DNA, Genetics and Bioethics

Criminal Investigation / Cloning / Genetically modified foods and plants
Prenatal Genetics / Cancers and Treatment / Eugenics (Genetic Engineering)

Warning re resources: double check the expertise of all sources including those below. resources may contain bias towards or against certain beliefs, philosophies and practices. List of sites includes commercial sites for DNA testing and articles with strong political and ideology perspectives.

Criminal Investigation (DNA testing, DNA profiling & forensic science)

  1. "DNA Predicts Ethnicity Of Madrid Bombing Suspects." New Scientist 203.2722 (2009): 5. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=44075735&site=ehost-live
  2. "Overturning Convictions." Time 169.17 (2007): 16. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24741988&site=ehost-live
  3. Andrade, Marina, and Manuel Alberto M. Ferreira. "Crime Scene Investigation Through Dna Traces Using Bayesian Devices." Journal Of Mathematics & Technology 2.4 (2011): 4-8. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=80232721&site=ehost-live
  4. Automated DNA Comparison Software - Software company providing a solution for the identification of victims of a mass disaster or missing persons incidents.
  5. Bowman, M. E. "Law Enforcement Technology, Intelligence And The War On Terror." Military Technology 31.10 (2007): 127-134. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=27392354&site=ehost-live
  6. Call, Douglas. "Challenges And Opportunities For Pathogen Detection Using DNA Microarrays." Critical Reviews In Microbiology 31.2 (2005): 91-99. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16928865&site=ehost-live
  7. Cannon, Angie. "Not Quite Like On 'Csi.'." U.S. News & World Report 137.22 (2004): 33. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=15324043&site=ehost-live
  8. CODIS: Combined DNA Index System - Guidelines for collecting and submitting evidence in blood and saliva samples, quality assurance, statistics and links to participating states, from the Department of Justice, Washington, DC.

9.  Create a DNA Fingerprint PBS.org

  1. DNA as a forensic instrument - Article discussing the potential and limitations of DNA, published in 1996 by Columbia University, NY.

11.  DNA Fingerprinting Eureka Moment

  1. DNA Forensics - Comprehensive resource covering forensic identification, arising from the human genome project, discussing accuracies, potential applications and databases such as the Combined DNA Index System. Maintained at Oak Ridge, TN.
  2. Draghici, Sorin, Chen Dechang, and Jaques Reifman. "Applications And Challenges Of DNA Microarray Technology In Military Medical Research." Military Medicine 169.8 (2004): 654-659. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14080902&site=ehost-live
  3. Elaine Shannon, et al. "HOW SCIENCE SOLVES CRIMES. (Cover Story)." Time 160.17 (2002): 36. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=7519584&site=ehost-live

15.  Finding Criminals Through DNA Testing of Their Relatives" Technical Bulletin, Chromosomal Laboratories, Inc. accessed April 22, 2011.

  1. Frontline - Interviews in which DNA evidence was involved in court cases, with more examples since 1987, by searching PBS from Alexandria, VA. (video)
  2. frontline: the case for innocence: the dna revolution: state and federal dna database laws examined". Pbs.org. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/case/revolution/databases.html. Retrieved 2010-04-03.
  3. Genetics in the Courtroom - Articles written in 1997, facing genetics issues, from The Judges' Journal of the American Bar Association, Chicago, IL.
  4. Haimes, Erica. "Social And Ethical Issues In The Use Of Familial Searching In Forensic Investigations: Insights From Family And Kinship Studies." Journal Of Law, Medicine & Ethics 34.2 (2006): 263-276. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=21194396&site=ehost-live
  5. Harbert, Tam. "Clamping Down On Counterfeits." Edn 57.6 (2012): 48. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=73881401&site=ehost-live
  6. Hooper, Rowan. "Television Scrambles The Evidence." New Scientist 187.2516 (2005): 12-13. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=18281515&site=ehost-live
  7. How DNA Evidence Works - Introduction to the steps in DNA fingerprinting evidence gathering for law enforcement, and its application from Howstuffworks Inc., Raleigh, NC.

