Name:Unit 3 Word List

Block:Test Date April 6th

Birth of the Renaissance:

Renaissance:Rebirth of classical culture

Marco Polo: traveled along the Silk Road – trade route which brought wealth to Italy

Trade: -- brought wealth to Italy to fund the Renaissance art

City-State: - competed for power/wealth by funding the arts

Patron: - people who funded the art

Banking: - led to the use of money – help to fund the arts

Humanism: - focus on human achievement – humanist said to question authority

Classical Writings: work of the Greeks and the Romans

Observation: used to find answers to questions (scientific method)

Emotion: Artists captured human emotions in all their work

Why Italy: Home of the ancient Romans (their work was all over the place)

Renaissance Art (look of it) (colored background, nature, emotion, motion, 3d aspect)

Individualism: people cared what you could do not what you were born as

Renaissance “Man” – can do many things very well (Leonardo)

How the Renaissance spread: travel, trade, printing press

Printing Press: made copies faster, cheaper, more  spread Renaissance ideas/art

Renaissance People

Michelangelo: Artist -> painted Sistine chapel known for motion in his work

Shakespeare: playwright, used emotion in all his plays

Isabella: funded exploration and the arts

Elizabeth: funded exploration and the arts

Copernicus: earth not the center of universe – ideas shunned by the church

Vesalius: studied human anatomy (considered a sin to cut human bodies open)

Gutenberg: developed “modern” printing press

Durer:

Titian:

Cervantes: wrote the first comedy in Europe (emotions)

Leonardo great artist and thinker, inventor

Chinese Inventions

Gunpowder:

Rockets:

Inoculation:

Clock:

Printing Press:

Paper Money:

Tea:

Pottery:

Compass:

Canal Lock:

Think about what these inventions improved ->

How do ideas/inventions change life ->

Why technology is important to society ->

Reformation Part 1

Reformation: period of time when people protested the Catholic Church (RCC)

Humanist contribution: humanist told people to question authority – led to question RCC

Indulgence: document that allowed you to buy salvation (corruption)

Corruption: why people protested the Church

Simony: buying and selling of Church jobs (corruption)

Great Schism: period when there was 3 Popes – led people to lose respect for the Church

Luther – fought corruption in the Church

-view on Salvation (only Faith was needed)

-Bible (supreme authority)

-95 theses (document written to Protest the sale of indulgences)

-Diet of worms When Luther was called an outlaw and a heretic (almost put to death)

Peasant revolt:Peasants wanted economic and social reform  Luther sided with nobles, 100,000 peasants died

Peace of Augsburg:ended violence in Germany, ended Christian unity, allowed Freedom of Religion

Calvin: Predestination – Salvation by God’s grace

Henry VIII: wanted a divorce and power/wealth so he started his own church

Zwingli: destroyed icons in the church, simple prayers, no songs in church

Reformation Part 2

Denominations: sub-groups of Christianity

Protestant Churches: (Calvin-Luther-Anglican) -> Protestant Churches (Bible supreme authority)

Counter Reformation: Catholic response to stop Protestantism and end corruption

Council of Trent: Meeting to discuss Catholic doctrine (Pope interprets, Latin Bible, fix Clergy)

Jesuits: Missionaries who traveled the world spreading Catholicism (built schools)

Inquisition: Catholic church court root out heresy  attacked Jews, Protestants, Muslims

French Civil War: Protestant/Catholic fought -- 1 million dead – ended with France Catholic

30 Years War: Fought in Germany, very violent turned into a war for power than religion

Peace of Westphalia:Ended 30 Years War – divided Europe by Faith that lasted into modern times

Puritans: left England for religious reasons, settled in North America

Ideas of democracy: Puritans (Protestants) elected leaders  led to the beginning of democracy

Spread of Christianity in the world: Christianity was spread throughout the world by missionaries