BODY BLOCK EXAM 2001 QUESTIONS
Slide # 1:Here are low, medium, and high power images similar to our first slide. Write a description.
(20 minutes)
Slide #2:Here are low, medium, and high power images similar to our second slide. Write a description.
(20 minutes)
Gross Anatomy Practical
(40 minutes)
I’m not gonna try to find pix for all of these for you, but this is the list of what we were tested on, so you can look at them in lab or whatever (some of them were radiographs – don’t remember exactly which ones, but make sure you look at MRIs & x-rays!):
- Internal carotid artery
- Middle nasal concha
- Epiglottis
- Tendon of digastric
- Vagus nerve
- R. gastric artery
- Femoral nerve
- Medial belly of gastrocnemius
- Extensor hallicus longus
- Radial nerve
- Flexor carpii radialis
- Short head of bicepps brachii
- Obterator nerve
- Levator ani
- Falx cerebri
- Uvula
- Common peroneal nerve
- Semitendinosis
- Pudendal nerve and vessels
- Piriformis
- Sigmoid colon
- Ulna
- Pulmonary artery (trunk) – this was an MRI (I know ‘cause I had no clue what it was and just wrote “MRI”).
- Maxillary sinus
- Falciform ligament
- Ileum near ileocecal junction
- Gallbladder
- Taenia coli (in descending colon)
- R. exernal iliac artery
- R. ureter
- Medulla of kidney
- Impression of aortic arch (on lung)
- R. bronchus (segmental) – not sure what I meant by “segmental
- R. hemidiaphragm
- Inferior vena cava
- Tendon of sternocleidomastoid sternal head
- Cephalic vein
- R. colic artery
- R. atrium
- Papillar muscle
- Chordae tendinae
- Inferior vena cava as it passes through liver
- Urinary bladder
- Iliacus
- Head of fibula
- Spleen
- Left anterior descending coronary artery
- Pulmonary trunk
- R. pulmonary artery
- Median nerve
- Submandibular salivary gland
- Sternohyoid muscle
- Abdominal aorta
- Genitofemoral nerve
- Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
- Superior cervical sympathetic ganglia
- Hepatic portal vein
- Splenic artery
- Descending colon
- Common bile duct
Question 1: After the Body Block final exam you and a few friends decide to go to the Famous Hilltop Steak House in SaugusMA for a celebratory dinner. While enjoying your meal and recapping the highlights of your favorite course, you notice a man begin to act agitated. As he stands he knocks over his chair and water glass. You and your friends turn to see that he is clutching at his throat and can’t breathe. His wife calls, “is there a doctor in the house?” and you ALL rise to give this man some assistance. As a group you all agree (for once) that it is obvious the man has an obstruction in his airway that he cannot budge by coughing and you will have to do a Heimlich maneuver to help. You stand behind him and wrap your arms around his upper abdomen, one hand making a fist just beneath his Xiphoid process, and your other hand holding your wrist. You hug him tightly to compress his ribs in the midline. You give him three sharp bear hugs and the object flies from his oral cavity across the table. There is much applause as your colleagues congratulate you on your save. The man and his wife are very thankful, but ask you “How did that Heimlich maneuver work?” In your response, give thoughtful reasons why you stood behind the man and why you placed your arms in the position you did. Considering the structure of the pharynx and larynx, where would the bolus of food most likely have lodged? (10 minutes)
Question 2: It is important when looking at anatomy on CT images to look at sequential images and “connect the dots.” When you are trying to determine what a structure is on a CT slice, you must look at several slices above and below to get a three-dimensional idea of the actual shape and relationships of the structure to surrounding organs and tissues. Here are 8 sequential images from a normal abdominal CT scan. Each set of images includes both labeled and unlabeled versions. Look at the structures labeled with the asterisk (*) on each slice and decide what you think the structure(s) is/are. These structures are all veins.
For extra credit, mention the anatomic structures that are adjacent to the structure marked with the asterisk at level 1 and level 8.
(10 minutes)
Okay…the following was the best I could do at recreating this…so you can get the idea. Obviously, you can’t do the extra credit. I’ll try scanning the other ones in, but I don’t think they’ll turn out too well. Follow the blue (not the green that shows up in #4).
1 4
2 5
3 6
Question 3: Fertilization in all metazoans occurs in the outside world. In our species, fertilization also occurs in the outside world, typically in the lumen of the fallopian tube. Male and female gametes (eggs and sperm) must both cross boundaries in order to get to the outside world. Describe or draw the boundary crossed by the male and female gametes.
(15 minutes)
Question 4: Pretend you are a urea molecule excreted by a hepatocyte into the Space of Disse. Describe your journey to the outside world, exiting in urine. Make a label drawing (at the level of a line = plasma membrane) of the endothelial/epithelial interface where you topologically enter the outside world.
(15 minutes).
Question 5: A patient arrives in the ER with severe epigastric pain. The pain subsides without medication during the night, and she is sent home. While at home, during dinner, the severe pain occurs again, this time localized to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen and the right shoulder. She returns to the ER, and X-ray shows free air under the right hemidiaphragm.
In surgery, you find a large amount of cloudy greenish free peritoneal fluid and a 2mm perforated ulcer just distal to the pylorus on the anterior wall of the first portion of the duodenum. In addition there is a large amount of the greenish fluid in the right subphrenic space, overlying the right lobe of the liver.
On the basis of the X-ray and surgical findings, and using your anatomical knowledge, explain the patient’s symptoms. Can you come up with a hypothesis as to why the fluid might accumulate over the right lobe of the liver?
(15 minutes)
Question 6: Atherosclerosis is characterized by irregular lipid deposits, fibrosis and calcification in the tunica intima and meda of arteries. A 60 year old patient with atherosclerosis develops progressive occlusion of the following arteries. For each artery, describe a collateral (alternative) pathway through which the arterial blood might reach the tissues normal supplied by the diseased artery.
(10 minutes)
A. Basilar Artery
B. Radial Artery
C. Inferior Mesenteric Artery
D. Middle Rectal Artery
E. Left Gastric Artery
Question 7: Explain what happens when each of the following reflexes is tested during physical examination, describing both the afferent and efferent limbs of the reflex. You can omit interneuronal connections within the central nervous system from your explanations.
(10 minutes)
A. A tongue depressor is placed firmly on the posterior surface of the tongue or against the anterior surface of the oropharynx.
B. A gentle puff of air is directed at the cornea of the right eye.
C. A light is shone into the left eye.
D. The biceps tendon of insertion on the antebrachium is struck lightly.
E. The infrapatellar tendon is struck lightly.
BONUS
F. A small piece of carrot irritates the laryngeal aditus (entrance).