Unit Animal Science Unit 1 Introduction to Animal Science

Colorado Agriscience Curriculum

Section Animal Science

Unit Animal Science Unit 1—Introduction to Animal Science

Lesson Title Lesson 2: History of the Animal Science Industry

Agricultural Education Standards

Standard AGS 11/12.7 The student will understand the broad scope of science of the agriculture industry.

Enabler AGS 11/12.7.2 Explain the history of United States agriculture.

Colorado Science Standards

Standard SCI 5.0 Students know and understand interrelationships among science, technology, and human activity and how they can affect the world.

Standard SCI 3.0 Students know and understand the characteristics and structure of living things, the processes of life, and how things interact each other and their environment.

Student Learning Objectives

As a result of this lesson, the student will:

Define terms such as domestication, ruminant, animal husbandry and animal science
Draw a simple timeline illustrating the domestication of basic livestock species
List four main sciences involved in animal sciences
Describe three to four important events in U.S. animal agriculture history
List five contributions that animal agriculture makes to society

Time Instruction time for this lesson: 50 minutes.

Resources/References

· http://www.ca.uky.edu/agripedia/classes/ASC106/INDEX.asp

· http://www.cas.psu.edu/docs/casadmin/NSO/history1.html

Tools, Equipment and Supplies

· PowerPoint presentation or overheads for note-taking

· Overhead or projector

· Copies of PowerPoint presentation, one per student, if not using projector

· History of animal agriculture note-taking worksheet, one per student

· Dates and Events Page, cut into strips, separate dates from events

· Music for review activity if desired

Key Terms

Unit 1, Lesson 2: History of the Animal Science Industry

Domestication

Ruminants Animal Science Biology

Animal Husbandry

Mutton

Chevon

Unit 1, Lesson 2: History of the Animal Science Industry

Interest Approach

Write the following quote on the board and ask students to voice their opinion as to whether or not they agree with it. Use this to review the concepts covered in Lesson 1, The World Hunger Challenge.

“A person who goes without food for 24 hours will quarrel; one who is denied food for 48 hours will steal; and one who is without food for 72 hours will fight.”

Summary of Content and Teaching Strategies

Objective 1. Define terms such as domestication, ruminant, temperament, animal husbandry and management.

We have established that animals are a very important source of nutrition for the human race. Now, we’ll spend a little bit of time exploring how our interactions with animals began and how that has shaped our views of animals today. As we view the PowerPoint presentation, collect the appropriate information on your notes worksheet.

At this time, present and discuss slides 1-11 in the PowerPoint presentation or print them off for transparencies. Students will take notes on the handout titled, “History of Animal Agriculture Notes Page.” This content would also work well to teach using the Little Professor Moment.

Slide 2 - Early Domestication

• Humans began domesticating animals more than 10,000 years ago beginning with dogs.

• Ruminants (cattle, sheep and goats) were the first food animals to be domesticated followed by pigs, possibly to dispose of table scraps and waste products.

• Horses and cattle were domesticated primarily for transportation and draft work purposes.

• Early people found animals that form large herds or flocks and eat a wide variety of feeds are easier to domesticate.
Slide 3 - Early Domestication

Domestication involves more than simply taming. Animals are considered to be domesticated when:

– they are kept for a distinct purpose

– humans control their breeding

– their survival depends on humans

– they develop traits that are not found in the wild

Slide 4 - Domestication

Domestication allowed humans to:

• Contain animals with the right temperament

• Have a steady food supply

• Use animals for companionship, religious purposes and draft work

In return, the animals received protection and a constant food supply

Selective breeding occurred as humans got rid of animals with undesirable traits, not allowing them to reproduce.

Slide5 – Order of Domestication

Which of these animals were domesticated first?

List them in the order you think they were domesticated on your notes page.

Cattle? Horses?

Goats? Chickens?

Pigs? Turkeys?

Sheep?

What’s your guess?

