Chapter 1 EARLIEST OKLAHOMANS s3

Student Activity Book Chapter 11 CATTLE TRAILS AND RAILROADS

I. VOCABULARY. Write a short definition of each word below.

1. subsidize______5. antebellum______

2. bovine ______6. quarantine______

3. dwindle ______7. “wet”______

4. railhead ______8. “dry”______

II. TRUE or FALSE. In each blank, write “T’ for true and “F” for false.

______1. Numbers of cattle in Indian Territory increased during the Civil War.

______2. The first major cattle drive was up the Dodge City Trail.

______3. Cattle railheads were located only in Kansas.

______4. There were no taxes placed on the cattle by citizens of Indian Territory.

______5. Indian Territory was “wet.”

______6. No cattle trails crossed lands owned by Comanches or Pawnees.

______7. Local landowners refused to rent their pastures to trail bosses for grazing lands.

______8. Towns along the trails suffered economically from the cattle drives.

______9. The Chisholm Trail ran across eastern Indian Territory.

______10. Most stockyards were owned by railroad companies.

______11. Most cattle on the cattle drives were Herefords.

______12. There was never a railhead in Indian Territory.

______13. The Sand Bar Saloon was located in the middle of the Red River.

______14. After the Civil War, no Indians were involved in raising cattle.

______15. Cherokees owned the land in the Cherokee Outlet.

______16. The Cherokee Strip Livestock Association cheated the Cherokees of their lands.

______17. The Cherokee Strip Livestock Association wanted to improve the grade of cattle.in the herds.

______18. The first railroad to cross Indian Territory was the Rock Island.

______19. Jackson McCurtain fought building railroads through the territory.

______20. Gold and coal were discovered in Indian Territory.

III. SEQUENCING. Arrange the following events in chronological order. Place a number “1” beside the event that occurred first and continue through number “10” for the last occurring event.

______1. Purcell, Indian Territory, became a railhead.

______2. Coal was discovered by J. J. McAlester.

______3. The first major cattle drive crossed Indian Territory.

______4. States quarantined Texas cattle.

______5. The Cherokee Strip Livestock Association leased the Cherokee Outlet.

______6. Cattle drives began up the Chisholm Trail.

______7. The deadline date for cattlemen was established to move their herds out of the Cherokee Outlet.

______8. President Cleveland signed a bill to open Unassigned Lands to white settlement.

______9. The grazing fee was doubled for the Cherokee Outlet.

______10. The Atlantic and Pacific Railway was built as an eastwest line through Indian Territory.

IV. THINKING ACTIVITY. You’ve been hired as a cook on an 1890 cattle drive from Texas to Purcell, Indian Territory. Of the 20 items listed below, check the “Yes” column for the 10 items you will take and the “No” column for the 10 you will not take. Beside the “No” answers write the letter (a, b, or c) corresponding with one of the following reasons: a) not in general use at that time; b) luxury item for a cattle drive; c) useless on this kind of trip.

ITEM Yes • No • Reason ITEM Yes • No • Reason

1. 5 iron cooking pots ______11. animal traps ______

2. 20 bedrolls ______12. small fishing net ______

3. 1 aluminum skillet ______13. plastic strainer ______

4. kerosene ______14. toiletries ______

5. hatchet ______15. wooden spoons ______

6. 20 pillows ______16. horseshoes ______

7. gasoline ______17. horseshoe nails ______

8. electric saw ______18. rat poison ______

9. skinning knife ______19. leather strips ______

10. nylon rope ______20. coal ______

V . MAP. On the following map of Oklahoma, identify the 19th century cattle trails that crossed the state. Identify each trail and major geographical location by name.