Regents Review: Global Studies

Important

  • Have a goal and the confidence you will achieve it!
  • What is your goal______.
  • Good Luck

Regents:

The regents exam covers all of the material in the New York State Global Studies and Geography curriculum. Copies of this can be found online at: The test has three parts which I have outlined below.

MultipleChoice Questions

  • 50 Questions
  • Read Directions Thoroughly and Carefully
  • Cross Out Wrong Answers and Choose the Best

Thematic Essay

To successfully write a thematic essay response, one must focus on the task. Each of the task items must be addressed in the written essay response in order to receive full credit. A generic scoring rubric is provided which explains how the thematic essay response will be graded. The maximum possible score is a five; the lowest possible score is a zero. To earn the maximum score possible, consider the following steps for writing a thematic essay response:
1. Pre-Writing
2. Introduction
3. Body Paragraphs
4. Conclusion

DBQ Questions and Essay

To successfully write a DBQ short answer response, one must carefully read or examine the historical context from Part A, the document, and the question or questions associated with it. The answer to these questions can often be located directly within the document. Other times, one must refer back to specific information given in the historical context of the DBQ. It should be noted that the documents upon which short answer questions are based can be textual (e.g., speech, law, etc.) or visual (e.g., political cartoon, map, etc.). Please be sure to refer to the required number of documents as well as adding outside information.

World History Themes:

The Regents examination for global history and geography will be based on the NYS Global Studies and Geography core curriculum. The following concepts and themes in global history and geography are emphasized in this curriculum.

Belief Systems / Factors of Production / Nationalism
Change / Human and Physical / Nation State
Citizenship / Geography / Needs and Wants
Conflict / Human Rights / Political Systems
Culture and Intellectual Life / Imperialism / Power
Decision Making / Interdependence / Scarcity
Diversity / Justice / Science and Technology
Economic Systems / Movement of People and / Urbanization
Environment and Society / Goods

1

Quick Review:Religions

ReligionMajor BeliefsEffect on Area

Christianity
(MONO) / Bible is Holy Book
Jesus is the messiah (savior)
Those who believe in Jesus will be saved (salvation)
You should follow the teachings of Jesus during life (Golden Rule, Love Thy Neighbor)
When you die, you go to heaven or hell
Differences:
RC: believe in Pope
Protestantism: No pope / Roman Catholic Church provided unity during the Middle Ages. Gothic Cathedrals symbolized the power of the Catholic Church.
Protestant reformation ended religious unity in Europe in the 1500’s, leading to many wars
The RCC also provided unity and order in Latin America
Hinduism
(POLY) / Upanishads—holy book
Caste System- rigid social class system
No beef- Cow is holy
GangesRiver- Holy Rive
Must follow your Dharma to get good Karma.
Reincarnation until you reach perfection and then you go to Moksha
Sati: Women jump on funeral pyre of husband / Conflict in India during independence between Muslims and Hindus. This led to the partition of India—Pakistan for the Muslims and India for the Hindus. Fighting still goes on their today, and a nuclear weapons race had begun between the two nations
Islam
(MONO) / Koran—Holy Book
No pork- dirty animal
Body is a temple- no alcohol
Women are inferior—walk behind husband in public and must remained covered
5 pillars: Only one god, Allah; Charity; Fasting during Ramadan; Pilgrimage to Mecca; Pray 5 x a day
Jihad: Holy Wars to spread Islam / 1-United Arab cultures during the 7th century to create the Golden Age of Muslim Culture. Islam spread across the Middle East and northern Africa. Rulers during this time used religious toleration to rule diverse cultures and also expanding upon Roman knowledge. Many advances in math and science came about.
2-Islamic Fundamentalism—Iran (see Ayatollah Khomeini)
Judaism
(MONO) / Torah—Holy Book
No pork- dirty animal
Ethical God
Ten commandments- ethnical/moral behavior code
Jews are chosen people of God
Promised land- area of Israel / Persecution: Jews have been persecuted throughout history for their religion. From the Roman Diaspora , when Jews were forced from the Middle East, to being blamed for the Black Plague in the Middle Ages, to Russian pogroms to the Holocaust.
Confucianism
(PHILOSOPHY) / 5 relationships- Ruler to subject; Husband to wife; father to son; Older bro to Younger bro; friend to friend
everyone had a role in society and everyone must set a good example
Family more important than individual
Education is important
Filial piety: respect of elders
Order in society is important / Has helped unify China. Has also made it easy for communist leaders to impose their will upon the people because the people are expected to follow the government (that is their role in society – ruler to subject)
Daosim (Similar to animism in Africa)
(PHILOSOPHY) / Everything has a spirit
Nature is very important
Man must get back to nature
Society causes man to be bad / Nature is very important in Asian societies because of this.
Buddhism / Four Noble truths: all life is suffering; desire causes suffering; must end desire to end suffering; Follow 8-fold path to end desire
8 fold path: rules for daily living (giving up materialistic desire through righteous living)
reincarnated until you are “enlightened” then you go to nirvana / Some Buddhists in Southeast Asia follow a monastic lifestyle, becoming Buddhist monks. They give up materialistic items and strive to become enlightened through meditation

