Copyright 2011 Pearson Canada Inc

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Copyright © 2011 Pearson Canada Inc.

Chapter 01: What Is Criminology?
1. / Crime, like other social events and experiences, is fundamentally a social construction.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 34
Question ID: / 01-01 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / a.True
2. / Crime is human conduct in violation of the jurisdiction that has the power to make such laws.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 4
Question ID: / 01-02 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / a.True
3. / The Pluralistic Perspective maintains that law is a tool of power that serves to further the interests of those powerful enough to make the laws.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 2 / Page-Reference: / 16-17
Question ID: / 01-03 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / b.False
4. / The V-Chip was invented by Canadian electrical engineering professor Tim Collins.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 2 / Page-Reference: / 28
Question ID: / 01-04 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / a.True
5. / One social phenomenon is the primacy of the sociological perspective in today's criminological enterprise.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 2 / Page-Reference: / 39
Question ID: / 01-05 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / a.True
6. / All wrongdoing is crime.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 2 / Page-Reference: / 8
Question ID: / 01-06 / Skill: / Applied
Answer : / b.False
7. / Individuals never contribute to their own victimization.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 36
Question ID: / 01-07 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / b.False
8. / Quantitative methods or techniques produce measurable results that can be analyzed statistically.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 24
Question ID: / 01-08 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / a.True
9. / Public policing provides a possible career track for individuals interested in criminology.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 9
Question ID: / 01-09 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / a.True
10. / Criminality is a behavioural predisposition that disproportionately favours criminal activity.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 13
Question ID: / 01-10 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / a.True
11. / The criminal event is ultimately a result of the coming together of inputs provided by the offender, victim, society, and justice system.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 35
Question ID: / 01-11 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / a.True
12. / Survey research typically involves the use of questionnaires.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 23
Question ID: / 01-12 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / a.True
13. / The social problems perspective considers the cause of crime to be individual perpetrators.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 30
Question ID: / 01-13 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / b.False
14. / Theoretical criminology, rather than just describing crime and its occurrence, posits explanations for criminal behaviour.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 14
Question ID: / 01-14 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / a.True
15. / The concepts contained within a hypothesis must be translated into measurable variables.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 21
Question ID: / 01-15 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / a.True
16. / Society's less formal contributions to crime arise out of generic social practices and conditions such as poverty, poor and informal education, various forms of discrimination by which pathways to success are blocked, and the socialization process.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 37
Question ID: / 01-16 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / a.True
17. / The primary significance of crime and of criminal behaviour is fundamentally social in nature, and any control over crime must stem from effective social policy.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 2 / Page-Reference: / 40
Question ID: / 01-17 / Skill: / Applied
Answer : / a.True
18. / Done properly, research can be totally free of preconceptions and biases.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 26
Question ID: / 01-18 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / b.False
19. / The social responsibility perspective becomes increasingly popular when society's fear of crime is high.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 31
Question ID: / 01-19 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / a.True
20. / The contributions made by society to crime are complex and far reaching.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 2 / Page-Reference: / 38
Question ID: / 01-20 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / a.True
21. / The ultimate goal of research in criminology is the construction of theories that allow for better understanding of criminal behaviour.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 18
Question ID: / 01-21 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / a.True
22. / A statute is an informal written enactment of a legislative body.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 5
Question ID: / 01-22 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / b.False
23. / Common law refers to nonstatutory customs, traditions, and precedents that help guide judicial decision-making.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 5
Question ID: / 01-23 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / a.True
24. / A crime requires the victim to be an active participant.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 36
Question ID: / 01-24 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / b.False
25. / Society's fear of crime is directly related to the actual incidence of crime.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 30
Question ID: / 01-25 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / b.False
26. / Qualitative methods refer to research techniques that produce subjective results or results that are difficult to quantify.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 24
Question ID: / 01-26 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / a.True
27. / To be successfully integrated, criminology must bring together the contributions of two theoretical perspectives and disciplines.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 2 / Page-Reference: / 13
Question ID: / 01-27 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / b.False
28. / Although Canadian crime rates have been declining steadily for more than a decade, concern over issues of personal and national security remain pervasive.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 29
Question ID: / 01-28 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / a.True
29. / A variable is a concept that can undergo measurable changes.
