Anatomy & Physiology
Blood Web Quest KEY 80 points
1. (2 points) How many liters of blood does the human body hold? What percentage of this is water? (A) about 5-5.5 liters; 80-82%
2. (3 points) What are the 3 types of cells found in blood? What are their ‘scientific’ names? What is the fluid portion of blood called? (A)
Red (erythrocytes), white (leukocytes), platelets (thrombocytes); plasma
3. (4 points) Name the function of EACH of the above blood components. (A)
Red: carry oxygen; white: fight infection; platelets: clotting; plasma: move substances (water, nutrients, cells)
4. (3 points) What is hemoglobin? What is its function? Where is it found? (A)
Iron protein complex; carries/binds with oxygen; found in Red blood cells
5. (1 point) What are the small blood vessels that allow passage of gasses like oxygen to pass through the walls? (A)
Capillaries
6. (2 points) What is the main difference between arteries and veins? (A)
Most arteries carry oxygenated blood and most veins carry deoxygenated blood. Arteries carry blood away from heart; veins (have valves) return blood to heart. (Pulmonary artery – deoxygenated blood; pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood to heart)
7. (1 point) Approximately how long do your red blood cells live? (B)
120 days
8. (4 points) What is the percentage found with the blood of each of the components (out of 100%)? (B)
Red: 40-45%; white: less than 1%; Platelets: 5%; plasma: ~55%
9. (2 points) Approximately how long does it take to give a blood transfusion? How does one get a blood transfusion? (B)
2-4 hours; through an IV
10. (1 point) What is an autologous blood donation? (B)
When a patient donates his/her own blood prior to surgery (knowing that he.she will need that blood).
11. (1 point) What is a hemolytic reaction? (B)
When a person receives blood but it is the incorrect match (type) and the red blood cells are attacked. The person’s immune system attacks the cells; this can be life threatening.
12. (3 points) What are antibodies? What is their function? What produces them? (C )
Special proteins that recognize and destroy foreign bodies/materials; produced by lymphocytes in response to antigen
13. (1 point) What do platelets work in conjunction with to clot blood? (C )
Clotting factors (coagulation proteins)
14. (2 points) What is thrombocytopenia? What is neutropenia? (C )
Thrombocytopenia: not enough platelets resulting in abnormal bleeding or bruising; neutropenia: low or abnormal number of white blood cells resulting in low resistance to bacterial infections.
15. (4 points) What is anemia? What are the 3 main reasons for anemia? (D)
Abnormally low number of rbcs; caused by: red blood cells are being lost; red blood cells are being destroyed; the body is producing red blood cells slower than it should.
16. (2 points) What is the difference between iron deficiency anemia and hemolytic anemia? (D)
IDA: Not enough iron in the diet to make rbcs; hemolytic: the rbcs are being destroyed
17. (2 points) What are the symptoms of anemia? How does one get diagnosed with anemia? (D)
Fast heart beat, tired, short of breath, headaches, lack of concentration, difficulty in learning and memory; Diagnosed with a blood test.
18. (1 points) How is anemia treated? (D)
IDA: iron and food; hemolytic: seeing a specialist to treat the underlying cause.
19. (2 points) What is hemophilia? How does one get this disease? (E)
Blood clotting disorder where clotting factors are missing; this disease is genetic (sex-linked on X).
20. (1 point) How is hemophilia treated? (E)
Current: Clotting factor replacement therapy and/or plasma transfusion
Hope for future: gene therapy
21. (2 points) What protein does sickle cell anemia affect? Which blood component is affected by this disease? (F)
Hemoglobin; red blood cells
22. (1 point) In sickle cell anemia, how long do red blood cells circulate compared to normal red blood cells? (F)
10-14 days (instead of 120 days, or 4 months)
23. (1 point) It is believed that the sickle cell trait was the result of a mutation that occurred in the malaria prone regions of Africa. Why? (F)
Because people with the sickle cell trait are resistant to malaria; this allowed the sickle cell trait to be passed down to future generations
24. (2 points) What are the treatments for sickle cell anemia? (F)
Current treatments: vitamins like folic acid, penicillin (to prevent or treat infections), pain meds for pain crises, fluids (sometimes IV), oxygen, blood transfusions, hydroyurea, or bone marrow transplants. Hope for future: gene therapy
25. (3 points) What is von Willebrand disease? What does it affect? What causes it? (G)
A blood clotting disorder that is genetically inherited; it affects the von Willebrand factor that helps platelets clot blood; it is caused by having not enough or ineffective von Willebrand factor or that and not enough Factor VIII.
26. (2 points) What are some of the symptoms of von Willebrand disease? How is this disease treated? (G)
Symptoms: bruising easily, heavy menstrual periods, bleeding from gums, nose, or intestinal lining, bleeding from cuts or too much after a tooth is pulled.
Treatment: Type 1 & Type 2: desmopressin; Type 3 (& sometimes 2): medication with von Willebrand factor and factor VIII.
27. (1 point) What is the process by which blood produces itself called? (H)
Hematopoiesis
28. (9 points) Fill in the chart. (I)
Blood Type / Antigen / Antibody / % PopulationA / A / B / 40
B / B / A / 11
AB / AB / none / 4
O / none / AB / 45
29. (1 point) What is apheresis? (J)
When only a specific component of a donor’s blood is removed
30. (3 points) Name the ways blood can be split after it is donated. (J)
Packed RBCs
fresh frozen plasma,
platelets
WBCs
albumin
immunoglobulins
cryoprecipitate anti-hemolytic factors
factor VIII concentrate
factor IX concentrate
31. (5 points) Name the 5 main types of white blood cells (not band cells). Include their percentages. (K)
Neutrophils (58% or 54-62%), Eosinophils (2% or 1-3%), Basophils (1% or less than 1%), Monocytes (4% or 3-9%), Lymphocytes (30% or 25-30% )
32. (5 points) What are the functions of each type of white blood cell? (K)
Neutrophils:phagocytosis (kill bacteria);
Eosinophils: kill parasites & allergic infections;
Basophils: allergic reactions, release histamines;
Monocytes: become macrophages, phagocytosis (kill dead cells);
Lymphocytes: specific immune function