CONTENTS
Page
Summary of Content:
Educational Aims:
Learning Outcomes:
Module Evaluation:
Lecture/Seminar Titles:
Method and Frequency of Class:
Method of Assessment:
Coursework Support:
Guidance to Essay Writing:
Assessed Essay Titles:
Reading Information:
Week 1. The Changing Nature of Contemporary Diplomacy
Week 2. Prenegotiations and Around-the-table Negotiations
Week 3. Negotiation Momentum and Packaging
Week 4. Diplomatic Negotiation and Practice
Week 5. Negotiating Across Cultures
Week 6. Intelligence Diplomacy
Week 7. Public Diplomacy
Week 8. International Mediation......
Week 9. Multilateral Diplomacy: the UN
Week 10. The Diplomacy of Regional Actors: the European Union
Summary of Content:
This module focuses on the changing nature of diplomatic practice, together with the range of conceptual tools that seek to explain this international activity. Its focus is contemporary. It provides a political analysis of new developments such as the public diplomacy, the decline of resident embassies and foreign ministries, and the role of regional/multinational organisations and summitry. It also encourages students to consider future theoretical and practical developments in this field.
Educational Aims:
The module offers an advanced study of the theory and practice of current diplomacy. It will deal with core issues of diplomatic technique and then explores contemporary aspects of diplomatic practice.
Learning Outcomes:
Knowledge and Understanding Students should:
- Achieve an understanding of different approaches to and phases of modern negotiation
- Appreciate how these have been used, particularly in the context of crisis management using case studies
- Appreciate the developing debates over what constitutes modern diplomacy
Intellectual, professional-practical and transferable skills:
- The ability to critically assess advanced academic writing
- Discussing and defending one's point of view in a group
- Communication skills and oral presentations
- Researching and writing of research papers
Module Evaluation:
Evaluation and feedback are crucial to the success of any module. The School wants students to have their say on Politics modules. Therefore modules are formally evaluated on a biennial basis, so please use this opportunity to have your say. If you have any other comments or queries regarding this module, please contact the Module Convenor.
Lecture/Seminar Titles:
Please note that the seminars will run a week AFTER the lecture topic, except for Week 3: Negotiation Momentum and Packaging which will run two weeks after the lecture due to the Workshops). Therefore there will be no seminars in Week 1.
The weekly lecture titles are as follows:
Week 1. 28 Jan: The Changing Nature of Contemporary Diplomacy
(Dr. Sue Pryce)
Week 2. 4 Feb: Pre-negotiations and Around the Table Negotiation
(Dr. Pauline Eadie)
Week 3. 11 Feb: Negotiation Momentum and Packaging
(Dr. Pauline Eadie)
Week 4. 17/18 Feb: Diplomacy Workshop
(Professor Colin Jennings)
17 Feb Diplomatic Negotiation:
Theory (1000-1200hrs)
Simulation (1400-1800hrs)
18 Feb Diplomatic Practice
Content (1000-1200-)
Conduct (1300-1445)
Practice (1600-1745)
Week 5. 25 Feb:Negotiating Across Cultures
(Dr. Pauline Eadie)
Week 6. 4 Mar:Intelligence Diplomacy
(Mr. Michael Herman)
Week 7. 11 Mar:Public Diplomacy
(Dr. Pauline Eadie)
Week 8. 28 Mar: International Mediation
(Dr. Pauline Eadie)
Week 9. 25 Mar:Multilateral Diplomacy & the UN
(Dr. Pauline Eadie)
Week 10. 1 April:The Diplomacy of Regional Actors: the EU
(Prof. Wyn Rees)
Method and Frequency of Class:
Activity / Number of Sessions / Duration of a SessionLecture / 9 / 1 hour
Seminar / 9 / 1 hour
Workshop / 6 / 1¾ - 2 hours
Location of Lecture: / Clive Granger A41
Day: / Fridays
Time: / 9.00-10.00 am
Location of Seminars:
Location of Workshops: / HemsleyBuilding, B7 – 10.00 am
Hemsley Building B7 – 11.00 am
ARCHS B33 - 1.00 pm
BIOL B1 – 2.00pm
HemsleyBuilding Ground Floor Lounge
Day: / Fridays (one day of workshop also on Thursday)
Times: / As above for seminars, see lecture details for Workshop times
Method of Assessment:
This 20 credit/15 credit module will be assessed on the following basis:
Assessment Type / Weight / RequirementsCoursework 1 / 50% / 2 x 2,500 word essay s
(20 credit version)
Coursework 2 / 50% / 1 x 2,500 word essay
1 x 2,000 word essay
(15 credit version)
You must submit an electronic copy of your essay via the module’s WebCT site, taking note of the individual ID number that will be generated once you have successfully uploaded it. This process is self-explanatory.
