LectureTest32010
Biology 315: Lecture Test 3, Spring 2010: TEST A, TUESDAY
Directions: This multiple-choice test has one correct answer per question. Fill in the best answers on your answer sheets. Please write your lab time at the top of the answer sheet.
(B) 1. What is the function of a neutrophil?
A. stop bleeding from torn blood vessels
B. kill bacteria
C. make antibodies
D. signal inflammation (late stages)
E. become a macrophage
(D) 2. Which of these is NOT a leukocyte?
A. monocyte
B. eosinophil
C. neutrophil
D. platelet
E. lymphocyte
(E) 3. What is the least abundant kind of white blood cell in the blood of a normal, healthy person?
A. platelet
B. eosinophil
C. neutrophil
D. lymphocyte
E. basophil
(E) 4. What kind of blood cell functions like a mast cell, in signalling inflammation?
A. platelet
B. eosinophil
C. erythrocyte
D. neutrophil
E. basophil
(A) 5. An artery, vein, and lymph vessel run side by side. Compare these vessels and choose the FALSE statement.
A. The vein contains the most elastin in its walls.
B. The artery has no valves.
C. The artery has the thickest tunica media.
D. The vein has a wider lumen than the artery.
E. The lymph vessel has the thinnest wall.
(B) 6. Where in the body are fenestrated capillaries located?
A. brain
B. villi of small intestine
C. gluteus maximus muscle
D. dermis of skin
E. osteons of bone
(A) 7. Where is endothelium located?
A. tunica intima
B. tunica media
C. epicardium
D. tunica adventitia
E. tunica externa
(D) 8. What is a true difference between a typical capillary and a postcapillary venule?
A. Only the capillary allows exchange of small molecules across its wall.
B. Only the capillary allows a lot of fluid to leak out in inflammation.
C. Diapedesis only occurs at the venule.
D. The venule has a wider lumen (wider than several erythrocytes).
E. The capillary has a thicker tunica media than the venule does.
(A) 9. Bone marrow: Which of these is NOT a typical part of the bone marrow in bones?
A. periosteum membrane
B. reticular fibers in a network, like cave walls
C. fat cells
D. blood stem cells
E. megakaryocytes
(D) 10. An artery is defined as a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart, and a vein carries blood toward the heart. Not all arteries carry oxygen-rich blood, nor do all veins carry oxygen-poor blood. Choose a vein that carries oxygen-rich blood.
A. renal vein
B. great cardiac vein
C. common iliac vein in fetus
D. pulmonary vein
E. hepatic portal vein
(C) 11. Hepatic portal system: Choose the path of blood flowing into, through, and out of, the hepatic portal system.
A. Starts with hepatic artery (in portal triad), then to liver sinusoids, to central vein, to hepatic vein.
B. Right ventricle to pulmonary trunk to pulmonary arteries to lung capillaries to pulmonary veins to left atrium.
C. Superior mesenteric artery to intestinal capillaries, to tributaries of hepatic portal vein, to hepatic portal vein, to liver sinusoids, to central vein to hepatic vein.
D. Hepatic vein to central vein to liver sinusoids to red pulp of spleen to hepatic portal vein to inferior vena cava.
E. Inferior mesenteric artery to intestinal capillaries to inferior mesenteric vein then directly to inferior vena cava.
(B) 12. In an adult, trace the flow of blood around the cardiovascular circuits and through the heart, in the correct order.
A. left ventricle to pulmonary circuit to right atrium to right ventricle to systemic circuit to left atrium, and back to left ventricle.
B. pulmonary circuit to left atrium to left ventricle to systemic circuit to right atrium to right ventricle, and back to pulmonary circuit.
C. pulmonary circuit to systemic circuit to right atrium to right ventricle to left ventricle to right atrium, and back to pulmonary circuit.
D. right and left atria, to pulmonary circuit, to right and left ventricles, to systemic circuit, and back to the atria.
E. pulmonary circuit to left atrium to left ventricle to right ventricle to right atrium to systemic circuit.
(D) 13. The most common of all birth defects is
A. cleft palate
B. spina bifida
C. patent foramen ovale
D. interventricular septum is incomplete
E. club foot (but heart defects are second-most common)
(E) 14. Aortic semilunar valve: Choose the correct statement.
A. It is also named the bicuspid valve.
B. It contributes to the “lub” part of the “lub-dup” sounds of the heartbeat, but not to the “dup” part.
C. It closes to keep blood from flowing backward from the pulmonary trunk to the right ventricle.
D. The best place to hear it closing is the fifth intercostal space about 5 cm to the left of the sternum in the mid-clavicular line.
