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Excerpt from “I have a dream…”

Speech by the Rev. Martin Luther King at the “March on Washington”

We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God's children.

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. 1963 is not an end, but a beginning. Those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual.

There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.

But there is something that I must say to my people, who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice: in the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred.

Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes

A word can consist of three parts: the root, a prefix, and a suffix

Prefixes and suffixes are known as affixes because they are affixed to (attached to)a root.

Prefixes and suffixes, which originated as words themselves, are now syllables added to roots to create new words.

  • The root is the base element of the word—the part of the word that contains the basic meaning (definition) of the word.
  • A prefix is a syllable(s) forming a word element placed before a root, word, or word group to modify the meaning or make a new word.
  • A suffix is a syllable(s) forming a word element that is placed after a root, word, or word group to modify the meaning or make a new word. The suffix may also modify the word’s grammatical function by redefining its part of speech (e.g., noun, verb, adjective, adverb).

Common Roots / Common Prefixes / Common Suffixes
struct = build
port = carry
graph = writing
bio = life
tract = pull
dict, dic = speak, say / un = not, none
pre = before, in advance
re = again, back
sub = under, below
dis = not, none
auto = self
de = away, from, reverse of
im = in, into / able = capable of
ion = act or process;
condition
ful = quantity that fills
less = without, missing

Taken from VDOE Website :

Examples of Text Structure and Related Signal Words
Cause and Effect / Why did this happen? What was the result? / Cause: because, for this reason, due to, on account of this, if this-then this
Effect: as a result, since, consequently, therefore / Research has shown that birth defects have various courses.
Compare/
Contrast / How are these things alike or different? / Compare: Similarly, like, in the same way, Likewise,
Contrast: But, yet on the other hand, instead, nevertheless, as a result / Gangs and fraternities share many characteristics, but they are not the same.
Enumeration / What examples support this? What proof is there? / And, too, in addition, furthermore, as well as, besides / Managers experience a number of problems that must be solved before a team can work effectively.
Chronological / When did it happen? In what order did it happen? / First, third, next, then, finally / Between now and the election, the candidate will make a number of campaign stops throughout the US.
Concept/
Definition / What is it? / Define as, known as, is stated as, is known to mean, for example, to illustrate, for instance, such as, specifically / Ragtime music is a style of music that was developed at the turn of the twentieth century. Played primary by the piano, the Rocking Horse Rag is an excellent example of Ragtime.
Process / How? In what sequence or order? / First, second, third, how to, following that, next, the following steps / The moth and butterfly undergo several changes between hatching from an egg to mature adulthood.
Text Structure / Question it Answers / Signal Word / Sample Thesis

“The Cold Within”

James Patrick Kinney

Six humans trapped by happenstance
In bleak and bitter cold.
Each one possessed a stick of wood
Or so the story’s told.
Their dying fire in need of logs
The first man held his back
For of the faces round the fire
He noticed one was black.
The next man looking ‘cross the way
Saw one not of his church
And couldn’t bring himself to give
The fire his stick of birch.
The third one sat in tattered clothes.
He gave his coat a hitch.
Why should his log be put to use
To warm the idle rich?
The rich man just sat back and thought
Of the wealth he had in store
And how to keep what he had earned
From the lazy shiftless poor.
The black man’s face bespoke revenge
As the fire passed from his sight.
For all he saw in his stick of wood
Was a chance to spite the white.
The last man of this forlorn group
Didnought except for gain.
Giving only to those who gave
Was how he played the game.
Their logs held tight in death’s still hands
Was proof of human sin.
They didn’t die from the cold without
They died from the cold within.[4]

T-Chart and Sentence Frame Summary

The authors of both the “I Have a Dream” speech and the poem, “The Cold Within,” develop a theme throughout their pieces. Using the T-chart below, please list evidence from the text to support your understanding of each theme.

I Have a Dream The Cold Within

______