Electronic Supplementary Material (Tables S1, S2)

Advantage for the sex changer who retains the gonad of the non-functional sex

Published in Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology

Sachi Yamaguchi1* and Yoh Iwasa2

1. Department of Information Systems Creation, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan

2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan

*Corresponding author: Sachi Yamaguchi

phone: +81-45-481-5661, fax: +81-45-413-6565

email:

Table S1. Estimation of daily mortality

Mating system / Longevity / Instantaneous mortality [1/yr] / Day mortality [1/day] / References about longevity
Gobiidae / Gobiodon historio / Monogamy / at least 4yr / 1.06 / 0.088 / Munday 2001
G okinawae / Unknown / at least 13yr / 0.32 / 0.00088 / Randall and Delbeek 2009
Paragobiodon echinocephalus / Monogamy / >2yr / 2.14 / 0.00586 / Kuwamura et al. 1996
Lythrypnus dalli / Polygyny / 1.5–2yr / 2.14–2.86 / 0.00586–0.00783 / Kappus and Fong 2014
Trimma okinawae / Polygyny / <3yr / 1.42 / 0.00389 / Manabe et al., unpublished
Labridae / Labroides dimidiatus / Harem / >6yr / 0.70 / 0.00193 / Kuwamura 1981

Note: See Appendix S3 in ESM 1 about empirical formula between maximum longevity and instantaneous mortality.

Table S2. Estimation of the rate of change in social condition and the delay for the construction of a new gonad

p [1/day] / q [1/day] / b [1/day] / a [1/day] / References
Paragobiodon echinocephalus / 0.000059 / 0.00023 / 0.03704 / 0.04167 / Kuwamura et al. 1994
Trimma okinawae / 0.00013 / 0.00088 / Manabe et al. 2007a
Labroides dimidiatus / 0.0625 / 0.0154 / Robertson 1972; Nakashima et al. 2000; Kuwamura et al. 2002

Note: Daily transitions (p, q) are the frequency of male-to-female sex change and that of female-to-male sex change. (b, a) are daily transitions from an asexual state to the reproductive target sex (male and female).