a. / True
b. / False
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 21
Question ID: / 01-29 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / a.True
30. / The ______perspective of criminology holds that many values and beliefs exist in any society but that most people agree on the usefulness of law as a formal means of dispute resolution.
a. / integrated
b. / conflict
c. / pluralistic
d. / consensus
e. / sociological
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 16
Question ID: / 01-30 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / c.pluralistic
31. / ______research consists of new evaluations of existing information that has already been collected by other researchers.
a. / Primary
b. / Secondary
c. / Pure
d. / Applied
e. / Descriptive
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 20
Question ID: / 01-31 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / b.Secondary
32. / ______, one of the best-known North American criminologists of the twentieth century, suggested that criminology consists of three "principal divisions."
a. / Edwin South
b. / Earl Sutherland
c. / Edwin Sutherland
d. / Gregg Barak
e. / Paul Topinard
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 12-13
Question ID: / 01-32 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / c.Edwin Sutherland
33. / The Canadian invention known as ______enables viewers to program their televisions to block out violent or sexually explicit programming.
a. / the Canadarm
b. / the V-chip
c. / the Rigel computer program
d. / ViCLAS
e. / CEPTED
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 28
Question ID: / 01-33 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / b.the V-chip
34. / ______threaten the internal or external validity of any research design.
a. / Research designs
b. / Tests of significance
c. / Hypotheses
d. / Confounding effects
e. / Controlled experiments
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 22
Question ID: / 01-34 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / d.Confounding effects
35. / Which of the following statements about deviance and crime is/are true?
a. / All deviant behaviour is criminal.
b. / All criminal behaviour is deviant.
c. / Deviance and criminal behaviour are identical.
d. / Deviance and criminal behaviour overlap.
e. / Deviance and criminal behaviour do not overlap at all.
Difficulty: / 2 / Page-Reference: / 8
Question ID: / 01-35 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / d.Deviance and criminal behaviour overlap.
36. / ______are built around in-depth investigations into individual cases.
a. / Descriptive statistics
b. / Quasi-experimental designs
c. / Qualitative methods
d. / Case studies
e. / Secondary analysis
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 23
Question ID: / 01-36 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / d.Case studies
37. / Contemporary criminologists generally recognize that their field is ______.
a. / narrowly defined
b. / interdisciplinary
c. / isolated
d. / limited
e. / all-inclusive
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 13
Question ID: / 01-37 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / b.interdisciplinary
38. / ______is behaviour that violates social norms or is statistically different from the "average."
a. / Criminality
b. / Cruelty
c. / Socialization
d. / Deviance
e. / Delinquency
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 8
Question ID: / 01-38 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / d.Deviance
39. / In Canada, the ______perspective of criminal behaviour remains in the forefront of national thinking.
a. / social problems
b. / social context
c. / social responsibility
d. / individual problems
e. / individual context
Difficulty: / 2 / Page-Reference: / 31
Question ID: / 01-39 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / a.social problems
40. / A(n) ______is a series of interrelated propositions that attempt to describe, explain, predict, and ultimately to control some class of events.
a. / concept
b. / variable
c. / theory
d. / hypothesis
e. / research design
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 19
Question ID: / 01-40 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / c.theory
41. / According to the ______perspective, the law serves all people equally.
a. / pluralistic
b. / social conflict
c. / consensus
d. / social problems
e. / social responsibility
Difficulty: / 2 / Page-Reference: / 16
Question ID: / 01-41 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / c.consensus
42. / The social problems perspective holds that crime is a ______.
a. / manifestation of underlying social problems
b. / manifestation of an individual's problems
c. / diminishing problem in society
d. / growing epidemic
e. / governmental problem
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 30
Question ID: / 01-42 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / a.manifestation of underlying social problems
43. / ______structure the research process.
a. / Inferential statistics
b. / Research designs
c. / Descriptive statistics
d. / Tests of significance
e. / Qualitative statistics
Difficulty: / 2 / Page-Reference: / 21
Question ID: / 01-43 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / b.Research designs
44. / Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of society's 'less formal contributions to crime'?
