Jessie Ho
Misty Li
Jamie Yang
Period 4
German States/Prussia Fill In Review Test
In the mid-fifteenth century, the (1)______dynasty gained the imperial throne which remained hereditary for centuries. They gained land and power primarily through (2)______. In 1477, Maximilian, the Habsburg ruler of Austria married (3)______of Burgundy. This marriage was the key to making the Habsburg an international power. Another key marriage was between Ferdinand and Isabella. However, France was not happy with these marriages, which caused the (4)______Wars. In the sixteenth century, the Holy Roman Empire (5)______a strong central power. Originally, there were about (6)_____ states in the Empire. (7)______, a nineteen year-old Habsburg prince, was chosen by the electors to rule the large territory. The religion of this prince was (8)______. In 1556, (9)______abdicated the throne to his brother Ferdinand, who ruled the (10)______Habsburgs, and to his son Phillip II, who ruled the (11)______Habsburgs. In 1559, the Treaty of (12)______signified the victory of the Spanish Habsburgs over the French Valois dynasty, ending the era of (13)______wars.
The (14)______Reformation began in Germany when Martin Luther posted the (15)______against the sale of (16)______on the door of the Wittenberg Church. Consequently, the Holy Roman Empire became religiously divided between Catholicism and Lutheranism. Also during this time, peasants in Germany were unhappy and published the (17)______, a document expressing grievances in Swabia. In 1555, the Peace of (18)______allowed each leader to choose either Catholicism or Lutheranism for their territory. This uneasy truce gave way when Catholics became alarmed that Lutherans were acquiring German (19)______, and when (20)______, a religion not included in the treaty began to spread. Fearing the Catholics and Calvinists, the Lutheran princes felt compelled to form the (21)______. In response, the Catholics formed the Catholic League. Each alliance was determined that the other should make no religious or territorial advance. Violence soon erupted in 1617. In the Danish phase of the war, the Habsburg power peaked in the (22)______, a document that stated that all Catholic property lost to Protestantism since 1552 were to be restored and only Catholics and Lutherans were allowed to practice their religion. However in the Swedish Phase of the War, Swedish victories ended the Habsburg ambition to unite the German states under imperial authority. German agriculture and commerce were destroyed in the last international stage of the war, where the French, Dutch, and Swedes attacked the Habsburgs. Peace was finally achieved in the Thirty Year’s War with the Peace of (23)______in 1648. Sweden received a large (24)______indemnity and jurisdiction over German territories along the Baltic Sea. The Thirty Years’ War was fought on German soil; therefore, the empire experienced huge losses in agricultural land, livestock, trade, and commerce. (25)______in southern cities such as Augsburg was virtually destroyed. However, the most important consequence of the Thirty Year’s War was that it recognized the independence of over 300 German princes.
After 1400, the eastern German princes lost political (26) ______and influence. A new landed nobility, the (27) ______family ruled Prussia. However, they had little real power. The elector of (28)______along with six other electors had the right to choose the Holy Roman Emperor. Still, he had no military strength whatsoever. During the Thirty Years’ War the elector of Brandenburg’s territories were ravaged by Swedish and Habsburg armies. The devastation of Brandenburg and Prussia prepared the way for (29)______absolutism. This weakened the political power of the (30)______, the representative assemblies of the realm. A talented young elector named (31)______also known as the Great Elector, took a giant step towards absolutism. His goal was to unify the three provinces of (32)______, (33)______, and his holdings in the (34)______. The struggle between the Great Elector and the provincial estates, dominated by the (35)______, was long and intense. To pay for the permanent standing army, Frederick William forced the estates to accept the introduction of permanent (36)______without consent. The Great Elector built his absolutist state on collaboration with traditional elites, reaffirming their privileges in return for loyal service. He also created a larger centralized government bureaucracy to oversee his territory and collect taxes.
In 1701, his son (37)______, or “the Soldiers’ King,” received the title of king of Prussia, instead of (38)______. Under his rule, Prussia built the best (39)______in Europe for its size. He also established Prussian (40)______, eliminating the last traces of the parliamentary estates and local self-government. The Prussian (41)______was not destroyed but enlisted into the army, creating an officer caste. Despite his first-rate army, Prussia was almost always at (42)______. However, the Soldiers’ King established Prussia as a rigid and highly disciplined civil society nicknamed the “Sparta of the North,” and (43)______became the highest virtue in Prussia.
Answer Key:
(1) Habsburg
(2) Marriage
(3) Mary
(4) Habsburg-Valois
(5) Lacked
(6) 300
(7) Charles V
(8) Catholicism
(9) Charles V
(10) Austrian
(11) Spanish
(12) Cateau-Cambresis
(13) Dynastic
(14) Protestant
(15) Ninety-Five Theses
(16) Indulgences
(17) Twelve Articles
(18) Augsburg
(19) Bishoprics
(20) Calvinism
(21) Protestant Union
(22) Edict of Restitution
(23) Westphalia
(24) Cash
(25) Trade
(26) Power
(27) Hohenzollerns
(28) Brandenburg
(29) Hohenzollern
(30) Estates
(31) Frederick William
(32) Brandenburg
(33) Prussia
(34) Rhine
(35) Junkers
(36) Consent
(37) Frederick William I
(38) Elector
(39) Army
(40) Absolutism
(41) Nobility
(42) Peace
(43) Obedience