KEY TERMS AND VOCABULARY

1

Absolutism

Animism

Aristocracy

Byzantine Empire

Caste system

Civilization

Culture

Code of Bushido

Cuneiform

Cultural diffusion

Columbian Exchange

Conquistadors

Divine Right

Dharma

Democracy

Deforestation

Daoism

Desertification

Ethnocentrism

Five Pillars

Five Relationships

Filial Piety

Feudalism

Fertile Crescent

Four Noble Truths

Golden Age

Hieroglyphics

Hammurabi’s Code

Hellenistic Age

Humanism

Irregular coastline

Jihad

Koran

Khanates

Karma

Mandate of Heaven

Middle passage

Monotheism

Magna Carta

Monsoons

Monarchy

Neolithic Age

Nirvana

NileRiver

Pax Romana

Pax Mongolia

Paleolithic Age

Pharaoh

Polytheism

Republic

Regular coastline

Silk road

Sahel

Savanna

Slash and burn agriculture

Subsistence farming

Terrace farming

Theocracy

Torah

Ten Commandments

Triangular trade

Upanishads/Vedas

Yellow River

Ziggurat

Alexander the Great

Pericles

Augustus

Machiavelli

Henry VIII

Mansa Musa

Suleiman the Great

Charlemagne

Genghis Khan

Kublai Khan

Machiavelli

Martin Luther

Joan of Arc

Johann Gutenberg

Louis XIV

Louis XVI

Peter the Great

Catherine the Great

Elizabeth I

Scientific Revolution

Enlightenment

Natural Rights

Legislative Assembly

Coup de etat

Scorched-earth Policy

Balance of Power

Peninisulares

Conservatives

Liberals

Radicals

Reactionaries

Nationalism

Realpolitik

Industrialization

Factors of Production

Entrepreneur
Urbanization

Middle Class

Corporation

Laissez faire

Capitalism

Socialism

Communism

Unions

Zionism

Anti-Semitism

Imperialism

Social Darwinism

Berlin Conference

Suez Canal

Sepoy Mutiny

Jewel of the Crown

Annexation

Self-sufficient

Extraterritorial Rights

Sphere of Influence

Meiji Era

Caudillos

Militarism

Alliances

Trench Warfare

Propaganda

Armistice

Treaty of Versailles

League of Nations

Self Determination

Pogroms

Bolsheviks

Soviet Union

New Economic Policy

Totalitarianism

Command Economy

Market Economy

Traditional Economy

Collectivization

Nationalization of Industry

Kulaks

Censorship

Civil Disobedience

Nazism

Appeasement

Isolationism

Munich Conference

Blitzkrieg

Holocaust

Genocide

Nuremburg Trials

Demilitarization

United Nations

Iron Curtain

Containment

Cold War

Marshall Plan

Brinkmanship

Cultural Revolution

Great Leap Forward

Domino Theory

Vietnamization

Khmer Rouge

Nonalligned Nations

Destalinization

Détente

SALT

Partition

Nehru

Pan-Africanism

Mau Mau Uprising

Suez Crisis

Geopolitics

Camp David Accords

PLO

Democracy

Standard of Living

Recession

Dissidents

Apartheid

ANC

Glasnost

Perestroika

Solidarity

Ethnic Cleansing

Chechnya