a. / poverty
b. / poor education
c. / discrimination
d. / legislation
e. / socialization
Difficulty: / 2 / Page-Reference: / 37
Question ID: / 01-44 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / d.legislation
45. / A crime provokes reactions from individuals it victimizes, from concerned groups of citizens, from the criminal justice system, and sometimes from society as a whole, which manifests its concerns via ______.
a. / law enforcement crackdown
b. / the enactment of new laws
c. / the creation of social policy
d. / increased media exposure and editorial debate
e. / increased political rhetoric
Difficulty: / 2 / Page-Reference: / 27-28
Question ID: / 01-45 / Skill: / Applied
Answer : / c.the creation of social policy
46. / ______research is characterized by original and direct investigation.
a. / Secondary
b. / Quasi-experimental
c. / Descriptive
d. / Primary
e. / Observational
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 20
Question ID: / 01-46 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / d.Primary
47. / Which form of law originates from usage and custom rather than from written statutes?
a. / Civil law
b. / Administrative law
c. / Criminal law
d. / Common law
e. / Statutory law
Difficulty: / 2 / Page-Reference: / 5
Question ID: / 01-47 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / d.Common law
48. / ______refers to the use of standardized, systematic procedures in the search for knowledge.
a. / External validity
b. / Internal validity
c. / Research
d. / Replicability
e. / Pure research
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 20
Question ID: / 01-48 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / c.Research
49. / The legalistic approach to crime ______.
a. / is found only in countries under totalitarian regimes
b. / is embodied in our complex court system
c. / sees crime solely as conduct in violation of the criminal law
d. / sees crime as a threat to continued self-government
e. / is popular among criminologists
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 5
Question ID: / 01-49 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / c.sees crime solely as conduct in violation of the criminal law
50. / In participant observation research, when researchers make their presence known to those whom they are observing (without attempting to influence the outcome of their observations or the activities of the group), they fit the category of ______.
a. / observer as complete participant
b. / control group observer
c. / participants who are observers
d. / research subject
e. / unobtrusive observer
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 23
Question ID: / 01-50 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / c.participants who are observers
51. / A minor violation of criminal law, sometimes referred to as a misdemeanour, is termed ______.
a. / a felony
b. / an indictable offence
c. / a summary conviction offence
d. / deviance
e. / a hybrid offence
Difficulty: / 2 / Page-Reference: / 5
Question ID: / 01-51 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / c.a summary conviction offence
52. / Criminal justice emphasizes ______.
a. / the study of the components of the justice system
b. / the application of the criminal law
c. / both A and B
d. / the application of use of force techniques
e. / the quantification of officer misdeeds
Difficulty: / 2 / Page-Reference: / 14
Question ID: / 01-52 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / c.both A and B
53. / Police investigative work, forensics laboratory technicians, ballistics experts, computer crime investigators, polygraph operators, crime scene photographers, and prison program directors provide examples of the kinds of jobs available to ______.
a. / judges
b. / pathologists
c. / police officers
d. / teachers
e. / criminologists
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 9
Question ID: / 01-53 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / e.criminologists
54. / ______involves a variety of strategies in data gathering in which the researcher observes a group by participating, to varying degrees, in the activities of that group.
a. / A pretest-posttest control group design
b. / A controlled experiment
c. / Unobtrusive observation
d. / Participant observation
e. / Secondary analysis
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 23
Question ID: / 01-54 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / d.Participant observation
55. / Which of the following statements about the social problems perspective is NOT true?
a. / It suggests that crime is a symptom of underlying social problems such as poverty and discrimination.
b. / It emphasizes the development of social and educational opportunities as a way of dealing with crime.
c. / It emphasizes crime prevention efforts such as harsher sentences.
d. / It sees crime as a public health issue as well as a criminal justice issue.
e. / It suggests that solutions to crime need to come in the form of government expenditures in support of social programs.
Difficulty: / 2 / Page-Reference: / 30-31
Question ID: / 01-55 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / c.It emphasizes crime prevention efforts such as harsher sentences.
