Apa Chart Concordia University, St. Paul

APA CHART – CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY, ST. PAUL

Situation / APA (In Text Citation) / APA (Reference Page)
Anonymous author
This should only be used if the work is signed “Anonymous.” / Research found that 42 percent of monkeys view bananas as an aphrodisiac (Anonymous, 2008). OR
Research found that “42 percent of monkeys reacted to the bananas in the same way as the other aphrodisiacs” (Anonymous, 2008). OR
Research suggest (as cited in Anonymous, 2008), “42 percent of monkeys reacted to the bananas in the same way as the other aphrodisiacs.” / Anonymous. (2008) Monkey love. Cambridge, MA: Peachtree Publications. book
OR
Anonymous. (2008) Monkey mischief. Animal News USA, 13(2), 42-51. journal article
Article / See journal
Artwork
(artist’s name, year of fabrication, title of piece, medium, location) / Pablo Picasso’s Baboon and Young demonstrates the creativity of the artist.
In Baboon and Young, the mother’s tail is an important part of the piece (Picasso, 1951). / Picasso, P. (1951). Baboon and young [Bronze sculpture]. Minneapolis, MN: Minneapolis Institute of At.
Picasso, P. (1951). Baboon and young [Bronze sculpture]. Retrieved from www.
artsonnected. Org/resource/2590/baboon-and-young
As cited in / See secondary source
Bible or Qur’am
Include the version of the source in text—do not list in the references. / The comparison was “the glass as it were a brilliant star: Lit from a blessed Tree” (Qur’an, Al-Nour, Surah 24:35).
…as is seen in this passage: “Though thou mount on high as the eagle, and though thy nest be set among the stars” (Obadiah 1:4, American Standard Version). / ·  Classical material, such as the Bible and the Qur’am, are not included in the references because the sections are standardized across various versions.
Situation / In-text citations / References
Book, one author
(direct quote) / Sal Smith found that “42 percent of the monkeys in the study did eat the mangos (1987, p. 42). OR
Sal Smith (1987) found that “42 percent of the monkeys in the study did eat the mangoes” (p. 42). OR
Research showed that “42 percent of the monkeys ate the mangoes” (Smith, 1987, p. 42). / Smith, S. (1987). Monkey trouble: Today and every day. Boston, MA: Plumtree Publications.
Book, one author
(paraphrase) / Sal Smith found that 42 percent of the monkeys in the study did eat the mangos (1987).
OR
Sal Smith (1987) found that 42 percent of the monkeys in the study did eat the mangoes.
OR
Research found that 42 percent of the monkeys ate the mangoes (Smith, 1987). / Smith, S. (1987). Monkey trouble: Today and every day. Boston, MA: Plumtree Publications.
Book, two authors
(direct quote) / Smith and Wright found that “42 percent of the monkeys in the study did eat the mangos (1987, p. 42). OR
Smith and Wright (1987) found that “42 percent of the monkeys in the study did eat the mangoes” (p. 42). OR
Research shows that “42 percent of the monkeys ate the mangoes” (Smith & Wright, 1987, p. 42). / Smith, S., & Wright, P. (1993). Monkeys in the wild: A new day. Boston, MA: Plumtree Publications.
Book, two authors
(paraphrase)
Book, two authors with
same last name / Smith and Wright found that 42 percent of the monkeys in the study did eat the mangos (1987). OR
Smith and Wright (1987) found that 42 percent of the monkeys in the study did eat the mangoes. OR
Research shows that monkeys will eat mangoes (Smith & Wright, 1987). / Smith, S., & Wright, P. (1993). Monkeys in the wild: A new day. Boston, MA: Plumtree Publications.
Duvall, K., & Person, M. (2000). Primate pizazz. Saint Paul, MN: Blossom Publishers.
Situation / In-text citations / References
Book, three, four, or five authors (direct quote)
·  List all authors the first time you cite them, but after the first time, list the author’s last name, followed by et al.
·  Notice the period goes after al and not et. / According to Smith, Wright, and Brown (1990), “42 percent of the monkeys in the study ate the mango first, then proceeded to the bananas” (p. 291). OR
According to Smith, Wright, and Brown, “42 percent of the monkeys in the study ate the mango first, then proceeded to the bananas” (1990, p. 291). OR
Only “42 percent of the monkeys in the study ate the mango first, then proceeded to the bananas” (Smith, Wright, & Brown, 1990, p. 291). / Smith, S., Wright, S., & Brown, M. (1990). Monkey see monkey do: a cautionary tale. Boston, MA: Plumtree Publications.
