Terrapin Invitational Tournament 2011
Packet by Editors (SteveJon Guth, Chris Ray, Paul Marchsteiner, Logan Anbinder)
Tossups
1. This government briefly and disastrously put its army quartermasters in charge of all transportation logistics, leading to a horrifying incident in which 61 prisoners suffocated when troops lost track of them after locking them in a freight transport. An early test for this government was the Orissa famine, while an early death knell for this state was the failure of the Cripps mission. This state responded to the tepid reception of its (*) Montagu-Chelmsford reforms by cracking down through the Rowlatt Acts, and was plagued by the long-running Moplah unrest. Reginald Dyer, a commander for this state, went absolutely insane and turned his car-mounted machine guns on a crowd of festival-goers in a 1919 massacre, while a caravan of protesters arrived at Dandi and began making salt to protest this government's taxes. The perpetrators of the Amritsar massacre, for 10 points, name this state protested by Mahatma Gandhi, a colonial administration directed by the Crown to oversee cities like Delhi and Bombay.
ANSWER: The British Raj or British India [prompt on partial answer; accept anything establishing that British people are in control of India]
2. One creature in this people’s myth system is a small red vampire who ingests and then regurgitates its victims, called the Yara-ma-yha-who, and the first child in this myth system was made by his parents from clay before being placed head-first into his mother and experiencing growth. This people used a (*) “bone pointing” ceremony to kill from afar and practice fire-stick farming. The son of one prominent figure in this myth system is Binbeal, who retaliated against his brother for refusing to move to his domain by setting that brother Balayang’s land on fire. In addition to the figure of Bunjil the Eaglehawk, this myth system includes a tree that is upside-down with its roots in the air. For 10 points, name this myth system that venerates the Rainbow Serpent, a native Australian faith that is centered around the Dreamtime.
ANSWER: Aboriginal myth (accept Dreamtime before mentioned)
3. One tissue of this type is useful in differentiating the ileum from the duodenum and jejunum, while the namesake virus of another example of this tissue shares a protein receptor with the hilariously-named coxsackievirus and had its serotype 36 linked to chicken obesity. Mucosa-associated Peyer's Patches and Waldeyer's ring are composed of this tissue, where Castleman's disease originates. Winterbottom's Sign in this kind of tissue indicates Sleeping Sickness, while other anomalies can suggest toxoplasmosis. The most notable (*) clusters of this tissue exhibit B-cell proliferation in their Germinal Centers after antigen presentation, and structures composed of it are the usual origination point for cancers like Hodgkin's disease. Adenoids, or tonsils, are a form of, for 10 points, what bodily tissue whose name derives from its role as a reservoir to mature white blood cells and whose “nodes” in the head and neck may swell during infections.
ANSWER: (Secondary) Lymphoid Tissue [be lenient and accept things like “Lymphatic System” or other demonstrations of reasonably clear knowledge like “Lymph Nodes;” do not accept “Lymphocytes”]
4. Its central action was preceded five years earlier by the botched Operation Eagle Claw, instigated by the hijacking of American Travelway Flight 282 from Athens to New York. New World Revolutionary Organization leader Abdul Rifa, who emerged as its central villain, used the covert backing of Iran to first divert the plane to Algiers prior to an abortive raid; that action was followed by a landing in Beirut, where U.S. forces under the command of Colonel Nick Alexander suffered their lone casualty in the course of a successful rescue operation that saw Major Scott McCoy resolve the crisis using (*) rockets fired from his motorcycle. Featuring Robert Forster, Lee Marvin, and Kim Delaney and followed by a sequel pitting its star against Colombian drug lords, for 10 points, name this 1986 film whose titular elite counter-terrorist organization is led by Chuck Norris.
ANSWER: The Delta Force
5. This work contains the story of La Louve, the she-wolf, and the narrator is warned from marrying his wife by her aunts the Hulbirds. That wife is notably attracted to the date August 4th, but another character is disgraced by his political enemies in the Kilsyte case. That character had been caught seducing a servant in the back of a carriage, and other conquests of his include Mrs. Basil, Mrs. Maidan, La Dolciquita, and a mad woman who can only say (*) "Shuttlecock," Nancy. However, the plot is set in motion when he is revealed to be having an affair with the narrator's wife Florence, who pretends to have a heart condition and later poisons herself. For 10 points, identify this novel narrated by John Dowell about the adulterous Edward Ashburnham, written by Ford Maddox Ford.
