Chapter Vocabulary

Chapter Vocabulary

Intro Chapter

1.  psychology

2.  nature-nurture issue

3.  natural selection

4.  basic research

5.  applied research

6.  clinical psychology

7.  psychiatry

Chapter 1 "Thinking Scientifically"

1.  hindsight bias

2.  critical thinking

3.  theory

4.  hypothesis

5.  operational definition

6.  replication

7.  case study

8.  survey

9.  false consensus effect,

10.  population

11.  random sample

12.  naturalistic observation

13.  correlation coefficient

14.  scatterplot

15.  illusory correlation

16.  experiment

17.  placebo

18.  double-blind procedure

19.  placebo effect

20.  experimental condition

21.  control condition

22.  random assignment

23.  independent variable

24.  dependent variable

25.  confounding variable

26.  mode

27.  mean

28.  median

29.  range

30.  standard deviation

1. statistical significance

Chapter 2 "The Biology of Mind"

Part A

1.  biological psychology

2.  neuron

3.  dendrite

4.  axon

5.  myelin sheath

6.  action potential

7.  threshold

8.  synapse

9.  neurotransmitters

10.  acetylcholine (ACh)

11.  endorphins

12.  nervous system

13.  central nervous system (CNS)

14.  peripheral nervous system (PNS)

15.  nerves

16.  sensory neurons

17.  interneurons

18.  motor neurons

19.  somatic nervous system

20.  autonomic nervous system

21.  sympathetic nervous system

22.  parasympathetic nervous system

23.  reflex

24.  neural networks

25.  endocrine system

26.  hormones

27.  adrenal glands

28.  pituitary gland

Part B

1.  lesion

2.  electroencephalogram (EEG)

3.  CT (computed tomography) scan

4.  PET (positron emission tomography) scan

5.  MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

6.  brainstem

7.  medulla

8.  reticular formation

9.  thalamus

10.  cerebellum

11.  limbic system

12.  amygdala

13.  hypothalamus

14.  cerebral cortex

15.  glial cells

16.  frontal lobes

17.  parietal lobes

18.  occipital lobes

19.  temporal lobes

20.  motor cortex

21.  sensory cortex

22.  association areas

23.  aphasia

24.  Broca's area

25.  Wernicke's area

26.  plasticity

27.  corpus callosum

28.  split brain

Chapter 6 "Sensation & Perception"

Part A (Sensation)

1.  sensation

2.  perception

3.  bottom-up processing

4.  top-down processing

5.  psychophysics

6.  absolute threshold

7.  signal detection theory

8.  subliminal

9.  difference threshold

10.  Weber's law

11.  sensory adaptation

12.  selective attention

Part B (Sensation: vision)

1.  transduction

2.  wavelength

3.  hue

4.  intensity

5.  pupil

6.  iris

7.  lens

8.  accommodation

9.  retina

10.  acuity

11.  nearsightedness

12.  farsightedness

13.  rods

14.  cones

15.  optic nerve

16.  blind spot

17.  fovea

18.  feature detectors

19.  parallel processing

20.  Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory

21.  opponent-process theory

22.  color constancy

Part C (Sensation: other senses)

1.  audition

2.  frequency

3.  pitch

4.  middle ear

5.  inner ear

6.  cochlea

7.  place theory

8.  frequency theory

9.  conduction hearing loss

10.  sensorineural hearing loss

1.  gate-control theory

2.  sensory interaction

3.  kinesthesis

4.  vestibular sense

Part D (Perception)

1.  visual capture

2.  gestalt

3.  figure-ground

4.  grouping

5.  depth perception

6.  visual cliff

7.  binocular cues

8.  monocular cues

9.  retinal disparity

10.  convergence

11.  phi phenomenon

12.  perceptual constancy

13.  perceptual adaptation

14.  perceptual set

15.  human factor psychologists

16.  extrasensory perception (ESP)

17.  parapsychology

Chapter 3 "States of Consciousness"

Part A

1.  consciousness

2.  biological rhythms

3.  circadian rhythm

4.  REM sleep

5.  alpha waves

6.  sleep

7.  hallucinations

8.  delta waves

9.  insomnia

10.  narcolepsy

11.  sleep apnea

12.  night terrors

13.  dream

14.  manifest content

15.  latent content

16.  REM rebound

Part B

1.  hypnosis

2.  posthypnotic amnesia

3.  posthypnotic suggestion

4.  dissociation

5.  hidden observer

Part C

1.  psychoactive drug

2.  tolerance

3.  withdrawal

4.  physical dependence

5.  psychological dependence

6.  depressants

7.  stimulants

8.  hallucinogens

9.  barbiturates

10.  opiates

11.  amphetamines

12.  LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)

13.  THC

14.  near-death experience

Chapter 7 "Learning"