Four Modernizations

Tiananmen Square

Hong Kong

Interdependence

Developing Nations

Free Trade

Gulf War

Proliferation

Terrorism

Fundamentalism

European Union

Popular Culture

John Locke

Voltaire

Montesquieu

Rousseau

Louis XVI

Napoleon

Metternich

Toussaint L’Overture

Simon Bolivar

Otto von Bismark

Adam Smith

Karl Marx

Benito Jaurez

Emiliano Zapata

VI Lenin

Stalin

Hitler

Mussolini

Sun Yatsen

Mao Zedong

Mohandas Gandhi

Mustafa Kemal

Jiang Jieshi

Douglas MacArthur

Ho Chi Minh

Fidel Castro

Ayatollah Khomeini

Nikita Krushchev

Kwame Nkrumah

Jomo Kenyatta

Nelson Mandela

Mikhail Gorbachev

Zhoe Enlai

1

Review Outline

I-Introduction

A-Identify:

Culture:

Cultural Diffusion:

Cultural Diversity:

Archaeology:

Economics:

Primary Source:

Secondary Source:

Geography:

Archipelago

Peninsula

Delta

Ethnocentric

Monotheistic

Polytheistic

Matriarchal

Patriarchal

Art: represents or reflects the values of a culture

Prehistoric

Subsistence farming

Natural Resources

Monsoons

RiverValleys

Classical Civilizations

Medieval Europe

Geography: In a paragraph (at least 5 sentences) explain human beings relationship to geography.

Ancient Civilizations: Time period:

A-Common Attributes

1-Most were polytheistic:

2-Neolithic revolution made their civilizations possible:

A-Neolithic Revolution:

B-Led to the creation of permanent settlements (cities)

C-Prior to that: subsistence farming:

3-Social Structures: Priests/Kings first, then Generals, Merchants, and Slaves.

4-All developed along rivers (in river valleys)

B-Five Key Traits to a Civilization

NameExamplesDescription

D-How did trade effect these civilizations?

E-What were the achievements of the following civilizations?

1-Hittites:

2-Phoenicians:

3-Assyrians:

4-Persians:

5-Nubia

Early RiverValley Civilizations

Sumer (Mesopotamia) / Egypt / IndusValley / China
Environment
Power and Authority
Science and Technology

Classical Civilizations:

A-Greece:

1-Achievements:

a-Government:

b-Literature:

c-Philosophy:

d-Architecture:

2-City-States:

a-Athens

b-Sparta:

3-Terms:

A-Monarchy:

B-Oligarchy:

C-Democracy:

D-Hellenistic Culture:

B-Rome:

1-Achievements:

A-Government:

B-Law and the Twelve Tables:

C-Architecture:

D-Language:

2-Identify:

A-Why did Rome grow into a huge empire?

b-What were the effects of roads:

c-What was the Pax Romana:

g-What were the reasons for the Fall of Rome:

3-Terms:

a-Republic:

b-Silk Road:

c-Pax Romana:

C-Classical Ages in China:

1-List the achievements of the following dynasties:

DynastyAchievements

Qin
Han
Song & Tang

D-Classical Ages in India:

1-Age of Asoka:

2-Infrastructure:

