Science 7 Final Exam Study Guide Name:
Unit A - Interactions and Ecosystems:
1. Define ecology
2. Describe the difference between biotic and abiotic parts of an ecosystem.
3. Explain what each of the following is and give an example.
a) Species
b) Population
c) Community
4. Basic Needs: What are the basic needs of living organisms in order for survival?
5. Symbiotic relationships
a) What is symbiosis?
b) Describe two examples of commensalism
c) Describe two examples of mutualism
d) Describe two examples of parasitism
6. There are two different types of adaptations: behavioral and structural. Describe an example of each type of adaptation and how that adaptation enables an organism to survive.
7. Define ecological footprint and give examples on how we can reduce our own footprint.
8. Describe each of the following consumers: Carnivores, Herbivores and Omnivores
9. Write the word equation for photosynthesis
10. Describe the difference between scavengers and decomposers.
11. Give three examples of decomposers listed on page 32 of the textbook.
12. Illustrate an example of a food chain (include arrows showing the flow of energy). Identify the type of organism you are illustrating (e.g. producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, decomposer, etc.)
13. Illustrate the flow of energy in a food chain, and include the percentage of each energy transfer from organism to organism.
14. Describe the different between a food web and a food chain.
15. What are the four main processes responsible for the Water Cycle?
16. Define the following terms and for each term, give an example.
a) Bioinvasion
b) Competition
c) Predation
17. Describe the difference between Primary Succession and Secondary Succession.
18. What is a pioneer species? Describe the role they play in an environment.
19. What is a climax community?
20. What are the differences between threatened, endangered, and extinct?
Unit B - Plants for Food and Fibre:
1. List five ways that plants can be used.
2. What roles to plants play in the natural ecosystem?
3. Define the following:
a) Transpiration
b) Capillary action
c) Osmosis
d) Diffusion
4. What do you think would happen to the process of transpiration if a plant were blowing in a hot, dry wind?
5. How is photosynthesis different from cellular respiration?
6. Write the word equations for the following processes:
a) Photosynthesis
b) Cellular respiration
7. Label the following diagram.
8. Describe what the following reproductive structures do:
a) Stamen
b) Pistil
c) Stigma
d) Anther
e) Ovary
9. Describe the roles of the following plan structures:
a) Stomata
b) Guard cells
c) Xylem
d) Phloem
10. Describe the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction.
11. What are the different ways that a plant can disperse its seeds? Give an example for each of the dispersal methods you mention.
12. List one adaptation for the following structures of seed plants:
a) Stem
b) Flower
c) Root
d) Leaf
13. What are the four conditions needed for plants to grow successfully?
14. There are several practices that can improve soil quality. For each practice below, list one advantage and one disadvantage of each.
a) Plowing
b) Clearing the Land
c) Fertilizer
d) Irrigation
e) Crop rotation
15. Why is a dandelion considered to be a “tough pest”? What are some ways to control a pest?
16. Define bioaccumulation. How does chemical pest control explain bioaccumulation.
17. Define and explain the following types of technologies:
a) Selective breeding
b) Genetic modification
c) Hydroponics
d) Grafting
Unit C - Heat and Temperature:
1. Define the following terms:
a) Kinetic energy
b) Thermal energy
c) Heat
d) Temperature
2. If you increase the ______of a substance, you are providing more ______to the particles and therefore you are ______the ______
3. If you ______the ______energy of a substance, you are providing ______to the particles and therefore you are ______the substance.
4. Substances like water undergo changes of state. List the changes of state for water and identify at what temperature they change state.
5. Define and describe the points to the Particle Model of Matter.
6. Explain what happens to liquids and gases as you add more heat.
7. Define thermal expansion and provide an example of where this occurs.
8. Define the term contraction as it relates to heat and temperature and provide an example.
9. Define conduction, convection and radiation.
10. List three conductors of heat and three insulators of heat.
11. How do convection currents work?
12. List four sources of natural thermal energy.
13. Define and compare passive solar heating and active solar heating. Provide an example of each.
14. Describe the two types of heating systems located in a home. Provide an example for each.
15. Wind energy, nuclear energy, solar energy, biomass energy and hydro-electric energy are all examples of ______.
16. What are the three main uses for energy?
Unit D - Structures and Forces:
1. Define and give examples of the three main types of structures:
a) Solid
b) Frame
c) Shell
2. Explain the terms structure and function and how they relate to various buildings and structures.
3. List three other characteristics of structures considered during building construction and/or design.
4. Define the following types of internal forces:
a) Compression
b) Tension
c) Torsion
d) Shear
5. What does it mean when a structure is symmetrical? Asymmetrical?
6. How does the center of gravity play a role in structural stability?
7. Define the following terms and give examples:
a) Load
b) Force
c) Weight
d) Dynamic (living) load
e) Static (dead) load
8. The effect of a force on a structure depends on three things, they are….
9. Which structural shape is considered to be the strongest? Explain why.
10. List four types of structural components.
11. List (and draw if possible) the four types of bridges.
12. What is a joint? What are the most common types of compounds used to attach joints in modern construction?
13. Explain how the following environmental factors can affect the structural safety of a building:
a) Climate
b) Terrain conditions
c) Earthquake risk
Unit E - Planet Earth:
1. Draw and label a diagram of the earth and its layers. Be sure to indicate the depth of the layers and a brief description of each layer.
2. Define the following terms:
a) Seismologist
b) Seismic waves
c) Focus
d) Epicentre
3. What scale is used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes?
4. Define the following and give an example for each:
a) Weathering
b) Erosion
c) Deposition
5. List and explain the three types of weathering. Provide an example for each.
6. Briefly explain the difference between rocks and minerals.
7. Identify and briefly explain the 6 properties used to identify types of minerals.
8. Although there are many different kinds of rock, all rocks can be classified according to how they were formed. These types are known as . . . .
9. Describe key features / characteristics of the following classes of rocks:
a) Igneous
b) Sedimentary
c) Metamorphic
10. What is Alfred Wegner most famous for? Explain his theory.
11. What are some of the points of evidence that Wegner used to support his theory?
12. How is an ocean trench different from an ocean ridge?
13. Explain the Theory of Plate Tectonics.
14. Explain what a converging, diverging and transforming boundary is in your own words.
15. How are mountains formed?
16. Define the following terms:
a) Fossil
b) Palaeontologist
c) Trace fossil
d) Cast fossil
e) Strata
17. An era is a geological time period used by scientists. For each era below, list the time that the era existed and an example of an organism that could be found during that time
a) Precambrian
b) Paleozoic
c) Mesozoic
d) Cenozoic