Grade Level:7Th Grade Subject:Science Teacher: Lusk

\eek-At-A-Glance
Monday
Immune System / Tuesday
Immune system continued / Wednesday
HIV/AIDS / Thursday
Other diseases / Friday
Immune system wrap up and quiz

Grade level:7th grade Subject:Science Teacher:Lusk

Lesson Topic: Immune system Date: November 27h,2012

Stage 1 – Desired Results
Standards (CCS/ES):
7.L.1.4: Summarize the general functions of the major systems of the human body (digestion, respiration, reproduction, circulation, and excretion) and ways that these systems interact with each other to sustain life. / Key Ideas from the Standards:
· Homeostasis is the body’s ability to maintain internal sameness.
· The Immune system protects the body from microscopic invaders.
· An infectious disease is caused by a pathogen that invades an organism.
· Recognize viruses and bacteria as common pathogens that cause infectious disease
· Explain that immunity is a state of resistance to, or protection from, a pathogen
What will the students be able to do?
SWBAT identify the different components of the immune response, list them in correct order for a given scenario, and explain how these components work together to fight antigens. / Vocabulary:
· Pathogen
· Immune system
· Antibody
· Antigen
· Immunity
· Vaccine
· Antibody
Sources/Materials/Technology:
____Literary Text:
____ Information:
____Art:
____Technology:http://www.historyofvaccines.org/sites/default/files/inline-pdfs/History_of_Vaccines_How_Vaccines_Work.pdf
Stage 2 – Assessment Evidence
Formal: / Informal:
Exit ticket
Stage 3 – Opening Activities
Warm Up: (10 minutes)
1. Copy into your vocab:
2. An Antigen is a chemical marker on a cell’s surface that indicates whether the cell is from your body or is a foreign material.
Stage 4- Learning Plan
Guided Practice “WE DO” (20 minutes)
· Students will read an article with their peers and answer the questions in their notebooks.
Lesson Focus “I DO” (5 mins)
· Teacher will introduce more in-depth specific response by the immune system that started yesterday.
· Teacher will explain the Immune response is
1. A T Cell recognizes an antigen on an antigen-presenting phagocyte.
2. The T Cell reproduces rapidly.
3. Some T Cells signal B Cells to make antibodies to fight the pathogen.
4. Antibodies attach to the antigens, marking the pathogens for destruction.
Guided Practice “WE DO” (15 mins)
· Teacher will introduce activity.
· Each student will be handed a lid. On the lid will be a different pathogen.
· You will see plastic containers spread throughout the room.
· There is one container in the room with the same label as your lid.
· At the signal, find the plastic container with the pathogen that has the same label as your lid and wait for me to tell you to stop. If you still haven’t found the matching container when time is called, your model pathogen has spread.
· If your pathogen has spread, write its name on the board.
Guided practice “WE DO” (20mins)
· Students will read a scenario given to them.
· They will then identify the different phases of attack that the body is experiencing and sequence them in correct order.
· They will then create a comic strip detailing this attack.

Two types of white blood cells called lymphocytes are vital to the specific immune response. Lymphocytes are produced in the bone marrow, and mature into one of several subtypes. The two most common are T cells and B cells.

An antigen is a foreign material that triggers a response from T and B cells. The human body has B and T cells specific to millions of different antigens. We usually think of antigens as part of microbes, but antigens can be present in other settings. For example, if a person received a blood transfusion that did not match his blood type, it could trigger reactions from T and B cells.

A useful way to think of T cells and B cells is as follows: B cells have one property that is essential. They can mature and differentiate into plasma cells that produce a protein called an antibody. This protein is specifically targeted to a particular antigen. However, B cells alone are not very good at making antibody and rely on T cells to provide a signal that they should begin the process of maturation. When a properly informed B cell recognizes the antigen it is coded to respond to, it divides and produces many plasma cells. The plasma cells then secrete large numbers of antibodies, which fight specific antigens circulating in the blood.

T cells are activated when a particular phagocyte known as an antigen-presenting cell (APC) displays the antigen to which the T cell is specific. This blended cell (mostly human but displaying an antigen to the T cell) is a trigger for the various elements of the specific immune response.