After you have done that – and only then - you must submit two hard copies of the essay to the School Office by Thursday 10 March and Wednesday 11 May 2011. A submission sheet should be completed and attached to both copies of the essay. You are required to enter the WebCT ID number on the cover sheet, as proof that you have already electronically submitted the essay. The submission sheet and the top of page of each copy of your essay should then be date stamped, and submitted to the essay chest outside the School Office. Please note that the School Office will be open from 10am till 4pm (Monday to Friday) on submission days. Essays handed in after 4pm will be stamped as late and the usual University penalties will be applied.
Failure to complete either process ie electronic and/or hard copy submission will result in late penalties being applied.
The standard University penalty for late submission should be 5% absolute standard University scale per normal working day, until the mark reaches zero. For example, an original mark of 67% would be successively reduced to 62%, 57%, 52%, 47% etc. Normal working days include vacation periods, but not weekends or public holidays. Applications for extensions will not normally be considered retrospectively. Any student wishing to apply for an extension should collect and complete the necessary forms from the School Office and submit these to the relevant Year Tutor together with any necessary documentary evidence.
The electronic copies will be scanned to detect plagiarism. It is therefore imperative that you consult the Student Handbook, which outlines what is counted as plagiarism and advises you how to avoid it. Failure to submit an electronic copy even if you submit two hard copies on time will mean that the essay will be counted as having not been submitted.
Coursework Support:
The Hallward Library and Halls of Residence have a number of networked PCs to facilitate access to information on holdings.
Please do not hesitate to contact the Module Convenor if you have any difficulties with the module or assessed work. She will be available without appointment during her office hours – Wednesday11.30 -12.30; Thursday 11.30 -12.30. Otherwise please email for an alternative appointment.
Guidance to Essay Writing:
A short guide for students on essay writing skills and an outline of the marking criteria used by staff is available from the School Intranet.
Assessed Essay Titles:
• Essays should be 1½ line or double spaced, with ample margins, and written in Font Size 12 (Times New Roman) or equivalent.• You may choose from any question on the reading list for your essays
1. 'If foreign ministries and embassies did not already exist, they surely would not have to be invented' (Zbigniew Brzezinski) Does the Paschke report (2000) support this view? Explain your answer.
2. To what extent is the supposed novelty of today's diplomacy merely the 'contemporary froth on top of a solid base of traditional ways' (Richard Langhorne)
3. How important do you consider the ‘pre-negotiation’ phase is for the successful realisation of one’s goals in an international negotiation?
4. EITHER Why is the details stage of a negotiation often the most difficult? OR Critically evaluate the importance of ‘ripe time’ for the conduct of successful diplomacy.
5. ‘The problem with the concept of ‘public diplomacy’ is that diplomacy should never be public, and the public are rarely diplomatic’. Discuss
6. ‘As the world becomes more globalised, the problems associated with negotiating ‘across cultures’ will decline’. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
7. The craft of diplomacy cannot be separated from the pursuit of naked state interest; thus confirming Sir Henry Wotton’s contention that ultimately “An ambassador is an honest man sent abroad to lie for the good of his country”. Discuss.
8. Should espionage be considered the ‘missing dimension’ of foreign policy? (Dilks/Andrew)
9. ‘Compare two examples of international mediation – what were the strengths and weaknesses exhibited by the mediator/s in each case’?
10. ‘Most states live and die by the success of their multi-lateral, and not their bilateral diplomacy’. Discuss.
11. To what extent does the European Union’s growing diplomatic role challenge traditional conceptions of diplomacy?
Reading Information:
General Reading – Books, journals etc
**= Essential text
* = Important text
Bibliography
Textbooks:
Berridge, G.R. Diplomacy: Theory and Practice (Palgrave, 3 edn, 2005)JX1662.B4
Leguey-Feilleux, Jean-Robert, The Dynamics of Diplomacy (Lynne Reiner, 2009)
Barston, R. P.,Modern diplomacy (Longman, 2 end. 1997)JX1662.B2
Quantity and Quality of Reading
You are expected to read widely, but selectively. There is a lot of reading on this list because different books address different essay titles under each topic heading, so it is self-evident that you do not read them all. However you are expected to read widely and pursue your own particular interests. Do not be daunted by the amount of required readings listed for some weeks, you don’t have to read them all. We have just chosen to list a wide range of material so that students have improved access to key texts and can compare what they have read in seminars. You will not need to read everything on the reading list, but you are expected to prepare adequately for each seminar. In other words you should read at least some of the required reading and have prepared well enough to make a useful contribution to discussions. Students are also strongly encouraged to search for further resources that are not on the reading list. With this in mind the reading list is extensive but not exhaustive. This has proved to be a popular module and we wish to ensure an ample supply of literature.