E. The best place to hear it closing is at the third-rib costal cartilage at the right border of the sternum.
(D) 15. Choose the correct statement about the heart’s conducting system.
A. Impulses travel superiorly from the crura (bundle branches) to the atrioventricular bundle (of His) and then up to the AV node.
B. It consists of nerves.
C. In signalling heart contraction, it sends impulses from the AV node to the atria, which then spread to the ventricles, and then to the SA node, to end the heartbeat.
D. It sets the basic rate of the heartbeat, and is influenced by autonomic nerves from the cardiac plexus.
E. It consists entirely of Purkinje fibers.
(C) 16. What is the cause of heart attacks?
A. The aorta rips away from the heart, or the base of the aorta balloons and bursts, due to high blood pressure.
B. An overworked heart explodes.
C. Blockage of a coronary artery or its branches by plaque and/or associated clots, which leads to oxygen starvation of the myocardium.
D. The heart gets too weak or tired and stops working (therefore, heart attack is also called heart failure)
E. The endocardium lining the heart fills the heart’s lumen with fatty plaque, so the heart cannot hold or pump enough blood.
(E) 17. Why does a lymphatic collecting vessel have so many bulges, so that it resembles a string of beads?
A. Smooth muscle (tunica media) is thickened in each of the bulges in the wall.
B. The muscle is not thickened but the bulges are caused by the muscle contracting between the bulges.
C. The frequent backflow of lymph pools and then forms the bulges, as in varicose veins.
D. The bulges are segments of myelin.
E. The bulges reflect the pockets of valves inside the lymph vessel.
(A) 18. The efferent collecting vessels that come from the tracheobronchial lymph nodes drain into the ______lymph trunk.
A. bronchomediastinal
B. jugular
C. subclavian
D. lumbar
E. intestinal
(C) 19. Where does lymph come from?
A. saliva
B. the constantly forming cerebrospinal fluid
C. tissue fluid of loose connective tissue
D. lymph is just blood whose red blood cells have been removed by the spleen
E. the constantly forming endolymph in the ear
(C) 20. In humans, where do B lymphocytes (B cells) gain immunocompetency (the ability to recognize antigens)?
A. thymus
B. bloodstream
C. bone marrow
D. in the lymph
E. Bursa of Fabricius
(D) 21. Choose the FALSE statement about an antigen-presenting cell of the immune system.
A. It is a macrophage.
B. It is often a dendritic cell.
C. It helps lymphocytes to activate.
D. It only presents to T lymphocytes, not to B lymphocytes.
E. It takes up antigens and microorganisms before presenting them.
(E) 22. What is the main reason why we build up immunity to disease as we mature from the fetal stage to the adult stage and beyond?
A. We gain more macrophages from monocytes.
B. We develop more and more lymphoid tissue.
C. We improve our innate immune system (more than we strengthen our adaptive immune system).
D. The liver produces more and more enzymes over time.
E. We produce more memory lymphocytes.
(B) 23. Of all the immune organs, only one does NOT directly fight infection or contain lymphoid nodules. Which is that?
A. appendix
B. thymus
C. spleen
D. lymph node
E. tonsil
(C) 24. Lymphoid tissue performs many different but related functions. Which of these is NOT a function of lymphoid tissue?
A. Site of activation of lymphocytes.
B. Destination site for most dendritic cells seeking lymphocytes.
C. Site where lymphocytes are made from blood stem cells.
D. Site where bacteria and pathogens are destroyed by lymphocytes.
E. Site where most memory lymphocytes are formed.
(D) 25. Choose the WRONG statement about immune organs.
A. Tonsils are in the lamina propria of pharynx mucosa.
B. Spleen has red and white pulp.
C. Lymph node has tadpole- or tear-drop shaped masses of lymphoid tissue between its lymph sinusoids.
D. The appendix has a lower concentration of lymphoid tissue in its wall than does the colon and the rest of the large intestine.
E. Spleen filters pathogens from the blood in its white pulp.
(D) 26. Layers of the gut wall. Choose the correct association.
A. Muscularis mucosae: is the innermost part of the mucous membrane, closest to the lumen of the digestive tube.
B. Muscularis externa: has an outer circular and an inner longitudinal layer.
C. Submucosa: is an epithelium layer.
D. Serosa (peritoneum): has a mesothelium.
E. Lamina propria: is an outer layer, near the exterior of the digestive-tube wall.
(E) 27. In the wall of the intestine, where is the myenteric nerve plexus located?