Book, three, four, or five authors (paraphrase)
·  List all authors the first time you cite them in text, but after the first time, list the first author’s last name, followed by et al.
·  Notice the period goes after al and not et. / Smith, Wright, and Brown (1990) conclude that 42 percent of the monkeys favored mango. Smith et al. go on to point out that bananas were the 2nd favorite fruit of the study group.
OR
Research shows that mango is favored over banana (Smith, Wright, & Brown, 1987). Smith et al. plan to research cantaloupe next. / Smith, S., Wright, S., & Brown, M. (1990). Monkey see monkey do: A cautionary tale. Boston, MA: Plumtree Publications.
Book, six or seven authors / Evans et al. (2011) argued that monkeys prefer bananas to popcorn because of the texture. (paraphrase)
OR
Evans et al. declared that “only 33 percent of the monkeys preferred popcorn to bananas” (2011, p. 5). (direct quote)
For IN-TEXT CITATIONS, cite only the surname of the first author followed by et al. (not italicized and period after al)—even the first time—and the year. / Evans, I., Jons, I., Ming, I., Tone, S., Garcia, H., Nun, M., & Yang, W. (2000). Ape behavior (3rd ed.). San Angelo, TX: Tone Press. (seven authors)
For REFERENCES, list all surnames and first-name initials up to seven authors.
Situation / In-text citations / References
Book, eight or more authors
In-text citations:
cite only the surname of the first author followed by et al. (not italicized) and the year—even the first time.
In references:
When there are eight or more authors, write out the first six, insert and ellipsis (three periods), and follow the ellipsis with the last author’s name. / Wright et al. (1994) state, “42 percent of the monkeys chose to eat mangos rather than bananas when given the choice” (p. 67). (direct quote)
OR
Wright et al. state, “42 percent of the monkeys chose to eat mangos rather than bananas when given the choice” (1994, p. 67). (direct quote)
OR
The studies revealed that “42 percent of the monkeys chose to eat mangos rather than bananas when given the choice” (Wright et al., 1994, p.67). (direct quote)
OR
Wright et al. (2011) argued that monkeys prefer bananas to popcorn because of the texture. (paraphrase) / Poullada, P., Gehan, J., Wright, S., Brown, M., Lew, I., Mandel, A., Iwaszek, T.,…Gehan, J. (1999). Ape business. Ames, IA: Transition Publishing.
(eight or more authors)
When there are eight or more authors, write out the first six, insert an ellipsis (three periods), and follow the ellipsis with the last author’s name.
·  Note there is a comma after the period following the initial—before the ellipsis.
Books or articles, same author(s), same year and different year
In references, list books by same author in order of earliest to latest.
References of the same author in the same year are arranged alphabetically by article or book title. / Monkeys imitate humans eating an apple more on cloudy days (Person, 2004, 2005).
A study conducted by Duvall and Person (2008a, 2008b) explained how weather affects animal behavior. / Duvall, L., & Person, C. (2008a). Behind the ape ball. Animal Digest, 14(3), 45-54.
Duvall, L., & Person, C. (2008b, Spring). Monkey tea time. Science Digest, 4, 1111-1114.
Person, C. (2004). Weather permitting. St. Paul, MN: Bluedog Press.
Person, C. (2005). Weather or not. St. Paul, MN: Bluedog Press.
Book with an editor
(direct quote from editor) / According to Dr. Stoffer, “Monkeys are capable of understanding and performing basic card tricks” (2003, pp. ii-x). / Stoffer, J. T. (Ed.). (2003). Anthology of ape stories. Apricotville, ME: Sorrento Press.
Situation / In-text citations / References
Brochure or pamphlet / The Sunflower Zoo’s brochure “Zoo Highlights,” explains how weather affects monkeys (n.d.). OR
“Monkeys exhibit repetitious behavior more often on overcast days” (Sunflower Zoo, n.d.). / Sunflower Zoo. (n.d.). Zoo highlights [Brochure]. St. Joseph, MO: Starburst Printing.
Chapter of a book with an editor
ALSO
Story or article appearing in an anthology.