E-Golden Ages of the Classical Civilizations:

After the Fall of Rome: Mongols, Muslim World and the Byzantine Empire

A-Mongols

1-Geography

2-Accomplishments

3-Genghis Khan

4-Mongol Empire

B-Muslim World

1-Geography

2-Islam

3-Muhammed

4-Accomplishments

5-Five Pillars of Islam

6-Sunni/Shiite Split

C-Byzantine Empire:

1-Achievements:

a-Effect on Russia:

b-Preservation of Greek/Roman culture

c-Kept Muslims from invading Europe.

d-Justinian Code:

D-African Civilizations

1- Bantu Migration

2-Kingdom of Aksum

Middle Ages: (Western Europe)—The chaos left behind by the fallen Roman empire led to the creation of many small kingdoms.

1-What is a decentralized government?

What is a nation state?

2-Achievements of the Franks:

a-Charlemagne:

1-Divine Right:

2-Power to the church:

3-Identify the following:

A-Feudalism:

b-Manoralism:

C-Role of the Church:

1-salvation:

2-heresy:

3-inquisition:

4-excommunication:

4-Crusades:

a-Causes:

b-Effects:

While the Europeans were going through the “middle ages”, the Muslims in the Middle East and North Africa were having a “Golden Age”. This golden age was characterized by:

VII-Religions

Name place holy booksrules for living goal Other

Confucianism / China / 1-Filial Piety: respect for elders
2-Family is more important than the individual. / 1-everyone has a place in society.
2-If everyone does their job, there will be peace. / Civil Service Exams used to get good people in government.
Education important for public service.
Daoism / China / 1-People need to get in touch with nature.
2-If people get back to nature there will be peace and harmony. / 1-Yin Yang—there is a balance to everything—good/bad, male/female.
Hinduism / Upanishads—written discussions that explore how a person can rid themselves of suffering. / 1-Dharma: The rules you should follow for your role in society
2-Karma: Your “soul” that reflects the good and bad deeds you have done. This will determine how you will be reincarnated.
3-Reincarnation: when you die, you are reborn into another life.
4-when one becomes perfect, he/she goes to Moksha (heaven) / MOKSHA / 1-Caste system: a rigid class system. You cannot move from the social class you are born into (no social mobility). Lowest caste: untouchables.
Buddhism / 1-Four Noble truths:
2-Eight Fold Path
Islam / Golden Age of Moslem:
Jihad:
Women are inferior. (purdah)
Christianity
Animism

Global Interactions (1200 - 1650)


A.A

Early Japanese History and Feudalism

Shintoism

Bushido

Feudalism

European Knights / Japanese Samurai

Shogun

Rise and Fall of African Civilizations:

Ghana

Mali

Songhai

SaharaDesert

Gold/Salt Trade

Mansa Musa

Explain relationship to geography

Great Zimbabwe

Renaissance and Humanism

Northern Italy

Medici Family

Renaissance

Humanism

“Renaissance Man”

Vernacular

Machiavelli

Reformation and Counter Reformation

Reformation

Martin Luther

Indulgences

Protestant

Anglican

Counter (Catholic) Reformation

Council of Trent

Copy Chart from textbook

Effect in Renaissance / Social Change / Effect in Reformation

The rise and impact of European Nation-States/Decline Feudalism

Explain:

Unit Four: The First Global Age (1450 - 1770)

The Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644)

Contributions to modern world:

The Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)

Contributions to modern world:

Isolationism:

Impact of Ottoman Empire on the Middle East & Europe

Ottoman Empire

Osman

Suleiman the Lawgiver

The Mughal Empire:

Contributions to the modern world:

The Safivad Empire

Contributions to the modern world:

Spain and Portugal on the eve of encounter and exploration

Define and explain the age of exploration:

Explain the effects of the age of exploration:

Henry the Navigator

Bartolomeu Dias

Vasco da Gama

The Rise of Mesoamerican Empires

Define and explain

North American Indians

Mississipian

Iroquois

Maya

Theocracy

Advancements:

Decline?

