Name:Unit 3 Word List
Block:Test Date April 6th
Birth of the Renaissance:
Renaissance:Rebirth of classical culture
Marco Polo: traveled along the Silk Road – trade route which brought wealth to Italy
Trade: -- brought wealth to Italy to fund the Renaissance art
City-State: - competed for power/wealth by funding the arts
Patron: - people who funded the art
Banking: - led to the use of money – help to fund the arts
Humanism: - focus on human achievement – humanist said to question authority
Classical Writings: work of the Greeks and the Romans
Observation: used to find answers to questions (scientific method)
Emotion: Artists captured human emotions in all their work
Why Italy: Home of the ancient Romans (their work was all over the place)
Renaissance Art (look of it) (colored background, nature, emotion, motion, 3d aspect)
Individualism: people cared what you could do not what you were born as
Renaissance “Man” – can do many things very well (Leonardo)
How the Renaissance spread: travel, trade, printing press
Printing Press: made copies faster, cheaper, more spread Renaissance ideas/art
Renaissance People
Michelangelo: Artist -> painted Sistine chapel known for motion in his work
Shakespeare: playwright, used emotion in all his plays
Isabella: funded exploration and the arts
Elizabeth: funded exploration and the arts
Copernicus: earth not the center of universe – ideas shunned by the church
Vesalius: studied human anatomy (considered a sin to cut human bodies open)
Gutenberg: developed “modern” printing press
Durer:
Titian:
Cervantes: wrote the first comedy in Europe (emotions)
Leonardo great artist and thinker, inventor
Chinese Inventions
Gunpowder:
Rockets:
Inoculation:
Clock:
Printing Press:
Paper Money:
Tea:
Pottery:
Compass:
Canal Lock:
Think about what these inventions improved ->
How do ideas/inventions change life ->
Why technology is important to society ->
Reformation Part 1
Reformation: period of time when people protested the Catholic Church (RCC)
Humanist contribution: humanist told people to question authority – led to question RCC
Indulgence: document that allowed you to buy salvation (corruption)
Corruption: why people protested the Church
Simony: buying and selling of Church jobs (corruption)
Great Schism: period when there was 3 Popes – led people to lose respect for the Church
Luther – fought corruption in the Church
-view on Salvation (only Faith was needed)
-Bible (supreme authority)
-95 theses (document written to Protest the sale of indulgences)
-Diet of worms When Luther was called an outlaw and a heretic (almost put to death)
Peasant revolt:Peasants wanted economic and social reform Luther sided with nobles, 100,000 peasants died
Peace of Augsburg:ended violence in Germany, ended Christian unity, allowed Freedom of Religion
Calvin: Predestination – Salvation by God’s grace
Henry VIII: wanted a divorce and power/wealth so he started his own church
Zwingli: destroyed icons in the church, simple prayers, no songs in church
Reformation Part 2
Denominations: sub-groups of Christianity
Protestant Churches: (Calvin-Luther-Anglican) -> Protestant Churches (Bible supreme authority)
Counter Reformation: Catholic response to stop Protestantism and end corruption
Council of Trent: Meeting to discuss Catholic doctrine (Pope interprets, Latin Bible, fix Clergy)
Jesuits: Missionaries who traveled the world spreading Catholicism (built schools)
Inquisition: Catholic church court root out heresy attacked Jews, Protestants, Muslims
French Civil War: Protestant/Catholic fought -- 1 million dead – ended with France Catholic
30 Years War: Fought in Germany, very violent turned into a war for power than religion
Peace of Westphalia:Ended 30 Years War – divided Europe by Faith that lasted into modern times
Puritans: left England for religious reasons, settled in North America
Ideas of democracy: Puritans (Protestants) elected leaders led to the beginning of democracy
Spread of Christianity in the world: Christianity was spread throughout the world by missionaries