THE BEGINNING OF MODERN TIMES
CHPT 9 SECTION 3
(pages 245-9)
I. RENAISSANCE (rebirth)
2. 1350 AD – 1815 AD (according to text)
3. ends w/ French Revolution – (By most accounts Renaissance ended around 1600-1650 AD – well before the French Revolution
2. 1350 – interest in education, art, science
3. northern Italy spread thru Europe
3. revisited classic Greece & Rome
3. Artists
4. beauty of life
4. curiosity & enthusiasm for life = heart of Renaissance
4. Most Famous
5. Leonardo da Vinci
5. Michelangelo Buonarotti
6. painted Sistine Chapel
3. Printing Press
4. 1450 - Johannes Gutenberg invented
5. “father of printing in the Western world”
5. larger access to books = people encouraged to read & write (literacy)
4. writers started writing in own language instead of Latin or French
3. Nationhood
4. Ruler become more powerful
5. unite countries
6. become nations w/
one language and like
culture
6. England strengthened
7. 1st Tudor King =
Henry VII
6. King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella
7. unite Spain
8. drive out Jews and Muslims
8. Spanish Inquisition
I. PROTESTANT REFORMATION
2. Reform
3. to change
2. Protestants (non Catholic Christian)
3. “protested” many Catholic teachings/practices
4. believed:
5. Church leaders interested in wealth not religion
5. indulgences = wrong
6. sold documents freeing owner of punishment of sins
3. Martin Luther (Catholic monk)
4. One of first to challenge Catholic Church
4. 1520 – pope kicked him out of Catholic church
4. Starts own church (Lutheran)
5. Preaches in German not Latin
3. John Calvin
4. Early Protestant leader
4. England = Puritans
5. freedom in America
to practice own religion
3. Wanted religious freedom
3. Split caused many yrs of religious wars
1. AGE OF EXPLORATION
2. Mid 1400s
2. Europe begins to explore
3. Portuguese – South Africa and around India
3. Spain – looks for another way to Asia
4. 1492-Christopher Columbus looking for East Indies
5. landed in America by mistake
5. called people Indians
4. Dutch, English and French – trade with Americas
4. Columbian Exchange
5. disease spread by Europe to Native Americans
6. small pox & measles killed millions in the Americas
5. also ideas, religious ideas and slavery
6. 20 million African
to America
6. outlawed – early 1800s
The exchange also brought healthy food and plants to Europe helping to increase the population of Europe.
I. REVOLUTION
2. great & often violent change
3. America freedom from England
3. Europe from kings, queens, nobles
2. Rule of the People
3. ended divine right of kings!!!!!!
4. kings rule by will of god = ending
3. people believe should have greater role in government
3. Philosophers
4. John Locke &
Jean Rousseau
5. studied the nature of man and government
5. believe that government should serve mankind
5. protect their freedoms
4