23.  In silico simulation of Molecular Biology Techniques - A place to learn typing techniques by simulating them

  1. Investigation of Forensic Evidence - Introductory tutorial on courtroom reporting of laboratory results, including checklists for forensic DNA-typing case-specific issues from law offices in Mill Valley, CA.
  2. Joanna L. Mountain, et al. "Family Ties: The Use Of DNA Offender Databases To Catch Offenders' Kin." Journal Of Law, Medicine & Ethics 34.2 (2006): 248-262. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=21194397&site=ehost-live
  3. Kimmelman, Jonathan. "Risking Ethical Insolvency: A Survey Of Trends In Criminal DNA Databanking." Journal Of Law, Medicine & Ethics 28.3 (2000): 209. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=4111488&site=ehost-live
  4. Markey, James. "New Technology And Old Police Work Solve Cold Sex Crimes." FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 72.9 (2003): 1-5. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=10917001&site=ehost-live
  5. Marks, Paul. "DNA Detectives Crack Code Of Mixed Messages." New Scientist 190.2553 (2006): 10. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=21129982&site=ehost-live
  6. McCarthy, Terry. "The Case Of The Grim Sleeper." Time 178.22 (2011): 38-45. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=67514448&site=ehost-live
  7. McCartney, Carole. "LCN DNA: Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt?." Nature Reviews Genetics 9.5 (2008): 325. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=31701268&site=ehost-live
  8. National Commission on the Future of DNA Evidence - Site seeks to maximize the value of forensic DNA evidence in the criminal justice system. Transcripts, publications, programs and what's new from the NIJ, Washington, DC.
  9. National DNA Data Bank - Explains history, privacy, security, statistics and case examples, with FAQ to justify the instigation of DNA fingerprinting upon conviction, for criminal records held in Ottawa, ON, Canada.

33.  National DNA Databases in the EU

  1. Obasogie, Osagie K., and Troy Duster. "All That Glitters Isn't Gold." Hastings Center Report 41.5 (2011): 15-18. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66301090&site=ehost-live
  2. Peter Annin, et al. "The DNA Detectives." Newsweek 132.20 (1998): 66. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=1258822&site=ehost-live

36.  Pollack, Andrew (August 18, 2009). "DNA Evidence Can Be Fabricated, Scientists Show". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/18/science/18dna.html?_r=1. Retrieved April 1, 2010.

  1. Sachs, Jessica Snyder. "DNA And A New Kind Of Racial Profiling." Popular Science 263.6 (2003): 16. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=11383814&site=ehost-live
  2. Schellberg, Tim, and Lisa Hurst. "Legislative Update For September 21 & 28, 2001." Forensic Panel Letter 5.9 (2001): 1-2. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=11136917&site=ehost-live
  3. The complexity of DNA testing - News story explaining why identification may takes weeks, in the case of Daniel Pearl after exhuming a body in Karachi, Pakistan. - BBC, UK. (May 17, 2002)

40.  The Innocence Record, Winston & Strawn LLP/The Innocence Project

  1. True Crimes - Investigations & DNA - Compilation of related links about crime and forensics
  2. Varsha. "DNA Fingerprinting In The Criminal Justice System: An Overview." DNA & Cell Biology 25.3 (2006): 181-188. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20296580&site=ehost-live
  3. Williams, Robin, and Paul Johnson. "Inclusiveness, Effectiveness And Intrusiveness: Issues In The Developing Uses Of DNA Profiling In Support Of Criminal Investigations." Journal Of Law, Medicine & Ethics 34.2 (2006): 234-247. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=21194398&site=ehost-live
  4. Williams, Robin, and Paul Johnson. "Inclusiveness, Effectiveness And Intrusiveness: Issues In The Developing Uses Of DNA Profiling In Support Of Criminal Investigations." Journal Of Law, Medicine & Ethics 33.3 (2005): 545-558. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=18339368&site=ehost-live