Aztec

Valley of Mexico

Tenochtitlan

Alliances

Sacrifices

Inca

Geography

Roads

The Encounter between Europeans & the Peoples of Africa, the Americas, & Asia

Christopher Columbus

Conquistadors

Hernando Cortes

Francisco Pizzaro

Treaty of Tordesillas

Encomienda System

Atlantic Slave Trade

Middle Passage

Triangular Trade

Columbian Exchange

Commercial Revolution

Capitalism

Joint stock companies

Mercantilism

Global Absolutism

Define and Explain

Louis XIV of France

Peter the Great

Phillip II of Spain

The Response to Absolutism: The Rise of Parliamentary Democracy in England

Petition of Right

English Civil War

Habeas Corpus

Glorious Revolution

Define Constitutional Monarchy

Scientific Revolution

Scientific Revolution

Nicolaus Copernicus

Johanes Kepler

Scientific Method

Galileo

Enlightenment:

A-What was it?

B-Philosophers:

1- Rousseau:

2- Montesquieu

3- Hobbes:

4- Voltaire:

5- Locke:

Making Connections: How did these ideas influence France and the U.S.?

French Revolution- 1789-1799

A-Causes:

1-Social:

2-Economic:

3-Political:

B-Major Events:

1- Estates General is called by Louis XVI:

2- National Assembly is formed

3- Tennis Court Oath is Taken

4-Declaration of the Rights of man

5-New Constitution is made

6-Foreign nations attack France

7-Radicals take over

8-Committee of Public Safety

9-Robespierre

10-Robespierre is executed

11-Directory Takes over

B-Effects:

Napoleon:

A-Rise to Power:

B-Domestic Policies:

1-Education:

2-Banking:

3-Laws:

4-Religion:

C-Foreign Policies:

1-Continental System:

2-Invasion of Russia:

3-Exile:

D-Effects of Napoleon:

The Rise of Nationalism:

A- Congress of Vienna:

1-Goal- to stop nationalism & return Europe to the way it was before the French Revolution

2-Key Terms:

a-reactionary

b-legitimacy

C-Rise of Nationalism in Latin America:

1-pre-revolutionary Latin America:

A- Colonial Society:

1- Europeans tried to transplant European society to the New World

a-Since natives were scarce, a new labor supply had to brought over to the colonies. ______were brought from Africa

b-______culture mixed with native culture due to slavery.

2- Social Class Structure: very rigid.

a-______held most of the power and the land

b-______were descendants of the peninsulares.

3-______: system by which natives who lived on land owned by Europeans could be forced to work for them.

4-______: This powerful institution from Spain held a great deal of power in the colonies.

5-______: Economic system that led Spain to create colonies in the first place. Raw materials were sent back to the mother country and turned into manufactured goods. These goods were then sold back to the colonists.

2 - Independence Movements:

A- Influences:

1-The ______and ______revolutions inspired people in the Spanish colonies to revolt

2-The creoles resented not having equal power with the ______.

3- General reason for revolution: The government is not meeting the needs of the ______. The people are unhappy.

4- Writers of the ______also influenced the colonies.

3- People to know:

a-Toussaint L’Ouverture: Leads first successful revolution in the French colony of ______.

b-Bernado O’Higgins: Leads revolution in ______

c-Miguel Hidalgo: Important in the country of______

d-Simon Bolivar:

1-Creole from Venezuela

2-Educated in ______

3-Leads revolution in South America

4-Gains independence for 5 South American nations.

5-Tries to create a united South America called ______. This fails due to cultural ______. Geography had created ______, which means dedication to the geographic region you live in, not a nation.

4-Latin America after Independence:

A-- Democracy fails.

1-People had little / no experience with democracy

2-Little reform occurred

3-Power remained in the hands of the few