About 5% of the books on this list cannot be obtained from our university libraries because they are out of print. Academic books sometimes go out of print within months of being published and we have to hunt copies down. These are usually texts of secondary importance, but are of interest so we have put them on the reading list because we are aware that many people use other libraries over the vacations and they are often available in other libraries.
Important Reading:
* Breslin J.W. & J.Z. Rubin (eds.), Negotiation Theory and Practice (1991) SLC & OWL
* Zartman, I. W. and M. Berman, The Practical Negotiator (1982) SLC
Melissen, J. (eds) Innovation In Diplomatic Practice JX 1662.I6 - SLC
Nicolson, H. Diplomacy - SLC
Plischke, E. Modern Diplomacy: The Art and the Artisan - SLC
Watson, A. Diplomacy: The Dialogue Between States - JX1662.W2 SLC
Additional Reading:
Berridge, GR, Maurice Keens-Soper, and T.G. Otte. TG Diplomatic theory from Machiavelli to Kissinger JX1662.D4 - SLC
Evans, PB, Jacobson, HK, Putnam, RD, Double-edged diplomacy : international bargaining and domestic politics JX1395.D6 OWL
Fisher, R., Ury, W.L., & Patton, B.M. Getting to YES: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In, QQ545 FIS - GEORGE GREEN - SLC
Hamilton and Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy JX1635.H2 - OWL
Hocking, B, (ed) Foreign ministries: change and adaptation JF1501.F6 - SLC
Langhorne, R, Who are the diplomats now? : current developments in diplomatic services UK/P200 WIL/117 documents division - SLC
Newsom, The Public Dimension of Foreign Policy
Marshall, P. (eds) Positive Diplomacy JX1662.M2 OWL
Stein, KW., Heroic diplomacy: Sadat, Kissinger, Carter, Begin, and the quest for Arab-Israeli peace DS119.7.S8 OWL
Seminar Schedule
(Seminar topics run a week behind the lectures, so there is no Week 1. seminar. All seminars are led by Dr. Pauline Eadie)
Week 2. The Changing Nature of Contemporary Diplomacy (4 February)
This class will introduce students to the main themes of the module, and allocate responsibilities for class discussion topics, and roles in the simulation.
Required Reading:
Berridge, G, Diplomacy: Theory And Practice, 2nd ed JX1662.B4 - SLC & OWL
Bollier, D, The Rise of Netpolitik: How the Internet is Changing International Politics and Diplomacy, available as a pdf from -
Finger, S., Inside the world of diplomacy ebook
Ronfeldt, D & Arquilla, J, What If There Is A Revolution In Diplomatic Affairs, (US Institute of Peace) at -
Watson, A, ‘Diplomacy’, in John Baylis and N. J. Rengger (eds.), Dilemmas of World Politics, pp 159-73 JX1395.D4 SLC
Important Reading:
Breslin & J.Z. Rubin (Eds.), Negotiation Theory and Practice. pp. 3-12.- SLC
Carne, Ross, Independent Diplomat: Despatches from am unaccountable elite, London: Hurst and Company, 2009.
Cohen, R., Negotiating across Cultures, 2nd ed (1997), pp. 67-82 JX1392.C6 - SLC
Craig, GA and George, AL Force and Statecraft: diplomatic problems of our time,
2nd ed D443.C7 - SLC
Druckman, D. "Negotiating in the International Context," in Zartman, I.W. and Rasmussen, J.H., Peacemaking in International Conflict, 81-123. JX4473.P4
Fisher, R. "Beyond YES", in J.W. Breslin & J.Z. Rubin (Eds.), Negotiation Theory and Practice. pp. 123-126.- SLC
Giving In, (entire book) QQ545 FIS -GEORGE GREEN - SLC
Hopmann, P.T., "Two Paradigms of Negotiation: Bargaining and Problem Solving," 542 The Annals of the AmericanAcademy of Political and Social Science 24-47 (November 1995).
