, AND EDGEDRAINS 587
SECTION 502—INCIDENTAL CONCRETE ITEMS 590
SECTION 503—CONTRACTOR BOUNDARY SURVEYING 597
SECTION 504—SIDEWALKS, STEPS, AND HANDRAILS 599
SECTION 505—GUARDRAIL AND W-BEAM MEDIAN BARRIERS 603
SECTION 506—RETAINING WALLS 609
SECTION 507—FENCES 612
SECTION 508—DEMOLITION OF PAVEMENT AND OBSCURING ROADWAY 615
SECTION 509—FLOWABLE BACKFILL PLACEMENT 617
SECTION 510—RELOCATING OR MODIFYING EXISTING MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS 618
SECTION 511—ALLAYING DUST 619
SECTION 512—MAINTAINING TRAFFIC 620
SECTION 513—MOBILIZATION 641
SECTION 514 – FIELD OFFICE 642
SECTION 515—PLANING OR MILLING PAVEMENT 646
SECTION 516—DEMOLITION OF BUILDINGS AND CLEARING PARCELS 649
SECTION 517—CONTRACTOR CONSTRUCTION SURVEYING 651
SECTION 518—TRAINEES ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS 656
SECTION 519—SOUND BARRIER WALLS 658
SECTION 520—WATER AND SANITARY SEWER FACILITIES 668
SECTION 521—MAILBOX POST 678
SECTION 601—SELECTIVE TREE REMOVAL, TRIMMING, AND CLEANUP 679
SECTION 602—TOPSOIL 680
SECTION 603—SEEDING 681
SECTION 604—SODDING 685
SECTION 605 – PLANTING 687
SECTION 606—ROLLED EROSION CONTROL PRODUCTS (RECP) 701
SECTION 607—HERBICIDE SPRAYING 703
SECTION 608—MOWING 704
SECTION 609—TREE WELLS AND TREE WALLS 705
SECTION 610—GABIONS 706
SECTION 700—GENERAL 708
SECTION 701—TRAFFIC SIGNS 727
SECTION 702—DELINEATORS 732
SECTION 703—TRAFFIC SIGNALS 735
SECTION 704—PAVEMENT MARKINGS AND MARKERS 768
SECTION 705—LIGHTING SYSTEMS 776
SECTION 801 – ITS INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS 780
SECTION 802 - UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY FOR ITS APPLICATIONS 797
SECTION 803 - CCTV VIDEO EQUIPMENT 801
SECTION 804 – DYNAMIC MESSAGE SIGNS 817
SECTION 805 – VEHICLE DETECTION AND DATA COLLECTION 845
SECTION 806 - ENVIRONMENTAL SENSOR STATIONS 855
SECTION 807 – WIRELESS TRANSCEIVERS 863
SECTION 808 - FIBER OPTIC CABLE AND INTERCONNECT 873
SECTION 809 – MANAGED FIELD ETHERNET SWITCH 882
SECTION 810 - PRIMARY NETWORK SWITCH AND LAYER 3 FIELD AGGREGATION ETHERNET SWITCH 887
SECTION 811 – ETHERNET TERMINAL SERVER 898
SECTION 812 - ITS CONDUIT 902
SECTION 101—DEFINITIONS OF ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, AND TERMS
101.01—Abbreviations and Acronyms
In these Specifications and other Contract Documents, the following abbreviations and acronyms shall be interpreted as follows:
AAR / Association of American RailroadsAASHTO / American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
ABS / Acrylonitrilebutadienestyrene (an elastomer)
AC / Alternating current
ACI / American Concrete Institute
ADT / Annual average daily traffic
AED / Associated Equipment Distributors
AISC / American Institute of Steel Construction
AISI / American Iron and Steel Institute
ANSI / American National Standards Institute
APA / Engineered Wood Association
API / American Petroleum Institute; American Pipe Institute
ASCE / American Society of Civil Engineers
ASME / American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASTM / American Society for Testing and Materials
AWG / American wire gage
AWPA / American Wood Preservers Association
AWS / American Welding Society
AWWA / American Water Works Association
BOCA / Building Officials and Code Administrators
C / Celsius, when preceded by "degree(s)"
CABB / Contractor Advertisement Bulletin Board
CBR / California bearing ratio
CRSI / Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute
DBE / Disadvantaged Business Enterprise
DC / Direct current
DHV / Design hourly volume
ECTC / Erosion Control Technology Council
EEI / Edison Electric Institute
EEO / Equal employment opportunity
EIA / Electronic Industries Alliance
EPA / Environmental Protection Agency
EPDM / Ethylenepropylenedienemonomer (an elastomer)
ESCCC / Erosion and Sediment Control Contractor Certification
F / Fahrenheit, when preceded by "degree(s)"
F/A / Filler/asphalt ratio
FHWA / Federal Highway Administration
FS / Federal Specifications, General Services Administration
ICEA / Insulated Cable Engineers Association
IMSA / International Municipal Signal Association
ITE / Institute of Transportation Engineers
LCD / Liquid crystal display
LPG / Liquid petroleum gas
MBE / Minority Business Enterprise
MEKP / Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
MIL / Military specifications
MSDS / Materials Safety Data Sheet
MUTCD / Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways and the Virginia supplement to same
NEC / National Electrical Code
NEMA / National Electrical Manufacturers Association
NIST / National Institute of Standards and Technology
NOAA / National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NRC / Nuclear Regulatory Commission
PCI / Precast / Prestressed Concrete Institute
PE / Polyethylene
PTL / Plywood Testing Laboratory
PVC / Polyvinylchloride
PVF / Polyvinylfluoride
SAE / Society of Automotive Engineers
SP / Special Provision
SPCN / Special Provision Copied Note
SPIB / Southern Pine Inspection Bureau
SS / Supplemental Specification
SSPC / Society for Protective Coatings
SWPPP / Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
TAPPI / Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry
TFE / Polytetrafluoroethylene
TIE / Ticket Information Exchange (Miss Utility)
UL / Underwriters’ Laboratories, Inc.