A subtype of T cell known as a T helper cell performs a number of roles. T helper cells release chemicals to

· Help activate B cells to divide into plasma cells

· Call in phagocytes to destroy microbes

· Activate killer T cells

Once activated, killer T cells recognize infected body cells and destroy them.

Regulatory T cells (also called suppressor T cells) help to control the immune response. They recognize when a threat has been contained and then send out signals to stop the attack.

Infection and Disease

Infection occurs when a pathogen invades body cells and reproduces. Infection will usually lead to an immune response. If the response is quick and effective, the infection will be eliminated or contained so quickly that the disease will not occur.

Sometimes infection leads to disease. (Here we will focus on infectious disease, and define it as a state of infection that is marked by symptoms or evidence of illness.) Disease can occur when immunity is low or impaired, when virulence of the pathogen (its ability to damage host cells) is high, and when the number of pathogens in the body is great.

Depending on the infectious disease, symptoms can vary greatly. Fever is a common response to infection: a higher body temperature can heighten the immune response and provide a hostile environment for pathogens. Inflammation, or swelling caused by an increase in fluid in the infected area, is a sign that white blood cells are on the attack and releasing substances involved in the immune response.

Vaccination works to stimulate a specific immune response that will create B and T cell responses specific to a certain pathogen. After vaccination or natural infection, long-lasting memory cells persist in the body and can lead to a quick and effective response should the body encounter the pathogen again.

Vaccination works to stimulate a specific immune response that will create memory B and T cells specific to a certain pathogen. These memory cells persist in the body and can lead to a quick and effective response should the body encounter the pathogen again.

Copy into your notes:

Steps of the Immune Response

1. A T Cell recognizes an antigen on an antigen-presenting phagocyte.

2. The T Cell reproduces rapidly.

3. Some T Cells signal B Cells to make antibodies to fight the pathogen.

4. Antibodies attach to the antigens, marking the pathogens for destruction.

Answer in your partners and then write in complete sentences:

1. What is the most essential job of B Cells and specifically what do these proteins attack?

2. What’s the difference between an antigen and a pathogen?

3. Create and explain an analogy that can be used to describe the human body. For example, you could start off by saying, “The human body is like an army because it defends against foreigner invaders. When antigens invade the body they are like fingerprints left behind at a crime scene. This is because…..”

http://www.historyofvaccines.org/sites/default/files/inline-pdfs/History_of_Vaccines_How_Vaccines_Work.pdf

Directions: For the case that is circled below, you and your partner need to (in writing!):

1. Identify which stage of the immune response the body is currently under and explain what the body is doing to help fight the antigen.

2. Identify and explain the stages that have already occurred and are about to happen.

Now that you have that out of the way, each member of your partnership will draw a comic representing what is happening in each phase of the attack.

Scenarios:

Case 1:

Before the start of the flu season, you go to the doctors and you are given a shot. A month later, you find yourself sick at home with the flu. What happened?!?!

Case 2:

Dangling your legs in the ocean over the side of your raft, you feel a sharp sting on your foot. You look down and discover a jellyfish. Soon your foot feels painful. It is swollen and red to touch. What is happening?

Case 3:

Five cases of the measles suddenly appear at James Martin Middle School! The school nurse is rechecking immunization records. What could be a possible explanation for this outbreak? (Hint: There are three possible scenarios!)

Exit Ticket

1. What’s the most important job of a B Cell?

2. Which cell is charged with attacking the antigen-presenting phagocyte?

Staphylococcus

Streptococcus

The Gram-Negative Bacilli

Neisseria

Vibrio Cholerae

Clostridium botulinum

Clostridium tetani

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Yesinia pestis

Plasmodium protozoa

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Escherichia coli 0157:H

Hepatitis A Virus

Proteus mirabilis

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Chiamydia Psittaci

Shigella

Camplobacter

Salmonella

Ehrlichia

Rickettsia

Brucella

Francisella

Legionella

Listeria

Thyphoid Fever

Burkholderia Cenocepacia

Mycobacterium avium