ANSWER: The Good Soldier
6. Dahlquist studied the stability of this process and names a barrier for which linear multistep methods such as Adams Moulton can be used to perform this process when the input is stiff. Cauchy's kernal is used in the variation of parameters method that was developed by Lagrange, while numerical methods for this process include ones named for (*) Runge-Kutta and Euler. This process can be done analytically using Picard Iteration or separation of variables. This can be done to first order linear equations using an integrating factor, and general linear equations result in a homogenous term with variable coefficients and an inhomogenous term. For 10 points, name the process which usually involves finding a function that satisfies an equation involving derivatives.
ANSWER: Solving Ordinary Differential Equations [accept logical equivalents]
7. A man who held an earlier form of this position set the precedent for female suffrage by overruling the exclusion of women from local parish councils, though he mostly used this office to amass a fortune in diamond bribes from nefarious Chinese businessmen. Prior to issuing his namesake doctrine as Secretary of State in response to Japan's invasion of Manchuria, Henry Stimson held this post, as did a man who became uncompromisingly genocidal and personally led the butchery of the (*) Moro Crater Rebellion. Theodore Roosevelt chose his Secretary of War based on that man's able administration of this post, held by Arthur MacArthur and Leonard Wood, which in 1942 was assumed by Masuharu Homma after the Battle of Corregidor. Assumed by William H. Taft in the wake of the defeat of Emilio Aguinaldo, for 10 points, name this office tasked with administering a U.S.-controlled island chain with cities like Quezon and Manila.
ANSWER: Governor of the Philippines [accept equivalents ie pretty much any answer conveying executive authority over the Philippines
8. Fazlur Khan's DeWitt Plaza in this city popularized the tubular design used in the World Trade Center, while prior to winning the commission for New York's Flatiron Building, Burnham and Root designed the Monadnock and Masonic Temple buildings in this city. Sarrinen lost the bid for a building in this city that features art deco sculptures by Chambellan and chunks of famous world buildings imbedded in the walls. To deal with the soft clay beneath the site of one building in this city, a floating raft of railroad ties was used as the foundation for the (*) Auditorium Building, co-designed by Dankmar Adler. The firm behind the Dubai's Burj Khalifa, Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill, has designed notable buildings here, while Anish Kapoor's Cloud Gate stands near Gehry's Millenium Park in this city, home to Frank Lloyd Wright's Robie House. The namesake of a school promoted by Louis Sullivan, for 10 points, name this home to the Hancock Center and Sears Tower.
ANSWER: Chicago
9. The Mishnah Tractate Berakhot includes a story about Rabbi Gamliel’s recitation of the Shema after performing this action, even though he was exempt, while another Rabbinical ruling about this action says that men may perform it on the Sabbath if they have never done so before. This action sees the recitation of the Sheva Brachot, and after this action, the provisions of (*) shalom bayit should be observed. The taboo of negiah no longer applies to the this action, which may be reversed by a get, while the document produced during the performance of this action is written in Aramaic instead of Hebrew and is called a Ketubah. Traditionally performed under a chuppah, for 10 points, name this action during which a veil traditionally masks the face of the bride.
ANSWER: wedding or marriage
10. This author wrote about Ellen Roxburgh surviving the wreck of the Bristol Maid in Fringe of Leaves. Felicity Bannister breaks off her engagement to John Galbraith after an ambiguous rape in The Night the Prowler, collected in this author's The Cockatoos. Katina Pavlou and Alyosha Sergei Sokolnikov meet the title character in a French hotel in a story which chronicles Theodora Goodman's descent into madness, The Aunt's Story. The artist Hurtle runs away from an adoptive rich family and later meets the Lolita figure (*) Kathy Volkov in one novel, while the sexually ambiguous titular character becomes Eudoxia, Eddie, and Eadith, those novels are The Vivesector, and The Twyborn Affair. For 10 points, name this Australian author who used Ludwig Leichhardt as the basis for his novel about an explorer of the Outback, Voss.
