SS.912.W.6.2- Summarize the social and economic effects of the Industrial Revolution.

Examples-urbanization, increased productivity and wealth, rise of the middle class, conditions faced by workers, rise of labor unions, expansion of colonialism.

Increased Agricultural Output

  • Positive Effect-
  • More food meant less starvation and healthier people
  • Negative Effects-
  • Small farmers cannot compete with larger farms and lose/leave the land. Pg. 424
  • With so little workers needed on the farms many people move to cities, creating severe overcrowding. Pg. 424
  • With more available food, more people are living longer, creating population problems. Pg. 424

Population Increase pg. 424

  • Caused by better sanitation, antiseptic, Anesthetic pg. 482, and better food.
  • Caused by new Medicine pg. 481-
  • Created fierce competition for jobs and housing
  • Poverty stricken cities

Urbanization pg. 424, 484

  • Positive Effect-
  • Ample supply of workers for growing industry
  • Industrial cities grew exponentially pg. 430 & 431
  • Negative Effects-
  • With so little workers needed on the farms many people move to cities, creating severe overcrowding. Pg. 424
  • With more available food, medicine and doctors more people are living longer, creating swift population increases. Pg. 424
  • Conditions of Cities Grim pg. 435, 483, 497
  • City Planning pg. 482 & 483

Different Social Classes Emerge

  • The Wealthy pg. 488-
  • Successful Entrepreneurs, Merchants and Inventers enjoy new Social Status as Middle Class. Pg. 431, 489
  • Industrial Workers pg. 432 Pg. 435 pg. 489
  • Factory Workers pg. 431
  • Miners pg. 433
  • Child Laborers pg. 433, 491

Social and Political Reforms- Conditions for the Working class led to Social and political Reforms.

  • Labor Unions and Workers Rights Campaigns. Pg. 432, 434, 484, 557, 512
  • Children’s Rights 484
  • Laissez-Faire Economic (Free Market/Capitalism) pg. 436-
  • Malthus and Ricardo-
  • Utilitarianism pg. 437 & 438-
  • Socialism pg. 439- Individual people own the means of production and the government provides the whole community of people services.
  • Communism pg. 439 - The Government owns the means of production and distributes commodities equally to the people.
  • Marxism pg. 439 & 440- The marriage between capitalism and socialism. Gradually socializing capitalistic societies.
  • Regulating Monopolies and Corporations pg. 480-
  • Emancipation/Abolition Movements pg. 490, 541, 554-
  • Suffrage (Male, Female and Minority) pg. 438, 490, 538-539, 554-555
  • Temperance Movement pg. 490, 554-
  • Public Education pg. 491-
  • Religion pg. 432, 494, 512-

Increased Production- as new technology is developed items are made faster, making them cheaper and more available. The cheaper-more available products in turn make creating new products a reality, creating a cycle of development, innovation and creation.

  • Steel pg. 476-
  • Chemistry pg. 477-
  • Electric Power pg. 477, 486-487-
  • New Methods of Production pg. 477-
  • Interchangeable Parts-
  • Assembly Lines-
  • The Radio pg. 478 & 479-
  • City Planning pg. 482 & 483-

Expansion of Colonialism- Searching for ever-cheaper labor and resources, Industrial powers resume colonialism.

  • British Expansion pg. 537, 564-