Figure S1. The pair-wise correlations of type-1 expression (A) and type-2 expression (B) patterns among miRNA genes. The red block indicates that the two genes are highly coordinated in expression values. The yellow block indicates poor correlation between the two genes.


Table S2. The expression values (normalized) of the miRNA genes in the individual bee brains.

YN1 / YN2 / YN3 / YN4 / YN5 / YN6 / YN7 / YN8
miRNA_92 / 0.2601 / 0.3564 / 0.4040 / 0.3260 / 0.2873 / 0.3766 / 0.2478 / 0.1827
miRNA_263 / 2.6857 / 1.2726 / 0.9783 / 0.5624 / 0.7608 / 0.6857 / 0.7610 / 0.8132
miRNA_7 / 1.8224 / 3.8284 / 1.6096 / 1.0424 / 0.7753 / 2.2086 / 0.7241 / 1.0101
miRNA_12 / 0.0927 / 0.1429 / 0.1644 / 0.1216 / 0.1132 / 0.1222 / 0.0996 / 0.0827
miRNA_9b / 0.0108 / 0.1534 / 0.0873 / 0.0725 / 0.0363 / 0.0323 / 0.0417 / 0.0227
miRNA_283 / 0.9927 / 1.0081 / 0.7134 / 0.7783 / 0.7278 / 0.7445 / 0.6786 / 0.3999
miRNA_184 / 0.0319 / 0.0332 / 0.0394 / 0.0288 / 0.0062 / 0.0253 / 0.0355 / 0.0067
miRNA_2-1 / 0.1947 / 0.1566 / 0.0167 / 0.0043 / 0.0109 / 0.0323 / 0.0084 / 0.0078
miRNA_14 / 24.2348 / 27.1660 / 17.1685 / 37.3254 / 9.7831 / 16.5548 / 2.3639 / 6.1172
miRNA_276 / 24.8912 / 24.2117 / 16.9132 / 17.1519 / 10.7361 / 25.0638 / 4.4670 / 4.8817
let_7 / 10.4165 / 15.9557 / 6.4100 / 2.3117 / 2.3059 / 4.8771 / 0.7004 / 2.3740
miRNA_13a / 6.7864 / 8.4064 / 6.3081 / 4.9267 / 2.2686 / 4.8629 / 1.9851 / 3.5538
miRNA_13b / 4.5585 / 8.4978 / 2.8290 / 2.1593 / 1.1964 / 3.1531 / 1.1363 / 2.3157
miRNA_277 / 9.4358 / 6.5184 / 6.4258 / 0.2692 / 2.3587 / 3.3166 / 1.4748 / 2.8885
miRNA_133 / 33.1985 / 32.1499 / 28.1550 / 23.0006 / 21.7179 / 38.5748 / 21.7744 / 18.4666
miRNA_219 / 1.0424 / 2.1019 / 0.7825 / 0.6310 / 1.0483 / 1.2558 / 2.3301 / 0.4178
miRNA_124 / 35.3286 / 37.7675 / 23.2582 / 9.1880 / 9.7926 / 10.7989 / 2.7662 / 7.7388
miRNA_125 / 14.3340 / 17.7845 / 11.3884 / 7.3392 / 5.5349 / 8.2599 / 1.0287 / 3.5191
miRNA_210 / 0.1247 / 0.0757 / 0.0777 / 0.0652 / 0.0946 / 0.1171 / 0.0529 / 0.0988
miRNA_79 / 0.0035 / 0.0082 / 0.0053 / 0.1277 / 0.0841 / 0.0247 / 0.0112 / 0.0028
ON1 / ON2 / ON3 / ON4 / ON5 / ON6 / ON7 / ON8
miRNA_92 / 0.4073 / 0.3149 / 0.3063 / 0.2273 / 0.1975 / 0.1460 / 0.1704 / 0.3617
miRNA_263 / 1.4521 / 0.8378 / 0.8812 / 0.6250 / 1.2916 / 0.6008 / 0.3874 / 1.4776
miRNA_7 / 0.7143 / 1.9250 / 0.4685 / 1.1668 / 0.0983 / 0.8560 / 0.4800 / 0.8565
miRNA_12 / 0.0914 / 0.1884 / 0.0433 / 0.1822 / 0.1789 / 0.0868 / 0.0567 / 0.3463
miRNA_9b / 0.0813 / 0.0345 / 0.0778 / 0.0432 / 0.0047 / 0.0428 / 0.0240 / 0.1110
miRNA_283 / 0.9230 / 0.7588 / 0.6279 / 0.4620 / 0.3323 / 0.4657 / 0.3458 / 1.4311