Iklé, Fred C., How Nations Negotiate- SLC
Joyner, James, ‘Wikileaks Show American Diplomats in a Good Light’, New Atlanticist, 2 December 2010. Available at:
Khatchadoorian, Raffi, ‘No Secret’s Juliam Assange’s Mission for Total Transparency’ The New Yorker, 7 June 2010. Available at:
McCarthy, W. "The Role of Power and Principle in Getting to YES," in J.W. Breslin & J.Z. Rubin (eds.), Negotiation Theory and Practice. pp. 115-122.- SLC
Rubin, J.Z. "Some Wise and Mistaken Assumptions about Conflict and Negotiation" in J.W. Schelling, T.C. The Strategy of Conflict. Cambridge: HarvardUniversity Press, 1960. Chapter 2 (An Essay on Bargaining). OWL
Zartman, I. W. and M. Berman, The Practical Negotiator (1982) OWL
Additional Reading:
Axelrod, Robert M., The Evolution of Cooperation GEORGE GREEN QQ525 AXE
Bazerman, M.H. "Negotiator Judgment: a Critical Look at the Rationality Assumption," in Breslin, J.W. & J.Z. Rubin (eds.), Negotiation Theory and Practice. pp. 197-209. - SLC
Davis, A.M. "An Interview with Mary Parker Follett," in J.W. Breslin & J.Z. Rubin (eds.) Negotiation Theory and Practice. pp. 13-26. - SLC
Larson, D.W., 'Crisis Prevention and the AustrianState Treaty', International Organization 41, no. 1 (Winter 1987): 27-60.
Osgood, CE An Alternative to War or Surrender
Wetlaufer, G.B. "The Limits of Integrative Bargaining," The Georgetown Law Review, Vol. 85, 1996. pp 369-394.
Week 3. Prenegotiations and Around-the-table Negotiations (11 February)
Prenegotiation is the extensive range of preparations and activity conducted prior to the first stage of formal substantive, or 'around-the-table', negotiation. It is directed at achieving agreement on three matters:
i) Agreement on the possibility that negotiation may prove advantageous to all parties concerned.
ii) Agreement on an agenda for talks.
iii) Agreement on the manner in which the talks should be conducted - questions of procedure.
Seminar questions:- discussed through the medium of a role playing exercise.
• What strategies can be employed to bring reluctant parties to the negotiating table?
• 'The party that sets the agenda dominates the proceedings'. Discuss
• Why does choice of venue make a difference?
• To what extent is pre-negotiation open to abuse by states?
Required Reading:
Berridge, G, Diplomacy: Theory And Practice, 2nd ed - SLC & OWL Chs.2 & 3
Cohen, R., Negotiating across Cultures, pp. 67-82 JX1392.C6 - SLC
Raiffa, H. The Art and Science of Negotiation. Chapter 1 (Some Organizing Questions). pp 11-19. JX4473.R2 - SLC
Stein, J. G. (ed), Getting to the Table: The Process of International Pre-negotiation
first 2 chapters JK1662.G4 - SLC
Saunders, H.H. "We Need a Larger Theory of Negotiation: the Importance of Pre-Negotiating Phases," in J.W. Breslin & J.Z. Rubin (Eds.), Negotiation Theory and Practice. pp. 57-70. - SLC
Poitras, J. 'Bringing Horses to Water? Overcoming Bad Relationships in the Pre-Negotiating Stage of ConsensusBuilding', Negotiation Journal, 19 (3): 251-263, July 2003
Watkins, M. 'Getting to the Table in Oslo: Driving Forces and Channel Factors', Negotiation Journal, 14 (2): 115-135, April 1998
Zartman, W, 'Prenegotiation: Phases and Functions', International Journal, XLIV, (1989): 237-253.
