KEY:The Civil War – Part 2

Chapter 16.3: The War in the West

Examine the “History and Geography” annotated map on. Pp. 526-7.

Chapter 16.4: Daily Life during the War

  1. What concerns did Lincoln have about abolishing slavery?
  • Did not believe he had the constitutional power to abolish slavery
  • Worried about effects of emancipation
  • Laborers in North worried that freed slaves would move north and compete for jobs
  • Abolitionists said war would be pointless without freedom for African Americans
  • Worried about losing support for the war (border states)
  • Use of slave labor was helping the Confederacy (so he used his power as commander-in-chief to free them in the Emancipation Proclamation; it was a military order that freed slaves only in areas controlled by the Confederacy)
  1. How did people react to the Emancipation Proclamation?
  • African Americans had “night watch” meetings at churches – prayed, sang, gave thanks
  • William Lloyd Garrison – noted that slavery continued in slave states
  • Encouraged enslaved Africans to escape when Union troops near, followed them for protection
  • Loss of slaves crippled South’s ability to wage war
  1. What was the 54th Massachusetts Infantry?

Union army unit consisting of mostly free African Americans

  1. Describe the activities of the 54th Massachusetts and William Carney.
  • Led a heroic charge on Fort Wagner, SC, in 1863
  • Huge casualties – about half killed, wounded or captured
  • William Carney – first African American to receive the Congressional Medal of Honor (created during the Civil War) after he was shot several times while keeping the U.S. flag aloft during the battle
  • Most celebrated African American unit in the war
  1. About how many African Americans served in the Union army?

180,000

  1. Who were the Copperheads, and why did they oppose the war?
  • Northern Democrats who opposed the war, called Copperhead by their enemies
  • Midwesterners that sympathized with the South and opposed abolition
  • Called for the end of the war
  1. How did Lincoln react to the Copperheads?

Saw them as a threat, suspended the right of habeas corpus (constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment) – Union officials jailed their enemies, including some Copperheads, without evidence or trial

  1. What caused the New York Draft Riots? Effect?
  • Critics of the war, the draft and the substitute policy called it a “rich man’s war and a poor man’s fight”
  • July 1863 – riots broke out when African Americans were brought into New York City to replace striking Irish dock workers
  • Rioters attacked African Americans and draft offices; more than 100 people died
  1. What was the biggest killer in the war?

Diseases such as typhoid, pneumonia, and tuberculosis – killed nearly twice as many as died in combat

  1. How did women contribute to the war effort?
  • Worked in factories and on farms
  • Performed daily chores usually done by men
  • Managed farms and plantations
  • Tended wounded soldiers
  • Sally Louise Tompkins established small hospital near Richmond, VA – made an honorary captain in Confederate army
  1. Who was Clara Barton?
  • “angel of the battlefield”
  • Volunteer working with wounded Union soldiers
  • Organized collection of medicine and supplies for delivery to the battlefield
  • At field hospitals, soothed the wounded and dying and assisted doctors
  • Work formed the basis of future American Red Cross

Chapter 16.5: The Tide of War Turns

  1. What was the Gettysburg Address? Why did Lincoln say the war was being fought?
  • Lincoln’s speech in which he praised the bravery of Union soldiers and renewed his commitment to winning the Civil War
  • Reminded listeners of the reasons the war was being fought – liberty, equality, democracy
  1. What is total war? Why did Sherman use this tactic?
  • Destroying civilian and economic resources
  • Sherman believed that total war would ruin the South’s economy and its ability to fight
  • Destruction of southern plantations would be felt economically for years after the war
  1. Why did Lee decide to surrender his troops at Appomattox?
  • Running low on supplies
  • Trapped by Union army
  • Recognized the situation was hopeless
  1. Copy the chart on p. 542 into your notes, and answer the “Analysis Skills” question below it.
  1. List effects of the Civil War and the problems the South would face mentioned in the reading.
  • 620,000 killed
  • Ended slavery in the South
  • Majority of former slaves had no homes or jobs
  • Southern economy in ruins
  • Tremendous hostility remained

Read, “History and Geography: The Ideals of the North and South,” pp. 515a-d

  1. How do the speeches differ in tone?
  2. What assumption does each speaker make?
  3. Compare/Contrast the ideas expressed by each leader.