Cloning

  1. "Cloning Around." Economist 358.8213 (2001): 79-80. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Feb. 2012. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=4212201&site=ehost-live
  2. "Cloning." Points Of View Charts & Graphs: Health & Medicine (2010): 1. Points of View Reference Center. Web. 5 Mar. 2012. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pwh&AN=48019601&site=pov-live
  3. American Association for the Advancement of Science Policy Brief: Human Cloning - A summary of the human cloning issue, and a collection of links to useful web resources, including information from the media, and groups on all sides of the debate.
  4. Americans to Ban Cloning - Group of Americans promoting a global, comprehensive ban on human cloning.
  5. Badertscher, Eric. "Counterpoint: The Problem Of Cloning." Points Of View: Cloning (2011): 6. Points of View Reference Center. Web. 5 Mar. 2012. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pwh&AN=12436956&site=pov-live
  6. Ballaro, BeverlySprague, Nancy. "Point: The Medical And Moral Advantages Of Cloning." Points Of View: Cloning (2011): 2. Points of View Reference Center. Web. 5 Mar. 2012. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pwh&AN=26611687&site=pov-live
  7. Best, Steven, and Douglas Kellner. "Biotechnology, Ethics And The Politics Of Cloning." Democracy & Nature: The International Journal Of Inclusive Democracy 8.3 (2002): 439-465. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Feb. 2012. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=8526241&site=ehost-live
  8. Clonaid - Offers to clone humans.
  9. Cloned embryos 'could treat leukaemia' - Human tissue could be cloned to help children with leukaemia, a scientist predicts. [BBC News]
  10. Cloning Report - Coverage by the Washington Post.
  11. Cloning Technology Progresses Despite Controversy - A review of cloning news concerning science and public policy, three years after the cloning of Dolly. [CNN] (January 13, 2000)
  12. Dolly cloning method patented - The first patents for cloning have been issued to the researchers who created Dolly the sheep. [BBC News]
  13. Dolly's Legacy - Nuclear transfer--used to clone Dolly--may help scientists develop more potent stem-cell therapies. [Scientific American] (June 21, 1999)
  14. Driscoll, SallyGriswold, Ann. "Counterpoint: Human Cloning Treats Human Life As A Commodity." Points Of View: Cloning (2011): 3. Points of View Reference Center. Web. 5 Mar. 2012. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pwh&AN=26611685&site=pov-live
  15. Ethicists Query Dolly Patents - The issuing of the first patents for cloning have fueled the debate over the "ownership" of important medical technologies. [BBC News]
  16. Farrell, CourtneyCarson-Dewitt, Rosalyn. "Cloning: An Overview." Points Of View: Cloning (2011): 1. Points of View Reference Center. Web. 5 Mar. 2012. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pwh&AN=23205199&site=pov-live
  17. Genetic Engineering and Cloning - Gives information and debate positions, both for and against.
  18. Hello Dolly! - An entertaining and informative look at the science behind Dolly, from the Why Files at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
  19. HowStuffWorks: How Cloning Works - Describes cloning and how it is possible to save endangered species through cloning.
  20. HowStuffWorks: How Human Cloning Will Work - Describes the process that could be used to clone humans, why some want to clone themselves and the controversy surrounding cloning. Also discusses therapeutic cloning.
  21. Pearson, John. "Point: The Benefits Of Cloning Research." Points Of View: Cloning (2011): 5. Points of View Reference Center. Web. 5 Mar. 2012. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pwh&AN=12436955&site=pov-live
  22. Post-Clone Consciousness - Jessica Matthews looks at the realities of cloning after the dust has settled after the Dolly announcement. [Washington Post] (March 03, 1997)
  23. Scientists Produce Five Pig Clones - The first pig clones are created, bringing the transplantation of animal organs into humans much closer. [BBC News]
  24. Send in the Clones - Using a new technique, scientists have cloned clones from clones. [Scientific American] (July 27, 1998)

Genetically Modified Foods

1.  "Deborah MacKenzie, "How the humble potato could feed the world" (cover story) New Scientist No 2667 2 August 2008 30-33". Newscientist.com. 2008-08-01. http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19926671.600-how-the-humble-potato-could-feed-the-world.html. Retrieved 2012-12-29.