Part A

1.  associative learning

2.  classical conditioning (Pavlovian conditioning)

3.  learning

4.  unconditioned response (UCR)

5.  unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

6.  conditioned response (CR)

7.  conditioned stimulus (CS)

8.  acquisition

9.  extinction

10.  spontaneous recovery

11.  generalization

12.  discrimination

13.  behaviorism

Part B

1.  associative learning

2.  operant conditioning

3.  respondent behavior

4.  operant behavior

5.  law of effect

6.  operant chamber (Skinner box)

7.  learning

8.  shaping

9.  reinforcement

10.  primary reinforcer

11.  conditioned reinforcer (secondary reinforcers)

12.  continuous reinforcement

13.  partial (intermittent) reinforcement

14.  fixed-ratio schedule

15.  variable-ratio schedule

16.  fixed-interval schedule

17.  variable-interval schedule

18.  punishment

19.  cognitive map

20.  latent learning

21.  overjustification effect

Part C

1.  learning

2.  observational learning

3.  modeling

4.  prosocial behavior

Chapter 4 "Nature, Nurture"

1. identical twins

2. fraternal twins

3. interaction

4. temperament

5. environment

6. evolutionary psychology

7. culture

8. norm

9. individualism

10. collectivism

11. role

12. gender role

13. gender identity

14. gender typing

15. social learning theory

Ch. 5 “Developing Through the Life Span”

Part A

1.  developmental psychology

2.  zygote

3.  embryo

4.  fetus

5.  teratogens

6.  fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

7.  rooting reflex

8.  habituation

Part B

1. maturation

1.  schema

2.  assimilation

3.  accommodation

4.  cognition

5.  sensorimotor stage

6.  object permanence

7.  preoperational stage

8.  conservation

9.  egocentrism

10.  theory of mind

11.  concrete operational stage

12.  formal operational stage

13.  stranger anxiety

14.  attachment

15.  critical period

16.  imprinting

17.  basic trust

18.  self-concept

Part C

1.  adolescence

2.  puberty

3.  primary sex characteristics

4.  secondary sex characteristics

5.  menarche

6.  identity

7.  intimacy

8.  isolation

Part D

1.  menopause

2.  Alzheimer's disease

3.  cross-sectional study

4.  longitudinal study

5.  crystallized intelligence

6.  fluid intelligence

7.  social clock

Chapter 8 "Memory"

Part A

1.  memory

2.  flashbulb memory

3.  encoding

4.  storage

5.  retrieval

6.  sensory memory

7.  short-term memory

8.  long-term memory

9.  working memory

Part B

1.  automatic processing

2.  effortful processing

3.  rehearsal

4.  spacing effect

5.  serial position effect

6.  semantic encoding

7.  acoustic encoding

8.  visual encoding

( continued on next page)

9.  imagery

10.  mnemonics

11.  chunking

Part C

1.  iconic memory

2.  echoic memory

3.  long-term potentiation (LTP)

4.  amnesia

5.  implicit memory

6.  explicit memory

7.  hippocampus

8.  procedural memory

9.  episodic memory

Part D

1.  recall

2.  recognition

3.  relearning

4.  priming

5.  deja vu

6.  mood congruent memory

Part E

1.  proactive interference

2.  retroactive interference

3.  repression

4.  misinformation effect

5.  source amnesia

Chapter 9 "Thinking and Language"

Part A

1.  cognition

2.  concept

3.  prototype

4.  algorithm

5.  heuristic

6.  insight

7.  confirmation bias

8.  fixation

9.  mental set

10.  functional fixedness

11.  representativeness heuristic

12.  availability heuristic

13.  overconfidence

14.  framing

15.  belief bias

16.  belief perseverance

Part B

1.  phoneme

2.  morpheme

3.  grammar

4.  semantics

5.  syntax

6.  babbling stage

7.  one-word stage

8.  two-word stage

9.  telegraphic speech

10.  linguistic relativity

Chapter 10 " Intelligence"

Part A

1.  intelligence test

2.  intelligence

3.  factor analysis

4.  general intelligence (g)

5.  savant syndrome

6.  emotional intelligence

Part B

1.  mental age

2.  Stanford-Binet

3.  intelligence quotient (IQ)