miRNA_184 / 0.0103 / 0.0086 / 0.0194 / 0.0018 / 0.0074 / 0.0282 / 0.0033 / 0.0264
miRNA_2-1 / 0.0320 / 0.0123 / 0.0033 / 0.0236 / 0.0059 / 0.7943 / 0.0034 / 0.0174
miRNA_14 / 6.3679 / 27.6367 / 10.7500 / 12.3848 / 0.3855 / 13.1838 / 7.6868 / 8.6272
miRNA_276 / 12.2326 / 13.6962 / 6.0751 / 11.2221 / 3.3357 / 4.0272 / 3.6624 / 7.0952
let_7 / 1.7148 / 6.4387 / 1.6077 / 5.9540 / 0.0653 / 0.4899 / 1.2276 / 2.6081
miRNA_13a / 3.2457 / 6.1472 / 0.5844 / 6.2384 / 0.2020 / 0.5384 / 1.5742 / 2.7442
miRNA_13b / 3.1799 / 2.8952 / 0.9248 / 3.3514 / 0.6344 / 1.8892 / 1.0016 / 1.7987
miRNA_277 / 3.1771 / 4.2942 / 1.0151 / 2.8628 / 0.6257 / 0.9305 / 2.6803 / 4.6045
miRNA_133 / 29.1680 / 20.5988 / 17.2761 / 14.8912 / 13.9846 / 15.3710 / 10.9806 / 33.4230
miRNA_219 / 0.6861 / 1.2363 / 0.2729 / 0.5622 / 0.2699 / 0.2057 / 0.3809 / 1.5785
miRNA_124 / 6.6616 / 17.2113 / 8.2890 / 17.4890 / 1.3269 / 9.4239 / 6.5328 / 5.9536
miRNA_125 / 4.0556 / 10.1793 / 4.6051 / 14.4430 / 0.3512 / 4.3166 / 4.9290 / 9.5009
miRNA_210 / 0.0396 / 0.0310 / 0.0150 / 0.0016 / 0.0094 / 0.0071 / 0.0011 / 0.0779
miRNA_79 / 0.0047 / 0.0264 / 0.0287 / 0.0348 / 0.0131 / 0.0017 / 0.0473 / 0.0433
YF1 / YF2 / YF3 / YF4 / YF5 / YF6 / YF7 / YF8
miRNA_92 / 0.2674 / 0.4471 / 0.2209 / 0.2560 / 0.0261 / 0.1051 / 0.1657 / 0.0448
miRNA_263 / 0.6256 / 0.9985 / 0.5435 / 0.6419 / 0.1893 / 0.2640 / 0.6872 / 0.7103
miRNA_7 / 1.4361 / 9.5447 / 1.4273 / 0.6090 / 0.7289 / 0.8520 / 0.6448 / 0.9501
miRNA_12 / 0.1193 / 0.1201 / 0.0837 / 0.1258 / 0.0436 / 0.0456 / 0.1696 / 0.2484
miRNA_9b / 0.0518 / 0.0600 / 0.0955 / 0.0382 / 0.0055 / 0.0278 / 0.0371 / 0.0767
miRNA_283 / 0.9411 / 0.8311 / 0.5330 / 0.6276 / 0.1758 / 0.3491 / 0.3151 / 0.5015
miRNA_184 / 0.0317 / 1.5391 / 0.0067 / 0.0327 / 0.0013 / 0.0013 / 0.0554 / 0.0128
miRNA_2-1 / 0.0498 / 0.0085 / 0.0602 / 0.0022 / 0.0103 / 0.0808 / 0.0052 / 0.0138
miRNA_14 / 14.4230 / 34.1263 / 13.2540 / 3.8940 / 5.3971 / 14.0751 / 22.9995 / 8.1785
miRNA_276 / 7.9087 / 14.9405 / 10.1191 / 4.8459 / 5.2051 / 7.1559 / 12.8941 / 5.9773
let_7 / 3.7438 / 1.7434 / 9.1332 / 2.9733 / 3.1993 / 4.2243 / 2.7533 / 4.4566
miRNA_13a / 4.3955 / 3.3932 / 5.3840 / 2.1732 / 2.8728 / 4.6966 / 1.6517 / 4.4992
miRNA_13b / 2.7457 / 7.4064 / 2.2600 / 0.6550 / 0.9097 / 1.8184 / 1.9298 / 1.5967
miRNA_277 / 5.6747 / 4.2426 / 4.3651 / 1.9427 / 2.1723 / 4.3933 / 1.9111 / 2.2975
miRNA_133 / 24.2370 / 25.1248 / 18.2160 / 15.2708 / 6.8731 / 11.2870 / 14.7174 / 15.0509
miRNA_219 / 1.5353 / 1.0316 / 0.6167 / 0.5716 / 0.7645 / 0.8451 / 3.0940 / 0.9438
miRNA_124 / 12.4641 / 14.6144 / 30.0154 / 9.2292 / 4.7092 / 10.3664 / 13.1035 / 11.5619
