Sociology
Review- Chapters 8,12,14 Answer Sheet
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1.Behavior that violates significant social norms is called
deviant2.To be labeled deviant, one must
Be detected committing a deviant and be stigmatized by society3.A stigma is- a mark of social grace that sets the deviant apart from the rest of the society
4.The Rules of Sociological Method suggest that deviance has the following uses in social life: clarify norms, used as a form of social control and act that has serious negative consequences
5.Deviance viewed as the natural outgrowth of values, norms, and structure of society: known as the strain theory, developed by Robert Merton and major functionalist explanation
6.The situation that arises when the norms of society are unclear or are no longer applicable is referred to as
anomie7.The concepts of culturally approved goals and the legitimate means of achieving these goals was devised by
Edwin Lemert8.Of the five modes of adaptation, ____ is not a deviant response.
innovation9.Conflict theorist believe that: conformity
10.Conflict theorist believe that: conformity
11.The interactionist perspective focuses on: control theory, cultural transmission theory and labeling theory
12.The control theorist Travis Hirschi argued that: the development of strong social bonds leads to lower levels of deviance
13.____ suggested that conformity is the result of self-control.-Hirschi and Gottfredson
14.____ explains deviance as a learned behavior.- cultural transmission theory
15.The frequency and closeness of associations a person has with deviant and nondeviant individuals is called: differential association
16.____ believe that some people show a strong commitment to society’s norms, yet still engage in deviance. –Sykes and Matza
17.The labeling theory: focus on how individuals are labeled as a deviant, notes that all people commit deviant acts in their lives, and describes two types of deviance
18.Principle types of crime in the United States include: violent crimes, crimes against property, and white collar crimes
19.Sanctions serve the following functions for corrections: retribution, rehabilitation, and deterrance
20.The juvenile justice system is made up of:
21.What are considered more serious crimes : arson, murder, robbery
22.Statistics reveal what about crime: men are more likely to be arrested than women, more than two thirds of people arrested are white, and almost half of those arrested are under the age of 25
23.The process of labeling an individual as deviant is called: degradation ceremony
24.The suspension of moral beliefs to commit deviant acts is a: technique of neutralization
25.Most Americans marry individuals with characteristics similar to their own, including: religious faith, age and race
26.A nuclear family consists of: one or both parents and their children
27.In 1960 there were a dozen U.S. states that made interracial marriages: illegal
28.Factors that have contributed to heterogamy include: higher college enrollments, geographical mobility, and participation of women in the workforce
29.What do most sociologist argue is the most-devastating family disruption?- family violence
30.When was the widespread nature of family violence confirmed in a nationwide study?- 1975
31.The most common marital system in the majority of preindustrial societies around the world is- polygamy
32.In preindustrial times, families had to provide for their own needs by-growing their own food, making their own clothes and building their own houses
33.After industrialization, why did families no longer need to be self-sufficient?- factories could meet most needs, more charitable organizations and government agencies
34.Kinship traced through the mother’s family is called- matrilocaltiy
35.What is the family disruption that receives a great deal of media attention?- divorce
36.What are the functions of the family?- regulation of sexual activity, economic security, and socialization
37.In recent decades, the traditional family has been replaced by: dual earner families, childless families and one-parent families
38.All societies enforce some type of incest taboo, which :forbids sexual relations or marriages with certain relatives
39.If a newly married couple is expected to live with or near the husband’s parent, they are most likely part of a: partilocality
40.The residential pattern found most commonly in industrial societies is: neolacality
41.Today in the United States it is not at all uncommon for a woman to have her first child at what age?: 30
42. Describe a family where the mother and the father share authority?- egalitarian
43.Sociologists use the term marriage to refer to: the set of norms that establishes and characterizes the relationship between married couples
44.Today in the United States women are pursuing nontraditional careers as: doctors, computer scientists and university professors
45.Studies show that daughters of working women may: have a better self-image
46.What are the causes of one-parent families?: divorce , birth to unwed mothers and death of a spouse
47.Polygamy is relatively rare even in the societies where it is an acceptable marital system. This is because-such a household is expensive to support
48.The educational issues facing the United States in the early 2000s include- educational reform
49.The most important functions of religion include- social cohesion, emotional support and social control
50.Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are examples of- monotheistic religions
51.A relatively small religious organization that typically has split off from a denomination is referred to as- a sect
52.Belief systems can be organized into three basic types- animism, theism, and ethicalism
53.Changing immigration patterns in the United States have- added to the variety of religion
54.The following groups are more likely to participate regularly in religious services: women, African-Americans and the elderly
55.The largest religious membership in the United States belongs to the- Roman Catholics
56.An example of a religious ritual is- baptism, wedding, and funeral
57.The best-known polytheistic religion is- Hinduism
58.Formal education that involves instruction by specially trained teachers who follow officially recognized policies is called- schooling
59.Functional sociologists believe that the most important function of education includes-teaching of knowledge and skills, the transmission of culture, and social integration and occupational placement
60.Examples of subjects included in core curriculum are- language and literature and math and history
61.After families, schools are the most important and obvious means through which children learn- social values, norms and beliefs
62.The following serves to screen and select the members of society for the work they will do as adults- education
63.Anything that is considered to be part of the supernatural world that inspires awe, respect, and reverence is- sacred
64.The assignment of students to different types of educational programs is considered- tracking
65.Statistics show a(n) ____ relationship between education and income.- strong
66.Sociologist Samuel Bowles found that among the highest-achieving high-school students, most of those from wealthy families- attended college
67.Americans have long believed that education is the key to- social mobility
68.The following is not a goal included in the Goals 2000: Educate America Act: all children will start school ready to learn, every American adult will be literate, and all schools will promote parent participation in their children’s educational lives
69.Parents may receive a voucher equal to the amount their state spends on education for their child under the concept of- school choice
70.Some parents choose to home school because they- are dissatisfied with the quality of education offered by public schools, ideological or religious reasons, and feel that public school does not meet the level or interests of their children
Unti Test- Chapters 8,12,14
Answer Section
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