4.  Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

5.  aptitude test

6.  achievement test

7.  standardization

8.  normal curve

9.  reliability

10.  validity

11.  content validity

12.  criterion

13.  predictive validity

14.  mental retardation

15.  Down syndrome

16.  Creativity

Chapter 11 " Motivation and Work"

Part A

1.  motivation

2.  instinct

3.  drive-reduction theory

4.  homeostasis

5.  incentive

6.  hierarchy of needs

Part B

1.  glucose

2.  set point

3.  basal metabolic rate

4.  anorexia nervosa

5.  bulimia nervosa

Part C

1.  achievement motivation

2.  intrinsic motivation

3.  extrinsic motivation

4.  industrial/organizational psychology

5.  task leadership

6.  social leadership

7.  Theory X

8.  Theory Y

Chapter 12 "Emotion and Stress"

Part A

1.  emotion

2.  James-Lange theory

3.  Cannon-Bard theory

4.  two-factor theory

Part B

1.  polygraph

2.  catharsis

3.  feel-good, do-good phenomenon

4.  subjective well-being

5.  adaptation-level phenomenon

6.  relative deprivation

Part C

1.  stress

2.  general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

3.  health psychology

4.  behavioral medicine

5.  burnout

6.  coronary heart disease

7.  Type A

8.  Type B

9.  psychophysiological illness

10.  lymphocytes

11. aerobic exercise

12. biofeedback

13. complimentary and alternative medicine

Chapter 13 "Personality"

Part A

1.  personality

2.  free association

3.  psychoanalysis

4.  unconscious

5.  preconscious

6.  id

7.  ego

8.  superego

9.  psychosexual stages

10.  Oedipus complex

11.  identification

12.  fixation

13.  defense mechanisms

14.  repression

15.  regression

16.  reaction formation

17.  projection

18.  rationalization

19.  displacement

20.  sublimation

21.  projective test

22.  Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

23.  Rorschach inkblot test

24.  collective unconscious

Part B

1.  trait

2.  personality inventory

3.  Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

4.  empirically derived test

Part C

1.  self-actualization

2.  unconditional positive regard

3.  self-concept

4.  self-esteem

5.  self-serving bias

6.  individualism

7.  collectivism

Part D

1.  reciprocal determinism

2.  personal control

3.  external locus of control

4.  internal locus of control

5.  learned helplessness

6.  positive psychology

Chapter 14 "Psychological Disorders"

Part A

1.  psychological disorder

2.  medical model

3.  bio-psycho-social perspective

4.  DSM-IV

5.  neurotic disorder

6.  psychotic disorder

Part B

1.  anxiety disorders

2.  generalized anxiety disorder

3.  panic disorder

4.  phobia

5.  obsessive-compulsive disorder

Part C

1.  dissociative disorders

2.  dissociative identity disorder

3.  personality disorders

4.  antisocial personality disorder

Part D

1.  mood disorders

2.  major depressive disorder

3.  manic episode

4.  bipolar disorder

5. schizophrenia

6. delusions

Chapter 15 "Therapy"

Part A

1.  psychotherapy

2.  eclectic approach

3.  psychoanalysis

4.  resistance

5.  interpretation

6.  transference

7.  client-centered therapy

8.  active listening

9.  behavior therapy

10.  counter-conditioning

11.  systematic desensitization

12.  aversive conditioning

13.  token economy

14.  cognitive therapy

15.  cognitive-behavior therapy

16.  family therapy

Part B

1.  regression toward the mean

2.  meta-analysis

1.  psychopharmacology

2.  lithium

3.  electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

4.  psychosurgery

5.  lobotomy

Chapter 16 "Social Psychology"

Part A

1.  social psychology

2.  attribution theory

3.  fundamental attribution error

4.  attitude

5.  foot-in-the-door phenomenon

6.  cognitive-dissonance theory

Part B

1.  conformity

2.  normative social influence

3.  informational social influence

4.  social facilitation

5.  social loafing

6.  deindividuation

7.  group polarization

8.  groupthink

9.  self-fulfilling prophecy

Part C

1.  prejudice

2.  stereotype

3.  self-fulfilling prophecy

4.  ingroup

5.  outgroup

6.  ingroup bias

7.  scapegoat theory

8.  just-world phenomenon

9.  aggression

10.  frustration-aggression principle

11.  conflict

12.  social trap

13.  mere exposure effect

14.  passionate love

15.  companionate love

1. equity
2. self-disclosure

18.  altruism

19.  bystander effect

20.  social exchange theory

21.  superordinate goals

22.  ethnocentrism