Important Reading:
Cradock, P., Experiences of China (1994), chs. 16-18 DS777.75.C7 OWL
Fisher, R. "Negotiating Power: Getting and Using Influence," in J.W. Breslin & J.Z. Rubin (Eds.), Negotiation Theory and Practice. pp. 127-140.- SLC
Fisher, R. "Negotiating Inside Out: What Are the Best Ways to Relate Internal Negotiations with External Ones?" in J.W. Breslin & J.Z. Rubin (Eds.), Negotiation Theory and Practice. pp. 71-79.- SLC
Goldberg, S.B., Green, E.D., & Sander, F.E.A. "Saying You're Sorry," in J.W. Breslin & J.Z. Rubin, Negotiation Theory and Practice. pp. 141-144.- SLC
Lewicki, RJ., & Litterer, J.A. Negotiation. Chapter 3 (Planning and Preparation). pp. 45-73. On order OWL
Levenotoglu, B, 'Prenegotiation Public Commitment in Domestic and International Bargaining', American Political Science Review, (2005), 99: 419-433
Lax, D.A., & Sebenius, J.K. "The Power of Alternatives or the Limits to Negotiation," in J.W. Breslin & J.Z. Rubin (Eds.), Negotiation Theory and Practice. pp. 97-113.- SLC
Rubin J.Z. "Caught by Choice: the Psychological Snares We Set Ourselves." The Sciences, 1982, 22:7, pp. 18-21.
Salacuse, J.W. "Your Draft or Mine?" In J.W. Breslin & J.Z. Rubin (Eds.), Negotiation Theory and Practice. pp. 181-185.- SLC
Salacuse, J.W., Making Global Deals: What Every Executive Should Know About Negotiating Abroad. pp. 169-173. HF5549.A3.S2 - SLC
Stein, J.G. "Getting to the Table: the Triggers, Stages, Functions, and Consequences of Prenegotiation," in J.G. Stein (Ed.), Getting to the Table: the Processes of International Prenegotiation. Baltimore: The JohnsHopkinsUniversity Press, 1989. pp. 239-268. OWL
Zartman, I. W. and M. Berman, The Practical Negotiator ch. 3 SLC
Additional Reading:
Kelman, H.C. "Coalitions Across Conflict Lines: the Interplay of Conflicts Within and Between the Israeli and Palestinian Communities," in J. Simpson & S. Worchel (Eds.), Conflict Between People and Groups. pp. 236-258. On order
Rothman, J. "Supplementing Tradition: a Theoretical and Practical Typology for International Conflict Management." Negotiation Journal, 1989, 5, pp. 265-277.
Quandt, W. B., Camp David: Peacemaking and Politics (1986), chs. 3-7 DS128.183.Q8 - SLC
Rubin, J.Z., & Sander, F.E.A. "When Should We Use Agents? Direct V. Representative Negotiation," in J.W. Breslin & J.Z. Rubin (Eds.) Negotiation Theory and Practice. pp. 81-88. - SLC
Salacuse, J.W., & Rubin, J.Z. "Your Place or Mine?" Negotiation Journal, January 1990, pp. 5-8. - SLC
Around the Table
If pre-negotiations are successfully concluded, the next task for the negotiators is to move into 'around-the-table' mode. This is generally more formal and there is usually more public awareness of what, in broad terms, is going on. First comes the task of trying to agree on the basic principles of a settlement: the 'formula stage'. If this is achieved, the details then have to be added. The student responsible for this session should begin by looking at the formula stage and conclude with an examination of the 'details stage'.
Seminar questions:
• What, if anything, needs to agreed before parties sit down 'around the table'?
• Consider the tensions between the role of specialists and 'authority' in early phases of negotiation
Required Reading:
Berridge, G, Diplomacy: Theory And Practice, 2nd ed (Macmillan, 2003) - SLC & OWL Chs.2 & 3
Meerts, P., 'The changing nature of diplomatic negotiation', in J. Melissen (ed), Innovation in Diplomatic Practice (1999) JX 1662.I6 - SLC & OWL
Zartman, I. W. and M. Berman, The Practical Negotiator (1982), chs. 4-6 - SLC
Important Reading:
Barston, R.P. Modern Diplomacy Ch 5 JX1662.B2 - SLC
Berridge, G.R. Diplomacy at The UN JX1977.D4 - SLC
Binnendijk, H. (ed), National Negotiating Styles (1987) - SLC on order
Cohen, R., Negotiating across Cultures, 2nd. ed (1997) JX1392.C6 - SLC
Cohen, Y. Media Diplomacy, Chp 6. On order
Craig, G.A. & George, A.L. Force and Statecraft: Diplomatic Problems of Our Time. D443.C7 - SLC
Faure, G & Rubin J, Culture and negotiation : the resolution of water disputes (1993) JX4473.C8 - SLC
Haass, R.N. "Ripeness and the Settlement of International Disputes", Survival, 1988. SLC
Jackson, G. Concord Diplomacy: The Embassador's Role in the World Today – OWL