SBI4U
Homeostasis - Unit in Review
Review material in the following sections of the textbook and focus on the specific topics listed below:
-9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5
-10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.7
-11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4
Key terms from the textbook are in bold face.
Homeostasis & Control Systems (9.1, 9.2, 9.3)
-define homeostasis
-identify the essential components of a homeostatic mechanism? (sensor, integrator, effector)
-distinguish between negative feedback and positive feedback mechanisms
-describe the homeostatic processes involved in thermoregulation
-distinguish between homeotherms, poikilotherms, endotherms, and ectotherms; torpor, hibernation, and estivation
Excretory System (9.4, 9.5)
-identify the main structures in excretory system (nephron, Bowman's capsule, glomerulus,
afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, proximal convoluted tubule, loop
of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting ducts)
-predict the movement of substances across selectively permeable membranes based on osmotic
pressure differences (hyperosmotic, hypoosmotic, isoosmotic)
-describe how urine is formed (filtration, reabsorption, secretion)
-determine what substances have been filtered, secreted, reabsorbed by comparing the composition
of blood, glomerular filtrate, and urine
-analyze the results of urinalysis [see #58 on page 463]
-describe some examples of kidney disorders (e.g., kidney stones) & treatment
Endocrine System (10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.7)
-identify the major glands of the endocrine system (hypothalamus, pituitary gland, etc.)
-distinguish between protein hormones and steroid hormones
-describe how metabolic rate is regulated by thyroxine (T4), TSH, TRH
-identify how imbalance can cause goiters
-describe how blood pressure is regulated with antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
-describe how blood calcium level is regulated with calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)
-describe the effects of overproduction & underproduction of PTH
-describe how blood sugar is regulated with the hormones glucagon and insulin
-identify where these hormones are produced in the islets of Langerhans
-describe the types of diabetes mellitus, symptoms & treatment
-interpret data on blood sugar level [see Mini-Investigation on page 486 & #54 on page 511]
-describe the action of reproductive hormones & their regulation by feedback mechanisms in the male
and female reproductive systems:
-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), gonadotropic hormones (follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH) & luteinizing hormone (LH)), testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, inhibin,
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
-See especially: Figure 2 on page 498 and Figure 5 on page 501
-describe hormone levels during pregnancy
-describe hormone replacement therapy in menopausal women
Nervous System (11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4)
-identify the major divisions of the nervous system
-describe the types of specialized cells in the nervous system
-neurons (dendrites, axons, glial cells, myelin sheaths, nodes of Ranvier
-identify the key components & functions of the central nervous system (CNS)
-meninges, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
-grey matter, white matter
-structure of the vertebrate brain (medulla oblongata, cerebellum, pons, cerebrum)
-4 main lobes of the cerebral cortex
-identify the key components & functions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
-afferent system
-efferent system
-somatic system
-spinal nerves
-autonomic system (sympathetic & parasympathetic divisions)
-neural pathways involving ganglions
-identify the components of a neural circuit such as a reflex arc (receptor, afferent (sensory)
neuron, interneuron, efferent (motor) neuron, effector)
-explain how movement of ions during conduction of electrical signals by neurons (resting potential,
action potential, threshold potential, refractory period) [See Figure 4, page 524]
-describe key events that lead to transmission of nervous signals at synapses (neurotransmitters,
acetylcholine, cholinesterase)
-describe how the body detects & responds to pain (substantia gelatinosa (SG), endorphins & enkephalins, opioid painkillers
-give examples to illustrate how the excretory, endocrine & nervous systems interact to maintain homeostasis
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron)
(http://biogeonerd.blogspot.ca/2012/02/action
-potentials-what-make-your-brain.html)
(from: http://www.mrhorrocks.com/?page_id=1390)
Evaluation: / Date: / Categories:KU / TI / A / C
Chapter 9 Quiz / √ / √ / √ / √
Menstrual Cycle Assignment / √ / √
Unit Test / √ / √ / √ / √