A. lamina propria
B. within muscularis mucosae
C. in the serous membrane
D. in the submucosa
E. in the muscularis externa
(A) 28. Which of these parts of the digestive tube is retroperitoneal?
A. duodenum
B. stomach
C. jejeunum
D. ileum
E. sigmoid colon
(D) 29. During development, gut rotation re-orients the stomach so that its original right surface becomes its final ______surface.
A.left
B.right
C.cranial
D.dorsal
E.ventral
(B) 30. In a root canal procedure, what is removed from the tooth?
A. just the root canal
B. all of the pulp
C. the dentine and the root canal
D. the entire root
E. the cementum around the root
(B) 31. Which type of papilla on the tongue is the largest, has taste buds, and is surrounded by a ring-like ridge?
A. filiform papilla
B. vallate papilla
C. foliate papilla
D. fauces papilla
E. fungiform papilla
(D) 32. The pharynx: Choose the WRONG association.
A. Nasopharynx has the adenoids.
B. Nasopharynx has the tubal tonsils.
C. Oropharynx has the fauces.
D. Nasopharynx has the palatine tonsils.
E. Laryngopharynx opens into both the esophagus and the superior opening of the larynx.
(C) 33. Choose the correct match between the lining epithelium and the hollow structure.
A. nasal cavity: stratified squamous
B. small duct in the pancreas: simple squamous
C. trachea: pseudostratified columnar
D. artery: simple columnar
E. esophagus: simple columnar
(A) 34. The salivary glands. Choose the WRONG statement.
A. The parotid gland is located in the floor of the mouth below the tongue.
B. Lots of salivary glands occur in the mucous membrane lining the whole mouth.
C. The duct of the submandibular gland opens anterior to the base of the tongue on the floor of the mouth.
D. The big salivary gland that has mostly mucous cells (and fewer serous cells) is the sublingual gland.
E. Serous cells secrete digestive enzymes and bacteria-destroying enzymes into the saliva.
(C) 35. In one lecture a student asked how Helicobacter pylori bacteria, which cause stomach ulcers, are spread. Dr. Mallatt looked it up and told the class in the next lecture that it spreads from person to person . . .
A. in the exhaled air
B. by sexual intercourse
C. in saliva
D. in blood
E. in urine
(B) 36. What structure is being described? It increases the nutrient- absorbing area of the small intestine, its core contains many capillaries, it moves, and it is covered by a columnar epithelium.
A. ruga
B. villus
C. plica circularis
D. intestinal crypt
E. microvillus
(A) 37. What structure is being described? It is a long, straight, simple tubular gland with parietal and chief cells in its wall.
A. gastric gland
B. intestinal gland (crypt) in small intestine
C. esophageal gland
D. gastric pit
E. exocrine gland of the pancreas
(B) 38. Large intestine (LI) versus small intestine (SI): Choose the correct statement.
A. LI is narrower, SI is wider.
B. The SI is longer than the LI.
C. The appendix is part of the SI, not of the LI.
D. Both LI and SI contain villi.
E. The walls of both secrete many digestive enzymes.
(E) 39. Choose the correct statement about the appendix.
A. Dr. Mallatt believes (and he taught you) the common idea that it has no function in humans.
B. Recent evidence shows that the true cause of death from appendicitis is slow blood poisoning from the infection, not peritonitis as used to be believed.
C. McBurney’s spinoumbilical point, the surface landmark directly in front of the base of the appendix, is at the right costal margin, ninth rib’s costal cartilage.
D. Recent evidence shows that appendicitis is caused by really bad, highly infectious, bacteria taking over our normal intestinal flora, not by blockage of the entrance into the appendix, as was formerly believed.
E. Appendicitis can cause different symptoms in different people and is difficult for the non-expert to diagnose, so you should not try to self-evaluate it but get an expert’s opinion fast if you suspect you (or a friend) might have it.
(C) 40. The porta hepatis: Choose the FALSE statement.
A. The caudate lobe lies superior to the porta hepatis.
B. Until recently, the porta hepatis was said to be in the liver’s right lobe, but now it is said to be in the left lobe.
C. At the porta hepatis, the right and left branches of the portal vein carry blood away from (= out of) the liver.
D. The right and left branches of the hepatic artery carry blood into the liver through the porta hepatis.
E. Here, the portal-vein blood is nutrient-rich and oxygen-poor.
(C) 41. Which of these structures is deepest (lies farthest internally) in a classic liver lobule?