Slide 6 - Sheep:

Domesticated 11,000-15,000 years ago

• Domesticated in the mountains of Southeast Europe and Central/Southwest Asia. These areas include the countries of:

Greece, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Hungary, Uzbekistan, Syria, Yugoslavia, Turkmenistan, Iraq, Romania, Tajikistan
Bulgaria, Afghanistan and Iran

• Favorable because of their wool and meat for which they are still used and bred today.

• Because of selective breeding for traits and other results of domestication, sheep are the only species of livestock that would be unable to return to the wild.

Slide 7 - Cattle:

Domesticated 10,000-15,000 years ago

• Domesticated near the boundary of Europe and Asia and/or Southwest Asia

• This area includes the countries of: Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, Syria, Moldavia, Turkmenistan, Iran, Iraq

• In the beginning, cattle were used mainly for meat, milk and labor but eventually were replaced by horses in most of the draft work.

Slide 8 - Horses:

Domesticated approx. 5,000 years ago

• Horses were domesticated in Eastern Europe and Western Asia. This area includes the countries of Mongolia and Siberia.

• Originally, horses were used for meat and milk, but eventually became useful as pack and draft animals.

Slide 9 - Pigs:

Domesticated 5,000 - 9,000 years ago

• Pigs were first domesticated in the Middle East (Mesopotamia) in countries such as Syria, Iraq, and Turkey and then spread across Asia, Europe and Africa.

• Pigs were utilized more in settled farming communities than in nomadic groups because they are difficult to move for long distances.

Slide 10 - Goats

• The goat was among the earliest animals to be domesticated, around 6000 - 7000 B.C. in Western Asia.

• The goat could easily revert to its wild state.

Chickens

• Chickens were known in China more than 3,400 years ago and also in Southeast Asia (China, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Burma)

Turkeys

• The turkey is the only North American domestic animal and was domesticated in middle North America.

Slide 11 - Use the information:

Use the notes we just took to draw a simple timeline on your worksheet illustrating the order in which animals were domesticated.

It might look something like this.

Objective 2. Draw a simple timeline illustrating the domestication of basic livestock species.

Using the example on the PowerPoint and a Cartographer Moment, the students will draw a simple timeline in their notes. Show them the slide and then click forward so students don’t simply copy the slide. Give them about 3-4 minutes to do this, and then ask them to share their timeline with a neighbor and double check the order of the dates. At the end, you might choose to put the slide with the timeline back up on the screen to confirm the accuracy of their notes.

Objective 3. List four main sciences involved in animal sciences.

Cover the following information with slide 12 of the PowerPoint presentation

What is animal science?

• Animal husbandry is the art of working with farm animals.

• Animal Science is the scientific study of farm animals.

• Biology is the study of life that seeks to provide an understanding of the natural world.

Animal science is considered one of the oldest sciences because it’s so closely linked to survival. However, we haven’t always referred to it as animal science. For many years, it was referred to as animal husbandry. Animal husbandry is the art of working with farm animals. This includes marketing, feeding, breeding, health and management of animals. Over time, our society began to look at animal agriculture more scientifically and has since referred to it animal science, or the scientific study of farm animals. Animal science is closely connected with biology, which is the study of life that seeks to provide an understanding of the natural world. Within animal science, there are many different parts or sciences involved. I’m going to give you two minutes to turn to the person sitting next to you and brainstorm as many sciences as you can that are included in animal science. For example, genetics would be an important science in animal production. Write your ideas down in your notes. Ready, set, go!

Use a Me-You-Us Moment to have each group share their brainstorms, then review with slide 13 of the presentation.

What is animal science?

Unit 1, Lesson 2: History of the Animal Science Industry

• Genetics

• Embryology

• Zoology

• Botany

• Agronomy

• Anatomy

• Physiology

• Chemistry

• Nutrition

• Pathology

• Parasitology

• Entomology

• Bacteriology

• Economics

• Computer Science

• Ethology

• Ecology

• Communications

• Finance

• Political Science

• Law

• Engineering

• Microbiology

Unit 1, Lesson 2: History of the Animal Science Industry

NOTE: Each of these sciences is hot-linked in the PowerPoint slide to its definition if you have Internet access.

Objective 4. Describe 3-4 important events in U.S. animal agriculture history.

