AMSCO 22 – WW I
neutrality
the state of not taking sides, especially in a war or dispute
submarine warfare
A type of naval warfare in which submarines sink merchant ships without warning. This method was used in The 1stBattle of the Atlantic during World War I (waged intermittently by Germany between 1915 and 1918).
Lusitania
a British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.
Sussex Pledge
Germany's promise not to sink merchant or passenger ships without giving due warning
Allied Powers
Great Britain, France, and Russia
Central Powers
Germany, Austria Hungary, and Turkey
propaganda
information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, nation, etc.
preparedness
greater defense expenditures
Jeanette Rankin
the latter the first woman to be elected to Congress
Edward House
Wilson's chief foreign advisor that went to London, Paris, and Berlin to negotiate a peace settlement. The trips were unsuccessful.
Zimmerman telegram
March 1917. Sent from German Foreign Secretary, addressed to German minister in Mexico City. Mexico should attack the US if US goes to war with Germany (needed that advantage due to Mexico's promixity to the US). In return, Germany would give back Tex, NM, Arizona etc to Mexico.
Russian Revolution
The revolution that overthrew Russian Czar Nicholas I in 1917.Later established the Bolshevik government under Vladimir Lenin.
mobilization
The gathering of resources and preparation for war
George Creel
head of the Committee on Public Information 1917 which was allegedly formed to combat wartime rumors by providing authoritative info. It served as propaganda agency proclaiming the govn'ts version of reality and discrediting those who questioned that version.
War Agencies
Wilson created this as the first American contribution to the Allies, which was in shipping them needed supplies. It was staffed by volunteers.
Espionage Act (1917)
This law, passed after the United States entered WWI, imposed sentences of up to twenty years on anyone found guilty of aiding the enemy, obstructing recruitment of soldiers, or encouraging disloyalty. It allowed the postmaster general to remove from the mail any materials that incited treason or insurrection.
Sedition Act (1918)
Law passed during WW1 which made it illegal for Americans to speak disloyally about the US government
Schneck v. United States
A 1919 decision upholding the conviction of a socialist who had urged young men to resist the draft during World War I. Justice Holmes declared that government can limit speech if the speech provokes a "clear and present" danger of substantive evils.
Selective Service Act
This 1917 law provided for the registration of all American men between the ages of 21 and 30 for a military draft. By the end of WWI, 24.2 had registered; 2.8 had been inducted into the army. Age limit was later changed to 18 to 45.
Bolsheviks
Communists
American Expeditionary Force
About 2 million Americans went to France as members of this under General John J. Pershing. Included the regular army, the National Guard, and the new larger force of volunteers and draftees and they served as individuals
Fourteen Points
the war aims outlined by President Wilson in 1918, which he believed would promote lasting peace; called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations
Big Four
Woodrow Wilson (US president), Georges Clemenceau (french premier), David Lloyd George (british prime minister), Vittorio Orlando (italian prime minister)
David Lloyd George
He was the British representative at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. He pushed for a revenge-based treaty at Versailles, hampering the 14 points.
Georges Clemenceau
He was the French representative at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. He pushed for a revenge-based treaty at Versailles, hampering the 14 points.
Vittorio Orlando
He was the Italian representative at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. He pushed for a revenge-based treaty at Versailles, hampering the 14 points.
League of Nations
An organization of nations formed after World War I to promote cooperation and peace.
Henry Cabot Lodge
Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leader in the fight against participation in the League of Nations
Reservationists
Senators who pledged to vote in favor of the Treaty of Versailles if certain changes were made - led by Henry Cabot Lodge
Irreconcilables
Senators who voted against the League of Nations with or without reservations
Red Scare
a period of general fear of communists
Palmer Raids
A 1920 operation coordinated by Attorney General Mitchel Palmer in which federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organization in 32 cities
Emma Goldman
An outspoken radical who was deported after being arrested on charges of being an anarchist, socialist, or labour agitator.
Strikes; Race Riots
A series of strikes in 1919, the first of which took place in Seattle...a peaceful riot for higher wages among shipyard workers and other employees, more strikes took place in Boston; race riots and racial violence increased after the war as soldiers returned home and competition for jobs and housing grew.