Chapter 12 – Weathering, Soil, and Erosion

Study Guide

The dissolving of limestone by acid rain / require that the landscape and vegetation of mined lands be restored / There is no wind or rain / decayed plants and animals / Chemical weathering changes the composition of the rock
Sulfate that accumulated earlier in the soil is still being flushed into the lakes by run-off / Warm and humid / bedrock / Carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen compounds / water
  1. One method of lessening environmental impact of strip mining is to ______

______

  1. Organic material (humus) in soil is made from ______
  1. ______is located beneath soil layers.
  1. ______plays the MOST important part in chemical weathering.
  1. An example of chemical weathering is ______

______

  1. Why does erosion not occur on the moon? ______
  1. The fundamental difference between chemical weathering and mechanical weathering is

that ______

  1. Government programs to reduce acid rain have resulted in cleaner emissions from U.S. industries in recent years. As a result, the sulfate concentration in rainwater has declined significantly. But the sulfate concentration in some lakes is showing little, if any, change. Why might this be true? ______
  2. Chemical weathering likely to occur most rapidly in a ______and

______climate.

  1. List the items, that when released into the atmosphere, can cause acid rain to form?

______, ______, and ______

Planting trees along edges of fields / The cracking of concrete pavement / Tropical forest soil / Contour farming / Very slow movement of soil down a slope
Weathered material saturated with water flows downhill / Strip cropping / Water expands as it freezes / Planting and harvesting the same crop year after year, removes nutrients / Movement of a mass of bedrock or loose soil down a slope
talus / blocks of land that tilt and move downhill
  1. An example of soil depletion is ______.
  1. Three ways that soil erosion can be reduced are: ______

______, and ______

  1. Which type of soil would you expect to find in a region that is hot and rainy year-round?

______

  1. ______is an example of mechanical weathering.
  1. Describe a mudflow ______
  1. ______, ______, and ______are major agents of erosion.
  1. Which property of water makes frost wedging possible? ______
  1. ______is when the farmer plants in rows that follows the contour of the land.
  1. ______are formed by planting trees along the edges of fields.
  1. ______is alternating rows of crops, one row leaves bare

ground, the other covers the ground.

SOL Review

21.The breakdown of rocks and minerals into smaller particles without a changein composition is called —

F igneous intrusion

G chemical precipitation

H mechanical weathering

J metamorphic foliation

22)

In the jar shown, a sample of soil was mixed with water and then allowed to settle for 24 hours. The jar serves as a model for what process?

F Evaporation of water from a muddy pond

G Formation of soil from parent material

H Deposition of sediment in a lake bed

J Erosion of rock particles by water

23) Which of these best describes forest soil?

F More rock fragments in the humus layer than in deeper layers

G More organic matter in the humus layer than in deeper layers

H More clay in the humus layer than in deeper layers

J More sand-sized particles in the humus layer than in deeper layers

24)

Which layer of the soil profile would be affected the most by weathering and erosion?

F 1

G 2

H 3

J 4

25) Limestone chips dissolve after they are placed in a beaker of dilute acid.Which geologic process is this most similar to?

F Faulting

G Folding

H Weathering

J Subduction

26)

27)Organic matter in soil is made from —

F weathered parent rock

G decayed plants and animals _

H acid rain

J carbon dioxide

28)What is located beneath soil layers?

A Bedrock_

B Humus

C Lava

D Tundra

29)

30)

31)

32)

Why does erosion not occur on the

moon?

A The rock surface of the moon is too

hard.

B There is no animal life.

C There is no wind or rain. _

D The gravitational pull of the moon is too

weak.

33)

34)

One method of lessening the

environmental impact of strip mining

is to —

A mine only nontoxic materials

B only mine during the evening hours

C feed the animals displaced by the mine

D require that the landscape and

vegetation of mined lands be restored

35)

36)

Which of the following is an example of

chemical weathering?

A Splits in a rock due to tree roots

B Pulverized rock resulting from a

landslide

C A rock broken into chunks after

being carried by rapidly flowing water

D The dissolving of limestone by acid

Rain

37)

38. Label the parts of the soil profile

39. In which layer would you find humus? ______

There will be 10 matching questions from your vocabulary homework. Be able to match the following words with the correct definition:

WEATHERING

ABRASION

ACID RAIN

PARENT MATERIAL

RESIDUAL SOIL

TRANSPORTED SOIL

HUMUS

EROSION

CHEMICAL WEATHERING

MECHANICAL WEATHERING