miRNA_125 / 89.4695 / 7.7175 / 15.4223 / 4.1379 / 4.5908 / 6.5289 / 5.0789 / 8.0142
miRNA_210 / 0.0345 / 0.2373 / 0.0368 / 0.0340 / 0.0009 / 0.0390 / 0.0156 / 0.0714
miRNA_79 / 0.0251 / 0.0209 / 0.0828 / 0.0097 / 0.0652 / 0.0450 / 0.0245 / 0.0153
OF1 / OF2 / OF3 / OF4 / OF5 / OF6 / OF7 / OF8
miRNA_92 / 0.2563 / 0.2553 / 0.3824 / 0.3751 / 0.5940 / 0.5056 / 0.5379 / 0.2087
miRNA_263 / 4.3646 / 0.6610 / 0.6947 / 0.5950 / 1.7267 / 0.9815 / 0.7660 / 0.5984
miRNA_7 / 1.0715 / 0.6695 / 0.7905 / 0.3519 / 0.8312 / 1.1947 / 0.4519 / 1.7805
miRNA_12 / 3.6593 / 0.0370 / 0.2869 / 0.1730 / 0.1991 / 0.2372 / 0.1409 / 0.1873
miRNA_9b / 0.4616 / 0.0274 / 0.0337 / 0.0468 / 0.0286 / 0.0428 / 0.0320 / 0.0494
miRNA_283 / 0.6200 / 1.0971 / 0.8987 / 0.8893 / 1.3483 / 1.2526 / 1.1788 / 1.0481
miRNA_184 / 0.0528 / 0.1601 / 0.0013 / 0.0816 / 0.1046 / 0.0641 / 0.0368 / 0.0036
miRNA_2-1 / 0.0063 / 0.0021 / 0.0457 / 0.0043 / 0.0160 / 0.0878 / 0.0323 / 0.0050
miRNA_14 / 30.7834 / 7.7390 / 9.2672 / 3.6541 / 7.9730 / 6.9792 / 8.3133 / 13.7695
miRNA_276 / 8.6624 / 5.0848 / 7.3114 / 2.9444 / 4.2476 / 6.1843 / 7.5178 / 10.3910
let_7 / 0.8722 / 2.7040 / 2.8829 / 1.5451 / 0.9439 / 2.5140 / 2.0760 / 4.1337
miRNA_13a / 4.6852 / 1.8889 / 2.8307 / 2.2976 / 2.1334 / 3.0695 / 2.2418 / 4.4636
miRNA_13b / 2.3352 / 1.5159 / 1.8415 / 1.9432 / 1.9055 / 2.0870 / 1.0837 / 2.4292
miRNA_277 / 18.3846 / 1.7384 / 2.2420 / 1.5884 / 4.0824 / 2.8281 / 2.1197 / 2.7984
miRNA_133 / 15.0062 / 16.6526 / 27.7068 / 23.4051 / 41.8638 / 30.3937 / 22.8997 / 17.8074
miRNA_219 / 2.5120 / 0.3612 / 0.7177 / 0.4302 / 13.3257 / 0.8308 / 1.5119 / 0.4259
miRNA_124 / 5.4491 / 6.6589 / 11.1643 / 3.9309 / 5.7286 / 8.4164 / 6.4314 / 12.9157
miRNA_125 / 10.3857 / 4.2216 / 4.6903 / 4.8184 / 9.7631 / 9.0358 / 4.8133 / 9.2976
miRNA_210 / 1.3409 / 0.0303 / 0.0201 / 0.0192 / 0.0341 / 0.0102 / 0.0645 / 0.0058
miRNA_79 / 0.0070 / 0.0057 / 0.0348 / 0.0068 / 0.0153 / 0.0156 / 0.0030 / 0.0646


Table S1. Two-factor ANOVA (with replication) p-values showing correlation of expression of microRNA precursors with behavior and/or age of honeybees. The significant (p <0.05) associations are indicated by p values in bold.

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microRNA gene Behavior Age Age x Behavior

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miRNA-92 0.823105 0.014572 0.019669

miRNA-283 0.435158 0.037301 0.004464

miRNA-276 0.045106 0.003946 0.014571

let-7 0.347009 0.003776 0.787429

miRNA-13a 0.153649 0.001688 0.20216

miRNA-124 0.447397 0.003004 0.864626

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