·  Do not include editor info. in the in-text citation but do include it in the references. / Smith states that monkeys “can’t get enough fruit” (2003, p. 67). (direct quote)
Smith suggests that monkeys eat fruit until they are full (2003). (paraphrase)
·  Do not include editor information in the in-text citation but do include it in the references. / Smith, S. (2003). Fruits and monkeys. In J. T. Stoffer (Ed.), Anthology of ape stories, (pp. 66-76). Apricotville, ME: Sorrento Press.
·  Do include both chapter title and book title.
Chapter of a book with two editors
(direct quote)
(also story in anthology)
·  Note: Even if Ming wrote the article in 2003, use date the article appeared in edited book. / Ming states that monkeys “are borderline obsessed with the idea that bananas are phenomenal” (2004, p. 64).
·  Do not include editor info. in text, but do include the chapter title and book title in the references.
·  Chapter titles should appear inside quotation marks when mentioned in text. / Ming, S. (2004). Banana monkeys. In J. B. Wright & M. L. Jacobs (Eds.), Monkey religions: Do they have them? (pp. 1-64). Apricotville, ME: Sorrento Press.
·  Note: Initials come before editor(s)’ last names—not after.
Corporation as author
Several articles in the
same year
Handbook
·  Use a, b, c, etc. after the dates to distinguish the different materials published in the same year all by the same author(s). / The Corporate Readers Council (CRC) handbook states that “participation in the mentoring program is 100 percent voluntary” (2001c, p. 2).
OR
The CRC invites employees to participate in self-evaluation sessions (2001b).
OR
Not all mentors and mentees are good matches (Corporate Readers Council [CRC], 2001a).
·  Use brackets for parentheses within parentheses. / Corporate Readers Council (CRC). (2001a). Corporate relationships. Corporate Readers Council a-z [Handbook]. Greenly, VT: CRC Press.
CRC. (2001b). Mentoring. CRC guidelines [Handbook]. Greenly, VT: CRC Press.
CRC. (2001c). Strategies for mentors. Corporate Readers Council handbook [Handbook]. Greenly, VT: CRC Press.
·  If the same organization is listed in the references more than once, spell out the first time and put the acronym in parentheses; use the acronym in subsequent references.
Situation / In-text citations / References
Dictionary
Hardcover book / The New American Handy College Dictionary defines ape as “any of several anthropoid animals, the gorilla, chimpanzee, orangutan, or gibbon” (p. 40).
·  Note: the book title capitalizes the first letter of each main word in the text, but in the references only the first letter, the first letter after a colon, or proper nouns are capitalized. / Morehead, A., & Morehead, L. (Eds.). (1995). The new American handy college dictionary (3rd ed.). New York, NY: New American Library.
·  Note: Begin the entry with authors of the byline, if there is one. If not, list the editors. If there are no editors, begin the entry with the word being defined.
Dictionary
Online and book
For reference material with no byline, list the title of entry in the author’s position. / MyDictionary.net defines monkeys as “a collection of animals with opposable thumbs” (2011, para. 3). OR
Monkeys are defined as “a collection of animals with opposable thumbs” (MyDictionary.net, 2011, para. 3).
·  Write out the website name, but do not include URLs in the body of the paper.
·  Use (n.d.) if there is no copyright date. / Monkey. (2011). In MyDictionary.net’s online dictionary. Retrieved from http://
MyDict.net/monkeys_definition.html
Ape. (n.d.). In Define it online. Retrieved from http://defineonline.com/ape
·  Note that there is neither a period at the end of the website nor underlining.
DOI
Use a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) if one is assigned.
No other retrieval information is needed (p. 191) / According to Stone and Sand, more than “41 percent of the monkeys acted predictably, but only on cloudy days” (1998, p. 7). (direct quote) OR
According to Stone and Sand, more monkeys than not acted predictably on cloudy days (1998, p. 7). (paraphrase) / Stone, X., & Sand, M. (1998). Monkey do: Or do not. Psych News, 12(1), 23-27. doi: 11.1099/4943-4444.34.2.222
Note: there is no period after the DOI. The word doi is not capitalized.
Film
(motion picture) / As was shown in the film Out of Africa: Primates in American Zoos, many monkeys take up to two years to adjust to climate changes (2007). Some monkeys do not ever adjust and always appear to be too hot or too cold (Niemyer & Yang, 2008). / Jackson, K. (Producer). (2007). Out of Africa: Primates in American zoos [DVD]. Cincinnati, OH: Egbert Productions.
Niemyer, N., & Bon, K. (Producers), & Yang, S. (Director). (2008). Monkeys in motion [Motion picture]. Norway: Dons Studio.