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Test 3 Review Sheet – Organismal BiologyLecture Test # 3 on 8 April 2005
Note: Test has been moved to Friday, 8 April 2005. The date was incorrect before.
This is your study guide for Lecture Test # 3 which is on the last part of Chapter 33 (starting on page 666 beginning with the millipedes and centipedes) and ALL of Chapter 34.
Go back over your notes, read the book, take the practice quizzes to help get you ready for the test.
Chapter 33 (starting with page 666)
Differences between millipedes and centipedes
Class Insecta – most diverse group
Entomology = study of insects
How metamorphosis works, differences between complete and incomplete
metamorphosis (examples of species that demonstrate each kind)
understand how insects get oxygen (tracheal system)
understand how insects get rid of nitrogenous wastes (Malpighian tubules)
anatomy of grasshopper (insects in general) – Fig. 33.33
how insects reproduce
time and reason for insect diversification
flight in insects– how it works, anatomy of wings, evolution of flight
effects of insects on other terrestrial organisms (e.g., pollinators, disease carriers, etc)
Crustaceans
Know basic appendages and their uses
Gas exchange, circulatory system, nitrogenous waste removal, reproduction
Isopods vs copepods – what are they
Decapods – lobsters, etc. – know examples, cuticle, exoskeleton
Barnacles
Segmentation – biological significance – see notes
Don’t worry about Hox genes and Fig. 33.36
Deuterostomia – Echinodermata
Water vascular system and tube feet - parts and how it works
Characteristics of echinoderms – e.g., pentaradial symmetry, spiny skin, etc. – see notes
All echinoderms are marine
Know common names of organisms that represent the major groups of echinoderms –
See Fig. 33.37
How seastars feed and the parts involved (tube feet and can evert cardiac stomach)
Regeneration
Main characteristics of brittle stars, sea urchins/sand dollars, sea lilies, sea cucumbers
Chapter 34 – Vertebrate Evolution and Diversity
For this chapter – follow the notes very closely – I will be asking you quite a bit of detail.
Pay special attention to the following:
Chordata – characteristics (like notochord, post anal tail, etc)
Know Fig. 34.2
Characteristics, anatomy, and how they feed – urochordates (=tunicates=sea squirts – for the adults and the larvae), cephalochordates (= lancelets=amphioxus)
Somites
Paedogenesis – what it is, an example (mudpuppy)
Entire section 34.B (but know just the general idea of Fig. 34.7) (especially
know:amniotes, tetrapods, gnathostomes, appendicular vs axial skeleton)
The incredible AMNIOTIC EGG – know ALL about it
Entire Section 34.C
Entire Section 34.D – I will ask questions from all pages of your notes, but pay special attention to:
Formation of jaws
sharks and rays
oviparous, ovoviviparous, and viviparous
lateral line system
bony fish characteristics – fish anatomy – Fig 34.13
fish reproduction
swim bladder vs other ways to have neutral buoyancy in the water (like in the shark)
lungfish, lobe-finned fishes, vs ray-finned fishes --- characteristics, importance, which is
more ancient
amphibians – Orders, characteristics of each order, metamorphosis
Entire Section 34.E2 – pay special attention to:
Bird adaptations for flight
How a bird wing works
Endothermic, ectothermic, poikilothermic, homeothermic – know WELL
Bird characteristics
All about feathers
Archeopteryx – famous bird fossil – know about it
Ratite vs carinates
Passeriformes (e.g., sparrows, cardinals, robins – ones we often call perching birds or
song birds)
Entire Section 34.D3 – Mammals – pay special attention to:
Placenta and eutherian mammals
Feeding adaptation for mammals, teeth, diastema, jaws
Monotremes, marsupials – examples and main characteristics
Know general examples from main groups on pages 704-705
Opposable thumb
Entire Section 34.F – pay special attention to:
Know first page of notes well – 34.F page 1
Prosimians vs anthropoids
New World vs Old World Monkeys
Human evolution: brain size, jaw shape, prognathic jaws, bipedal posture, reduced size differences between the sexes
Some key changes in family structure
Lucy
Brachiating (swinging through the trees by the arms)
Prehensile tail (can curl around a branch)
Paleoanthropology
Hominoid (refers to great apes and humans collectively)
Hominid (more narrow meaning- refers to trigs of the evolutionary tree that are more
Closely related to us than any other living species)
Know and understand how the different groups of humans are related to each other (which are older, younger, etc)
Know and understand the key concepts of human evolution (including the famous fossils)