ANSWER: Patrick White
11. A pivotal period in this city's history was prefaced by the abolishment of the Council of 60, which was caught between the Council of 200 and the “Little Council.” Henry II's Edict of Chateaubriand severely restricted this city's commercial efforts while simultaneously flooding it with impoverished immigrants. A series of moderately tense standoffs over playing cards dominated this city's politics under an administration backed by the Berthelier family, who had helped throw out the House of (*) Savoy. William Farrell facilitated the rise of one of this city's most notable leaders, who responded to the presence of the author of Two Books of Dialogues on the Trinity, Michael Servetus, by lighting him on fire for having dared to annotate copies of The Institutes of the Christian Religion. Noted for a period of intense austerity and religious fervor during the mid-1500s, for 10 points, name this Swiss city run by occasional violent menace John Calvin.
ANSWER: Geneva
12. These constructs can be omitted in Density Functional Theories in a uniqueness result named for Hohenberg and Kohn. Woodward and Hoffman used these constructs to predict stereo- and regio-selectivity of pericyclic reactions. Koopmans' theorem relates the energy of these constructs to ionization energy. In Hartree-Fock theory these are the (*) eigenfunctions of the Fock operator, and are linear combination of Gaussian functions. They can also be calculated by Self-Consistent Field theories. They can be used to calculate bond order, and these predict the paramagnetism of gaseous oxygen and the stability of radicals like nitric oxide. Their antibonding variety is usually denoted with an asterisk. For 10 points, name this extension of Lewis and VSEPR theory to multi-atom systems
ANSWER: Molecular Orbital Theory [prompt on MO, prompt on electron "orbital" until mentioned]
13. In one scene in this novel, one of the protagonists chains himself to a desk so he continue working during a bomb scare despite the protestations of Al Smith. That fake bomb was part of an escalating feud between that protagonist and a fan of and advocate against his work, Carl Ebling. Later in this novel, the same protagonist creates a two thousand page work about a certain mythical creature, which he once shipped out of (*) Prague with his autoliberation teacher, Max Kornblum. During the naval service of one of the protagonists, the other one marries his girlfriend, Rosa Saks. Rosa was the inspiration of the character Luna Moth, who was second only to The Escapist in popularity at Empire Comics. For 10 points, name this novel about Jewish boys Sammy and Josef, a work of Michael Chabon.
ANSWER: The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay
14. This work opens with “Qui suis-je? du Théâtre Antique,” introducing a mezzo-soprano commentator. One character in this opera complains about his charges in “Moi, je suis Aristée,” which contains optional falsetto notes, and later offers the solemn reflection “La mort m'apparaît souriante.” That man's servant constantly bitches about no longer being king of the Boetians after the central female character discovers that her sheep-tending lover (*) Aristee is actually the master of John Styx. This opera's title character disrupts a feast of the gods at the goading of Public Opinion despite the fact that both he and his wife absolutely hate each other. A lightning bolt startles the hell out of that title figure after the famed “Galop Infernal,” parodying a Gluck work in which he fatefully looks back at Eurydice. Famously featuring music for the can-can, for 10 points, name this Jacques Offenbach opera about a Greek Musician in Hades.
ANSWER: Orpheus in the Underworld [or Orphée aux enfers]
15. Austrian philosopher Ivan Illich extended his critiques of the educational system to this discipline in a text describing it as a “nemesis,” while Hans Georg Gadamer argued that the postmodern form of this discipline has led to the “enigma” of an associated quality. Guiding principles for Bimaristans can be found in a major treatment of this discipline, which saw Avicenna abandon the deductive reasoning of his metaphysical works and is often known as his (*) “Canon.” Erasistratus postulated pneuma as the driving force in his theory of it, while the death of Eudemus and an event named after the Antoninus family were described in treatises on this discipline by its leading Roman proponent. Cnidus and Kos were home to the two major Greek schools concerned with this discipline. For 10 points, identify this discipline whose philosophies in Western tradition can be traced to the work of Galen and Hippocrates.