VAC / Volts alternating current
VDC / Volts direct current
VDOT / Virginia Department of Transportation
VEP / Value engineering proposal
VFA / Voids filled with asphalt
VMA / Voids in mineral aggregate
VOSH / Virginia Occupational Safety and Health
VTM / Virginia Test Methods; voids in total mix
VWAPM / Virginia Work Area Protection Manual
WBE / Women Business Enterprise
101.02—Terms
In these Specifications and other Contract Documents, the following terms and pronouns used in place of them shall be interpreted as follows:
-A-
Adjustment. An increase or decrease in the Contract amount or in the Contract time, unless the context dictates otherwise.
Advertisement, Notice of. A public announcement, as required by law, inviting bids for work to be performed or materials to be furnished that indicates, among other terms and conditions, approximate quantities of work to be performed, location of work to be performed, character and quantity of materials to be furnished, and time and place for opening bids.
Affiliate. Any business entity that is closely associated to another business entity so that one has the power to control the other either directly or indirectly; or, where one business entity systematically shares resources, officers, and/or other management with another business entity to the extent that a business relationship legally exists or is publicly perceived to exist; or, when a third party has the power to control both; or, where one business entity has been so closely allied with another through an established course of dealings, including but not limited to the lending of financial wherewithal or engaging in joint ventures, so as to cause a public perception that the two firms are one entity.
Alkali soil. Soil in which total alkali chlorides calculated as sodium chloride are more than 0.10 percent based on total solids.
Award. The decision of the Board or Commissioner to accept the bid of the lowest responsive and responsible bidder for the Work or such other criteria set forth in the solicitation. The award of the Contract is subject to the execution and approval of a satisfactory Contract for the Work, and such other approvals and conditions as may be specified or required by law.
Award date. The date on which the decision is made by the Board or Commissioner to accept the bid or proposal of the lowest responsive and responsible bidder or such other criteria set forth in the solicitation.
-B-
Backfill. Material used to replace or the act of replacing material removed during construction; may also denote material placed or the act of placing material adjacent to structures.
Balance point. The approximate point, based on estimated shrinkage or swell, where the quantity of earthwork excavation and borrow, if required, is equal to the quantity of embankment material plus any surplus excavation material.
Base course. A layer of material of specified thickness on which the intermediate or surface course is placed.
Base flood. The flood or tide having a one percent chance of being exceeded in any given year.
Bid. The offer of a bidder, submitted by electronic proposal (or on paper if so specified in the Proposal) to perform the Work and furnish the materials, equipment, and labor at the prices set forth therein; valid only when properly signed and guaranteed.
Bidder. Any individual, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, or joint venture that formally submits a bid for the work contemplated, or for any portion thereof, acting directly or through a duly authorized representative.
Bids, Invitation for. See Advertisement, Notice of.
Board. Commonwealth Transportation Board.
Borrow. Suitable material not available from designated Regular Excavation or other sources of useable materials on-site that is used primarily for embankment.
Brackish water. Water in which total alkali chlorides calculated as sodium chloride are more than 0.10 percent based on total solids.
Bridge. A structure, including supports, that is erected over a depression or an obstruction, such as water, a highway, or a railway, that has a track or passageway for carrying traffic.
Bridge lift. A layer of fill material placed in excess of standard depth over an area that does not support the weight of hauling equipment and for which compaction effort is not required.
Business. Any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, firm, association, individual, or sole proprietorship operated for profit.
-C-
Calendar day. Any day shown on the calendar, including Saturday and Sunday, beginning at 12:01 a.m. and ending at midnight.
Camber. A vertical curvature induced or fabricated into beams or girders and a deck slab or slab span formwork; a vertical curvature set in the grade line of a pipe culvert to accommodate differential settlement.
Change Order. Previously known as a Work Order. A written order (Form C-10) signed by the Engineer to incorporate changes, alterations or other modifications into the Contract. A Change Order may be used to add, modify, or delete: pay items, Contract time, Contract Documents, or other terms of the Contract. Change Orders may be issued on a bilateral or unilateral basis. The term change order means bilateral Change Order, except where the Change Order is designated or understood from the context as being a unilateral Change Order.
Bilateral Change Order. A written change order signed by both the Engineer and the Contractor where the Engineer and Contractor agree upon the scope, the cost, and the time adjustment for the proposed change, alteration, or other modification to the Contract. Form C-10 shall be used to modify the contract to include the approved change. This type of change order is what is typically meant when the term change order is used elsewhere in Department publications.
Unilateral Change Order. A written change order signed only by the Engineer used to effect a change, alteration, or other modification to the Contract when the Engineer and the Contractor cannot agree upon the scope, the cost, or the time estimation of the proposed change, alteration, or other modification to the Contract or where due to issues of emergency, safety, environmental damage, or other similar critical factors the Department must act quickly and unilaterally to effect the change. In these cases, the Department must act unilaterally to establish a scope, cost, or time adjustment for, the change, alteration, or other modification to the Contract. Form C-10 shall be used to modify the contract to include the approved change.