Unit 4 Study Questions
Please note these are practice questions!!!! Do not simply answer these questions and feel that you are prepared for the exam. Use these questions as a guide to locate areas where you need more study.
The transmission of traits from one generation to the next is known as ______.
The study of heredity and hereditary information is the scope of the field of ______.
There are three levels at which geneticists work; list them:
A unit of heredity is the ______.
A ______refers to the physical location of a gene on a chromosome.
Organisms produced by asexual reproduction are ______; genetically identical to the parent.
Name the type of reproduction which involves the fusion of gametes.______
______is the haploid number of a human somatic cell.
A pair of homologous chromosomes consists of a ______chromosome and a ______chromosome.
______are tests performed to observe cells ploidy levels. These are often used to test for ______such as ______.
In humans, the 23rd pair of chromosomes is known as the ______. Males and females differ with respect to this pair how?
In the space below draw a synapsed tetrad and label the centromeres, sister chromatids, non-sister chromatids, and chiasmata.
The fusion of ______and egg produce a single cell known as a ______.
What stage of mitosis are the cells arrested to produce a karyotype?
In animals, meiosis results in the production of ______; fertilization results in the production of a ______.
Name the two processes which occur during meiosis that promote genetic diversity:
Name the phases of meiosis in order in the space below:
What is a recombinant chromosome?
In what phase(s) of meiosis does the process of crossing over occur?
In what phase(s) of meiosis does independent assortment occur?
Phase of meiosis where each of the following occur:
Tetrads lined up at equator of cell______
Synapsis occurs and tetrads form______
DNA replication occurs______
Period of rest between Meiosis I & II______
Sister chromatids separate______
Tetrads separate ______
When a single diploid cell divides by mitosis what is the result?
When a single diploid cell divides by meiosis, what is the result?
Are the nuclei present following meiosis I haploid or diploid?
Assume that a cell (2n=6) divides by meiosis.
How many chromatids are present in each daughter nuclei following Meiosis I?______
How many chromosomes are present in each nuclei following Meiosis II? ______
Meiosis I is said to be a ______division while Meiosis II is said to be a ______division.
For a species with a diploid number of ten, how many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes are possible for gametes?
What are punnett squares used for?
If you cross a homozygous recessive with a heterozygous individual, what is the chance (percentage) of producing an offspring with the recessive phenotype?
______are alternative genes that code for the same character and occupy corresponding positions on homologous chromosomes.
Mendel began his experiments with pea varieties that were ______; meaning that self pollination always resulted in offspring of the same variety as the parent.
A ______is a genetic cross between an individual exhibiting the dominant phenotype (but of unknown genotype) and an individual with the recessive phenotype.
Two purple flowered pea plants were crossed. There were 100 peas produced as offspring. Of these offspring 67, later produced plants with purple flowers and 33 produced plants with white flowers. This suggests that the original parents were ______.
homozygous recessivehomozygous dominant heterozygous
List three reasons Mendel chose pea plants for his experiments.
In the space below, diagram a cross of pea plants with purple and white flowers which begins with a P generation which is true breeding. List the ratios for genotype and phenotype of the F1 generation and the F2 generation.
List and define the two genetic principles that Mendel derived using his genetic studies of pea plants.
Assume a couple has three children; all have brown eyes and blond hair. Both parents are homozygous for brown eyes (BB), but one is blonde (rr) and the other is a red head (Rr). What is the probability that their next child will be brown-eyed and have red hair?
Compare and contrast incomplete and complete dominance?
A phenotypic ratio of 1:2:1 in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross suggests ______dominance
Type of inheritance pattern seen with a 9:3:4 phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation ______.
List an example of codominance in humans.
In the space below work a dihybrid cross for true breeding pea plants that are:
Yellow seeds with green pods X green seeds with yellow pods
Name an example of multiple alleles found in humans.
If a man with type O blood and a woman with type O blood have a child, what is the percent chance that their child will have :
Type A blood_____TypeAB blood______
Type B blood_____Type O blood______
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that exhibits an inheritance pattern known as ______. Cystic fibrosis is common in Americans of ______descent. Heterozygotes are phenotypically ______and are called ______.
What segment of the American population is most susceptible to sickle cell disease? ______
Sickle cell disease exhibits ______dominance and it is a ______inherited disorder.
Name two sex-linked recessive disorders.
______& ______
The twisting of a unicorns’ horn is an inherited character. The right-hand twist (R) is dominant to the left hand twist (r). A second gene determines if a horn will be present (H). Unicorns that are homozygous recessive (hh) for the second gene will not have a horn at all.
What type of inheritance pattern is exhibited here?______
If a male unicorn named Rambo and female unicorn named Leia are each heterozygous for both genes produce a foal unicorn, what is the probability that the foal will have the following phenotypes:
a right handed twist horn______no horn______
a left handed twist horn______
What is the phenotype for Rambo?______
What is the phenotype for Leia?______
Name the type of inheritance patter each of the following illustrates:
Skin pigmentation in humans______
Achondroplasia ______
Sickle cell disease______
Huntington’s disease ______
Hair color in mice______
Pea flower color______
ABO blood groups______
MN blood groups______
Cystic fibrosis______
What is CVS sampling and amniocentesis tests useful for?
Which test involves the insertion of a large needle into the amniotic fluid to obtain fetal cells?
Which test involves the removal of placental tissue to obtain fetal cells?
How many genes are there thought to be in the human genome?
Describe the loci of linked genes.
Do sex-linked genes follow Mendel’s patterns of inheritance?
Name the pattern of inheritance seen in color-blindness. ______
Which sex is more likely to exhibit the color blind phenotype?______
Bill and Jan have a color blind son, Bob. Both Bill and Jan have normal vision. If they choose to have another child, what are the probabilities for each of the following:
Normal vision daughter______Normal vision son______
Color blind daughter ______Color blind son ______
What is a Barr-body?
Why are tortoise shell and calico cats always female?
______is defined as an abnormal number of chromosomes. ______is the condition where a cell has an extra chromosome and ______is the condition where a cell has a chromosome missing. These are usually the result of ______which occurs during meiosis.
Name a disorder which is caused by a cell that is (2n+1) ______
The likelihood of a child with this disorder increases after the ______reaches the age of ______.
Describe the sex chromosomes and phenotype for an individual with Turner syndrome:
Describe the sex chromosomes and phenotype for an individual with Klinefelter syndrome:
A man who carries an X linked allele will pas it on to:
all of his daughters
all of his sons
half of his sons
half of his daughters
all of his children
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