Name ______Date ______Block ______
Define and understand concepts related to the following terms:
- Passive transportThe movement of particles from high to low concentration without the use of energy. (Remember the drawing)
- Diffusion Movement of particles from high to low concentration. This is a type of passive transport. Moves particles into and out of cells through cell membrane.
- Active transport The movement of particles from low to high concentration with the use of energy (ATP)
- OsmosisDiffusion of water. Important because cells are filled with fluids made mostly of water. Review egg osmosis questions
- Facilitated diffusionMovement of particles from high to low concentration with the use of a transport protein. Does not require energy.
- Protein pumpsMovement of particles from low to high concentration with the use of proteins, requires energy
- Endocytosis brings large particles into cells. Particle comes in contact with membrane, membrane wraps around the particle and pinches off creating a vesicle.
- ExocytosisTake large particles out of cells. Vesicle fuses to the membrane, membrane opens up and releases particle out of the cell.
- Binary fission Process in which bacteria cells divide. It means splitting into 2 parts. DNA is found in a circular ring. DNA controls all cell activities.
- MitosisThe division of the nucleus and DNA in the process of cellular reproduction. This is only done in eukaryotes.
Answer the following questions about cell processes:
- Explain the process of photosynthesis. Be sure to include the requirements and products.
Photosynthesis is the process of using sunlight to produce food. Most commonly performed in plants. This process occurs in the chloroplasts of the cell.
REACTANTS--> PRODUCTS
- Explain the process of cellular respiration. Be sure to include the requirements and products.
Cellular respiration is the process in all cells where food is broken down to release energy. In prokaryotes it occurs in the cell membrane, but in eukaryotes it occurs in the mitochondria.
Glucose oxygen carbon dioxide water
- How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
Remember the requirements of photosynthesis are the products of cellular respiration, and the requirements of cellular respiration of the products of photosynthesis. So, the substances cycle between the two processes.
- Draw each step of the cell cycle and explain what is occurring at each phase.
Interphase: Cell is in typical growth and processes phase. At the end the chromatin duplicates in preparation for mitosis.
Prophase: Chromatin condenses into chromosomes and attach to their copies (sister chromatids), centrioles appear and spindle fibers begin to form
Metaphase: Sister chromatids line up along the middle of the cell and spindle fibers attach at their centromeres
Anaphase: Sister chromatids split and begin moving to opposite poles
Telophase: New nuclear membranes begin to form around chromosomes and chromosomes unwind
Cytokinesis: Cell splits into to two separate daughter cells