SBI4U

Homeostasis - Unit in Review

Review material in the following sections of the textbook and focus on the specific topics listed below:

-9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5

-10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.7

-11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4

Key terms from the textbook are in bold face.

Homeostasis & Control Systems (9.1, 9.2, 9.3)

-define homeostasis

-identify the essential components of a homeostatic mechanism? (sensor, integrator, effector)

-distinguish between negative feedback and positive feedback mechanisms

-describe the homeostatic processes involved in thermoregulation

-distinguish between homeotherms, poikilotherms, endotherms, and ectotherms; torpor, hibernation, and estivation

Excretory System (9.4, 9.5)

-identify the main structures in excretory system (nephron, Bowman's capsule, glomerulus,

afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, proximal convoluted tubule, loop

of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting ducts)

-predict the movement of substances across selectively permeable membranes based on osmotic

pressure differences (hyperosmotic, hypoosmotic, isoosmotic)

-describe how urine is formed (filtration, reabsorption, secretion)

-determine what substances have been filtered, secreted, reabsorbed by comparing the composition

of blood, glomerular filtrate, and urine

-analyze the results of urinalysis [see #58 on page 463]

-describe some examples of kidney disorders (e.g., kidney stones) & treatment

Endocrine System (10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.7)

-identify the major glands of the endocrine system (hypothalamus, pituitary gland, etc.)

-distinguish between protein hormones and steroid hormones

-describe how metabolic rate is regulated by thyroxine (T4), TSH, TRH

-identify how imbalance can cause goiters

-describe how blood pressure is regulated with antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

-describe how blood calcium level is regulated with calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)

-describe the effects of overproduction & underproduction of PTH

-describe how blood sugar is regulated with the hormones glucagon and insulin

-identify where these hormones are produced in the islets of Langerhans

-describe the types of diabetes mellitus, symptoms & treatment

-interpret data on blood sugar level [see Mini-Investigation on page 486 & #54 on page 511]

-describe the action of reproductive hormones & their regulation by feedback mechanisms in the male

and female reproductive systems:

-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), gonadotropic hormones (follicle-stimulating

hormone (FSH) & luteinizing hormone (LH)), testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, inhibin,

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

-See especially: Figure 2 on page 498 and Figure 5 on page 501

-describe hormone levels during pregnancy

-describe hormone replacement therapy in menopausal women

Nervous System (11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4)

-identify the major divisions of the nervous system

-describe the types of specialized cells in the nervous system

-neurons (dendrites, axons, glial cells, myelin sheaths, nodes of Ranvier

-identify the key components & functions of the central nervous system (CNS)

-meninges, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

-grey matter, white matter

-structure of the vertebrate brain (medulla oblongata, cerebellum, pons, cerebrum)

-4 main lobes of the cerebral cortex

-identify the key components & functions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

-afferent system

-efferent system

-somatic system

-spinal nerves

-autonomic system (sympathetic & parasympathetic divisions)

-neural pathways involving ganglions

-identify the components of a neural circuit such as a reflex arc (receptor, afferent (sensory)

neuron, interneuron, efferent (motor) neuron, effector)

-explain how movement of ions during conduction of electrical signals by neurons (resting potential,

action potential, threshold potential, refractory period) [See Figure 4, page 524]

-describe key events that lead to transmission of nervous signals at synapses (neurotransmitters,

acetylcholine, cholinesterase)

-describe how the body detects & responds to pain (substantia gelatinosa (SG), endorphins & enkephalins, opioid painkillers

-give examples to illustrate how the excretory, endocrine & nervous systems interact to maintain homeostasis

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron)

(http://biogeonerd.blogspot.ca/2012/02/action

-potentials-what-make-your-brain.html)

(from: http://www.mrhorrocks.com/?page_id=1390)

Evaluation: / Date: / Categories:
KU / TI / A / C
Chapter 9 Quiz / √ / √ / √ / √
Menstrual Cycle Assignment / √ / √
Unit Test / √ / √ / √ / √