DNA and Genetics Review

DNA and Genetics Review

Answer the questions below on a separate piece of paper. When you are done, staple all lab members’ papers together. One score will be given to all lab members.

Part One: DNA

1.  What is DNA composed of?

2.  What is Replication and when is it used?

3.  What are the 2 steps of protein synthesis? What is each ones’ end product?

4. What happens if protein synthesis is NOT carried out correctly? How could this process be

beneficial?

Part Two: Dominant Alleles, Recessive Alleles, and Inheritance Patterns.

1.  What are Dominant and Recessive Alleles? When are they expressed?

2.  What is a Punnett Square? Draw a single trait Punnett Square for the cross Hh x Hh.

3.  From question #2, what is the genotypic and phenotypic ratio from your cross?

4.  When a white cow and black cow are crossed you get a spotted cow. Explain how this is possible. Use a Punnett Square to help explain.

5. When a black cat and a white cat are crossed you get a gray kitten. Explain how this might

happen?

Part Three: Chromosomes, Linkage, and Sex Linkage.

1.  What makes up chromosomes?

2.  What purpose do chromosomes serve? What are homologous chromosomes?

3.  How does each chromosomes vary within an individual organism?

4.  What is meant by Mendel’s law of segregation?

5.  Explain Mendel’s law of independent assortment.

6.  How is gender determined in organisms? Use a Punnett Square to help.

7.  In mammals, including humans, which gender is most likely to show a sex-linked trait? Why?

8.  How are genes normally expressed?

9.  A color-blind man marries a woman with no history of color blindness in her family. What are the chances that: (Construct a Punnett Square)

a) Their sons will be color-blind?

b) Their daughters will be color-blind?

c) Their daughters will carry the color-blind allele?