Before class, print off the dates and events page and cut the slips apart to distribute randomly in the classroom.

There are a few important events in history that have shaped the history of animal agriculture. I have distributed slips of paper to some of you describing different events. Others have slips of paper that contain dates. Let’s see if we can, as a class, match the right dates with the right events. When I say go, get up and find the date to match your event or the event to match your date, then sit down together with your notebooks. You have 3 minutes. Go!

Students mill around to find partner. You may have to encourage some to mingle and talk about their dates.

OK, good job. Now, let’s double check ourselves and record a few of them in our notes.

See slide numbers 14-16. At the end, check to see who had matched up correctly with a partner and congratulate them.

History of Animal Agriculture in the United States

1493 Columbus brought livestock to the West Indies

1519 Cortex brought cattle and sheep to Mexico

1539 DeSoto brought horses and hogs to Florida

1641 William Pynchon, Massachusetts, was first meat packer exporting salt pork

1760 Robert Bakewell, England, began breeding animals for a purpose, created different types.

1861-1865 Changes occurred during civil war

– Railroads decreased need for horses and mules and for stock to be raised where they are consumed

– Refrigeration in box cars allowed shipping of carcasses to population centers

• Now animals could be raised in one place, sold at another and consumed at yet another.

– Change in tastes – beef became most popular.

• Before the war, pork was the most popular meat (mainly due to ease of storage), but beef became the most popular meat after the war because of refrigeration.

1862 Land Grant Act provides public lands for universities to teach agriculture

1872 Hatch Act establishes experiment stations

1914 Smith Lever Act sets up cooperative extension service

Objective 5. List five contributions that animal agriculture makes to society.

Use slides number 17-21 to discuss some of the contributions animals make to society throughout the world. Students should record 10 of them on their notes page. Then, use the Eyewitness e-moment for students to commit these to memory. Each student should share five of the contributions in an eye-witness account before switching, as per the activity.

Review/Summary

We have covered a lot of information today. I’d like for you to take one minute to look over the information and pick out one thing you learned that interested you or seemed most important. Don’t talk while you do this, just enjoy the music and think a little about what you learned today.

Start an upbeat song or turn on radio for about 1 minute. Then quickly go around the room, review some of the facts for the day.

Application

Extended classroom activity:

Create a matching game or crossword puzzle with the names of the sciences involved in animal sciences. This will help students learn the definitions of those terms.

FFA activity:

Arrange an agriculture awareness activity or bulletin board for the students in your school to help them realize the many contributions animals make in our society.

SAE activity:

In groups, brainstorm a list of possible careers available within animal science and the various sciences it involves. Have a competition for the most creative list.

Evaluation.

Students should turn in their notes page for a completion grade. Worksheets should be returned before the next quiz to be used as a study guide.

Answers to Assessment:

Notes Page Answers:

1. Ruminants (cattle, sheep, and goats)

2. Disposing of table scraps

3. Animals that form large flocks or herds and eat a wide variety of feeds

4. -Kept for a distinct purpose

-Humans control their breeding

-Their survival depends on humans

-They develop traits that are not found in the wild

5. Religious purposes, companionship, and draft work

6. Selective breeding occurred as humans got rid of animals with undesirable traits, not allowing them to reproduce

7. Open for student suggestion

Species / Approximate date domesticated / Locations / Uses
Sheep / 11,000-15,000 years ago / Domesticated in the mountains of Southeast Europe and Central/Southwest Asia / wool and meat
Cattle / 10,000-15,000 years ago / near the boundary of Europe and Asia and/or Southwest Asia / In the beginning, cattle were used mainly for meat, milk and labor
Horses / 5,000 years ago / Eastern Europe and Western Asia / Horses were used for meat and milk, but eventually became useful as pack and draft animals
Pigs / 5,000 - 9,000 years ago / Middle East / Meat, eating table scraps
Goats / 6000 - 7000 B.C. / Western Asia / Meat and milk
Chickens / 3400 years ago / China and Southeast Asia / Meat and eggs
Turkeys / middle North America / Meat