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Supporting information for:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) around tea processing industries using high sulfur coals

Jyotilima Saikia ab, Puja Khare c, Prasenjit Saikia a, Binoy K Saikia ab*

aPolymer Petroleum and Coal Chemistry Group, Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat-785006, India

bAcademy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NEIST Campus, Jorhat-785006, India.

cAgronomy-Soil Science Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226 015, India

Table S1. Chemical characteristics of the feed coal sample (as received basis; wt%)

Parameters / M / Ash / VM / FC / C / H / N / TS
Feed Coal (Site A) / 3.80 / 24.52 / 34.02 / 37.65 / 54.7 / 5.38 / 1.42 / 3.72
Feed Coal (Site B) / 6 / 31.6 / 19.4 / 43 / 58.8 / 4.90 / 1.71 / 3.79

(M=Moisture, VM=Volatile Matter, FC=Fixed Carbon, C=Carbon; H=Hydrogen, N=Nitrogen, TS=Total Sulfur)

Table S2. Average concentrations of gases, particulate matter and ions around the tea industries (µg/m3)

Gaseous emissions / Particulate matters / Water Soluble Ions
Sampling site / SO2 / NO2 / NH3 / PM10 / PM2.5 / TSPM / SO42- / NO3-
Site A / 13.15 / 59 / 44 / 160 / 93 / 210 / 1.38 / 0.32
Site B / 8 / 38 / 43 / 114 / 78 / 151 / 5.70 / 1.54
NAAQS (24hrs) / 80 / 80 / 400 / 100 / 60 / -- / -- / --

Table S3. Concentrations of PAHs (ng/m3) in PM10, PM2.5 and dust samples

PAHs / Site A / Site B
PM10 / PM2.5 / Dust / PM2.5 / PM10 / Dust
Nap / 0.08 / 67 / 0.21
Ace / 54 / 0.15 / 0.14 / 31 / 54 / 0.26
Acen / 36 / 0.25 / 0.72 / 44 / 0.61
Phe / 0.25 / 26
Flu / 0.24 / 0.3 / 0.012 / 0.0041
Ant / 0.75
Fluo / 3.75 / 3.4 / 0.053
Pyr / 3.75
BaA / 4.5 / 0.096 / 13 / 0.13
Chry + BbF / 4.8 / 58
BkF / 11
BaP / 5.75 / 12
DBahA / 6.75
IP / 3.25
BghiP / 2.75 / 0.028
∑ PAHs / 94.74 / 32.5 / 1.08 / 154.4 / 165 / 1.27

[Naphthalene (Nap), Acenaphthene (Ace), Acenaphthylene (Acen), Anthracene (Ant), Phenanthrene (Phe), Fluorene (Flu), Fluoranthene (Fluo), Benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), Chrysene (Chry), Pyrene (Pyr), Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), Benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF), Benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), Dibenz(a,h)anthracene(DBahA), Benzo(g,h,i)perylene (BghiP), Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene(IP)]

Table S4: Correlations of the variables

Site A / Site B
PM10 / PM2.5 / Dust / PM10 / PM2.5 / Dust
PM10 / 1 / -.353 / .651** / PM10 / 1 / -.005 / .751**
PM2.5 / -.353 / 1 / -.348 / PM2.5 / -.005 / 1 / -.080
Dust / .651** / -.348 / 1 / Dust / .751** / -.080 / 1

**Correlation is significant at 0.01 level (2 tailed)

Table S5: Meteorological data on the sampling days over the two locations

Day / Temperature (℃) / Relative Humidity (%) / Wind Speed (m/s) / Rainfall (mm)
24/12/2014 / 16.7 / 74 / 1 / 0
25/12/2014 / 16.9 / 73 / 1.1 / 0
26/12/2014 / 16.6 / 74 / 0.7 / 0
27/12/2014 / 16.6 / 74 / 0.8 / 0
28/12/2014 / 16.9 / 71 / 0.7 / 0
09/02/2015 / 18.6 / 73 / 0.5 / 0
10/02/2015 / 18.7 / 74 / 0.8 / 0
11/02/2015 / 18.7 / 74 / 1.1 / 0
12/02/2015 / 19.3 / 73 / 1.4 / 2
13/02/2015 / 16.3 / 87 / 1.7 / 1

Fig. S1 Average concentrations of gases around the two tea industrial sites

Fig. S2 Average concentrations of PMs around the two tea industrial sites

Fig. S5 Average concentrations of ions in PM10 around the two tea industrial sites