If T= 39%, What Is the Percent A, C, G?

Review- Exam #4

Chapter 16

If T= 39%, what is the percent A, C, G?

If A=19%, what is the percent T, C, G?

What holds DNA double helix together?

What holds codons/anticodons together?

What holds DNA to RNA in transcription?

Define:

Promoter

mRNA

Transcription factors

Terminator

Codon

tRNA

ribosomes

enzymes

rRNA

Ligase

Helicase

Primase

RNA polymerase (lays down primter)

Topoisomerase

Nuclease

SSBP

Okazaki fragments

Antiparallel

Primer

DNA Polymerase III

Compare / Eukaryotes / Prokaryotes

1. What kind of DNA?
2. Where does transcription occur?
3. Lagging strands?
4. How many origins?
5. Telomeres?
6. RNA processing (chp. 17)?

What determines the sequence of the daughter DNA?

Chapter 17

What determines the order of the nucleotide in mRNA?

What determines the order of amino acids added to the polypeptide?

Any additional nucleotides are added to where/what end?

What kind of molecule or substance is the primer that is used to initiate the synthesis of a new DNA strand?

What synthesizes new RNA?

What catalyzes the growing strand of RNA in transcription?

To what end of the growing strand are new RNA nucleotides added to?

What direction is RNA polymerase moving along the DNA template strand?

In transcription, RNA polymerase moves along the template strand from what to what?

What happens when we don’t have telomerase?

Compare / RNA Polymerase / DNA Polymerase
Transcription or replication, what does it make?
Single/double stranded?
Primer needed?

If have 218 amino acids long (polypeptide), what is the minimum number of nucleotides necessary in the mRNA strand used to create this polypeptide?

There are 18 codons, how many amino acids will that make?

If there are 54 nucleotides of mRNA, what is the longest amino acid chain could you get?

If have an mRNA sequence that is 936 nucleotides long, how many amino acids will that make?

Where are codons located? Where would you find them?

What do all codons specify?

Is it possible for one codon to specify for the same amino acid as another codon? Give an example.

“Redundant but not ambiguous” statement means:

Define ribosome.

What is the most abundant of RNA?

What catalyzes peptide bonds?

What catalyzes putting amino acids together?

What are the coding segments of eukaryotic DNA?

Put events of translation in order:

a)Peptide bond formation

b)Stop codon in A position

c)Initiator tRNA in P position

d)Small ribosomal subunit associates with mRNA

e)Release factors bind

Define polyribosome.

Do prokaryotes have multiple polymerases transcribing at the same time?

Do eukaryotes have multiple polymerases transcribing at the same time?

Compare and contrast eukaryotes and prokaryotes- what does one have that the other does not?

Chapter 13

If a diploid animal’s somatic cells have 122 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are in each sperm?

If a brain cell has 56 chromosomes, how many chromosomes do the animal’s eggs have?

Each cell in anaphase II has _____ chromosomes and ______the DNA compared to metaphase I.

Each cell in metaphase II has ______the chromosomes and ____ the DNA compared to Prophase I.

Each cell at the end of Meiosis II has _____ the chromosomes and ____ the DNA compared to cells in Prophase I.

When does independent assortment occur? When do tetrads form? When does crossing over occur?

When do cells going through meiosis become haploid?

When do homologous pairs separate?

When do sister chromatids separate?

When do chromosomes line up in pairs on the metaphase plate? When do they line up individually on the metaphase plate? When are chromosomes replicated?

What is the product of meiosis?

Know the order of when each of the following occur in meiosis and/or mitosis:

a) Sister chromatids separate

b) Pairs line up

c) Tetrads form