BANGKOK / 0.45 / 0.64 / 0.43 / 0.63 / 0.46 / 0.69 / 0.54 / 0.06 / 0.49 / 0.49
CHENGDU / 0.47 / 0.71 / 0.28 / 0.68 / 0.22 / 0.52 / 0.47 / -0.06 / 0.45 / 0.52
COLOMBO / 0.48 / 0.28 / 0.44 / 0.47 / 0.22 / 0.57 / 0.4 / -0.09 / 0.25 / 0
D.GARCIA / 0.23 / 0.34 / 0.22 / 0.3 / 0.11 / 0.44 / 0.16 / 0.18 / 0.27 / 0.2
GUILIN / 0.59 / 0.88 / 0.73 / 0.77 / 0.47 / 0.87 / 0.62 / 0.37 / 0.50 / 0.71
JAKARTA / 0 / 0.26 / 0.12 / 0.43 / 0.21 / 0.35 / 0.1 / 0.27 / 0.28 / 0.14
KUNMING / 0.68 / 0.88 / 0.59 / 0.84 / 0.6 / 0.85 / 0.5 / 0.53 / 0.74 / 0.65
NEW DELHI / 0.33 / 0.56 / 0.01 / 0.35 / 0.12 / 0.59 / 0.25 / 0.11 / 0.38 / 0.18
XIAN / 0.4 / 0.72 / 0.2 / 0.59 / -0.06 / 0.26 / 0.12 / -0.24 / 0.28 / 0.37
ZHANGYE / 0.46 / 0.69 / 0.79 / 0.82 / 0.72 / 0.68 / 0.33 / 0.48 / 0.73 / 0.75
ZUNYI / 0.48 / 0.83 / 0.57 / 0.77 / 0.37 / 0.77 / 0.3 / 0.16 / 0.66 / 0.56
Table S1: Linear correlation coefficients between monthly δ18Op simulated by SWING2 models and GNIPobservations at different stations. Valuesin red are not significant at P < 0.05 level. For nudged simulations, statistically improved correlations relative to their free runs are highlighted in colored cells.
Figure S1 Comparison of amount effect (correlation coefficient between rainfall and δ18Op) produced by SWING2 models with observations over three Indian stations on two time scales; monthly for JJAS period (magenta) and interannual for JJAS average (green). Vertical solid lines demarcate the significance at levelP = 0.05.
Figure S2 Scatter plot between 19 year mean of JJAS total rainfall and correlation coefficients between rainfall and δ18Op (local amount effect for interannual JJAS).Here, weomitted the all the locations over the ocean as well as the regions over land where total JJAS rainfall is less than 100 mm. Correlation coefficient below −0.46 represent significant amount effect. Many of the models do exhibit a significant correlation (r) between amount of total rainfall and amount effect correlation. Majority of the significant amount effect points lies in moderate rainfall region (highlighted as rectangle in the left corner). In the areas of higher rainfall, most models generally show lack of amount effect.