56. / ______is the lifelong process of social experience whereby individuals acquire the cultural patterns of their society.
a. / Acculturation
b. / Indoctrination
c. / Subjugation
d. / Acquisition
e. / Socialization
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 37
Question ID: / 01-56 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / e.Socialization
57. / ______is an ethical requirement of social scientific research that stipulates that research data should not be shared outside of the research environment.
a. / Informed consent
b. / Primary analysis
c. / Secondary analysis
d. / Data confidentiality
e. / Replicability
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 26
Question ID: / 01-57 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / d.Data confidentiality
58. / The Supreme Court of Canada's decision in ______ruled that the law against assisted suicide does not violate sections 15 and 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
a. / R. v. Gagnon
b. / R. v. Loomes
c. / Rodriguez v. British Columbia (Attorney General)
d. / R. v. Stinchcombe
e. / R. v. Askov
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 7
Question ID: / 01-58 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / c.Rodriguez v. British Columbia (Attorney General)
59. / Some criminologists contend that ______data-gathering strategies represent the future of criminological research.
a. / quantitative
b. / self report
c. / survey research
d. / case study
e. / qualitative
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 26
Question ID: / 01-59 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / e.qualitative
60. / A(n) ______theory of crime is one that attempts to explain all or most forms of criminal conduct through a single, overarching approach.
a. / complete
b. / specific
c. / integrated
d. / general
e. / unicausal
Difficulty: / 1 / Page-Reference: / 15
Question ID: / 01-60 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / d.general
61. / Someone who exceeds the speed limit because she is late for an appointment is engaging in behaviour that is ______.
a. / criminal but not deviant
b. / deviant but not criminal
c. / antisocial
d. / neither deviant nor criminal
e. / both deviant and criminal
Difficulty: / 3 / Page-Reference: / 8
Question ID: / 01-61 / Skill: / Applied
Answer : / a.criminal but not deviant
62. / The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) has stipulated that scenes of violence intended for adult audiences cannot be telecast between ______.
a. / 6:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m.
b. / 9:00 a.m. and 9:00 p.m.
c. / 6:00 a.m. and 9:00 p.m.
d. / 11:00 a.m. and 11:00 p.m.
e. / 9:00 a.m. and 11:00 p.m.
Difficulty: / 2 / Page-Reference: / 28
Question ID: / 01-62 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / c.6:00 a.m. and 9:00 p.m.
63. / John Lennon was murdered by ______on December 8, 1980.
a. / Mark David Chapman
b. / Damian Williams
c. / Charles Manson
d. / Charles Eng
e. / Robert Pickford
Difficulty: / 2 / Page-Reference: / 33
Question ID: / 01-63 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / a.Mark David Chapman
64. / Define and explain the difference(s) between indictable and summary conviction offences and provide two examples for each category.
Difficulty: / 2 / Page-Reference: / 5
Question ID: / 01-64 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / An indictable offence is a crime in the Criminal Code of Canada considered to be a serious criminal offence and one that specifically carries a prison sentence of 14 years or longer. Two examples of indictable offences are murder and sexual assault. A summary conviction offence is an offence specified in the Criminal Code of Canada as being a criminal offence that is less serious than an indictable offence and thus carries a maximum penalty of six months in jail. Two examples of a summary conviction offences include loitering on private property at night and making indecent telephone calls.
65. / List and briefly elaborate upon the five major data-gathering strategies that typify research in the field of criminology.
Difficulty: / 3 / Page-Reference: / 23-24
Question ID: / 01-65 / Skill: / Recall
Answer : / The five major data-gathering strategies that typify research in the field of criminology include survey research, case studies, participant observation, self-reporting, and secondary analysis. Survey research typically involves the use of questionnaires and respondents may be interviewed in person, over the telephone, or queried via email or fax. Case studies are built around in-depth investigations into an individual case, perhaps that of a notorious offender. Participant observation involves a variety of strategies in data gathering in which the researcher observes a group by participating, to varying degrees, in the activities of the group. Some participant observers may act undercover while others may decide to make their presence and purpose known from the very beginning of the research. Self-reporting is a subjective data-gathering technique whereby an individual uses self-reports to investigate aspects of a problem not otherwise amenable to study. An example of this technique may be when a subject is asked to record and report an otherwise secretive behaviour. Lastly, secondary analysis involves the reanalysis of existing data — that is, second-hand analysis of data that were gathered for another purpose.

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Copyright © 2011 Pearson Canada Inc.