A. bile canaliculi
B. sinusoids
C. central vein
D. bile ductule
E. all hepatocytes
(A) 42. In a hepatocyte, what is the special function of its abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum?
A. makes blood proteins
B. detoxifies poisons (alcohol, for example)
C. makes the sugar, glucose, into glycogen
D. makes the many digestive enzymes that are secreted by the liver
E. digests phagocytized bacteria
(E) 43. What type of cell in the pancreas secretes the digestive enzymes?
A. alpha cell
B. duct cell
C. beta cell
D. delta cell
E. acinar cell
(D) 44. What is the function of the soft palate?
A. Helps to swirl inhaled air so it is more effectively warmed and moistened.
B. To support the uvula, which is that heavy knob that hangs down, and thus it minimizes snoring.
C. To close over the entrance to the larynx during swallowing.
D. To seal the passage between the oropharynx and nasopharynx during swallowing.
E. To increase the respiratory surface of the nasal cavity and pharynx, so more oxygen is absorbed into the blood there.
(A) 45. What nasal-cavity structure is responsible for filtering dust from inhaled air?
A. sheets of mucus on the mucosa surface.
B. dust gets trapped between the cilia on the lining epithelium.
C. the veins in the lamina propria are so thin-walled and abundant that they let the dust enter the bloodstream.
D. the choanae act as screens.
E. the collagen in the lamina propria of the mucosa forms a filter net.
(B) 46. In one lecture, Dr. Mallatt used the analogy of a long hallway in a college dormitory, with dorm rooms opening into this hallway. What did this represent?
A. an alveolar duct with alveoli opening into it.
B. how the paranasal sinuses relate to the nasal cavity.
C. successive glands opening into the long, main duct of the pancreas.
D. anal sinuses pocketing in the wall of the anal canal.
E. how the splenic cords relate to the blood sinusoids in the spleen.
(E) 47. When one chokes on a piece of food, the food item is most likely to be trapped . . .
A. in the oropharynx, which it fills.
B. in the uppermost opening (inlet) of the larynx.
C. in the lower trachea, where the trachea branches into the two main bronchi.
D. in the right main bronchus, which is more vertical than the left.
E. between the vocal cords in the larynx.
(E) 48. What parts of the respiratory system contain alveoli?
A. bronchioles, alveolar sacs, and bronchi
B. alveolar sacs, segmental bronchi, and paranasal sinuses
C. larynx, trachea, and nasopharynx
D. bronchioles, tertiary bronchi, and lobar bronchus
E. alveolar ducts, respiratory bronchioles, and alveolar sacs
(A) 49. Choose the correct statement about surfactant in the lung.
A. It decreases the surface tension of water, making inhalation easier.
B. It functions to increase the rate of diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules.
C. Babies who are born prematurely secrete too much surfactant, and this thickens their blood/air barrier so these babies cannot get enough oxygen.
D. It is secreted by alveolar type I cells.
E. Surfactant is secreted by dust cells to kill bacteria.
(C) 50. Which kind of bronchus (exclusively and completely) supplies the air to a bronchopulmonary segment?
A. primary (main)
B. secondary (lobar)
C. tertiary (third-order)
D. bronchiole
E. respiratory bronchiole
(E) 51. In one lecture, Dr. Mallatt showed the class a book called “Hamburger America” and pointed out the butter burger, in which the burger in its bun is floating in a soup bowl of melted butter. What point was he making by this story?
A. Don’t eat too much cholesterol or it will cause you to get gallstones.
B. Animal fat like this causes you to gain weight and form too much of the “bad fat” that builds up in your serous membranes and mesenteries, rather than adding to your subcutaneous fat, which is your “good fat”.
C. The crystal in the middle of each granule in an eosinophil resembles the meat patty in a hamburger bun, and it all is in a liquid environment, thus the butter.
D. A new type of taste cell has been discovered in the taste buds, and it allows you to taste fats.
E. When you eat too many big hamburgers, the stomach stretches as it fills, then the elastin in the submucosa helps the stomach to snap back to shape after the meal has moved on to the small intestine.
LectureTest32010
Biology 315: Lecture Test 3, Spring 2010: TEST B, THURSDAY
Directions: This multiple-choice test has one correct answer per question. Fill in the best answers on your answer sheets. Please write your lab time at the top of the answer sheet.