  1. "Farms For The Future." New Scientist 216.2886 (2012): 5. MAS Complete. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mat&AN=82371896&site=src-live
  2. "Our Right To Know." Mother Earth News 252 (2012): 8. Middle Search Plus. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mih&AN=75333320&site=src-live
  3. "Why genetic modification is natural." New Scientist Oct. 2011: 5. MAS Complete. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mat&AN=66217994&site=src-live
  4. AgBioWorld - Sponsored by scientists in favor of crop biotechnology. Members include Nobel Prize winners Norman Bourlaug and James Watson.
  5. Agent Orange - Personal pages give an overview of the extent of genetic engineering in plants and animals as well what some of the hazards might be.
  6. Alliance for Better Foods - Encourages fact-based discussion about developments in plant biotechnology.

8.  Andrew Pollack for the New York Times. "An Entrepreneur Bankrolls a Genetically Engineered Salmon" Published: May 21, 2012. Accessed September 3, 2012 [1]

  1. Barnard, Neal D. "Weird Science: Should You Say No To GM Foods?." Vegetarian Times 384 (2011): 26. MAS Complete. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mat&AN=59687921&site=src-live
  2. BBC Special Report: Food under the microscope - News and analysis archives plus key issues and debate.
  3. BBC Special report: Food under the microscope - Questions and answers, articles, and a debate between a biotech company and Greenpeace, plus links to pro and con sites.
  4. Center for Food Safety - An environmental and public health organization which has initiated landmark legal actions against the FDA and EPA to preserve the integrity of the food supply.
  5. Co-Extra Project - The project deals with the co-existence and traceability in the GM and non-GM supply chains. Co-Extra is a 4-years Integrated Project funded by the European Commission. News, events and information about the project.
  6. Debunking Myths of Genetic Engineering in Crops - Article attacking genetic engineering, with references, by E. Ann Clark.
  7. Engineering Crops in a Needy World - Presentation of the genetically modified food debate in India.
  8. Genetic Engineering In Agriculture - A virtual book about applications of genetic engineering in agriculture,and about the movement trying to discredit it.
  9. Genetically Engineered Foods - Safety Problems - Health and environmental problems with genetically engineered crops and foods explained in a summarized form. Authored by a global scientist network for independent interdisciplinary evaluation of the safety and value of new technologies.
  10. Genetically Manipulated Food News - Information on the spread of genetic modification in the food supply as well as the politics and legal issues. Searchable index by subject and date.
  11. Genetically Modified Food - UK and World News - Archive of news articles about GM foods, from 1998 to the present. Also includes editorials about the risks, lack of safety testing, and proponents of the products.
  12. Genetically Modified Foods and Organisms - Overview of genetically modified foods, crops, organisms. Pros and cons of genetic modification.
  13. Global Issues: Genetically Engineered Food - Outlines scientific and consumer concerns about genetically engineered and modified foods. Safety, food patents, Monsanto's role and media coverage are addressed.
  14. GM rice patents given away - BBC News

23.  GM Science Review First Report, Prepared by the UK GM Science Review panel (July 2003). Chairman Professor Sir David King, Chief Scientific Advisor to the UK Government, P 9

  1. HALSIG, ANN. "Blowin' In The Wind: Organic Farmers Seek An Answer To The Problem Of GM Contamination." E: The Environmental Magazine 23.3 (2012): 12. Middle Search Plus. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mih&AN=75203014&site=src-live
  2. Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy - Mission is to create environmentally and economically sustainable rural communities through sound agriculture and trade policy. Includes ongoing campaigns to fight genetically engineered foods.
  3. Jabr, Ferris. "Eating Greens Alters Genes." New Scientist 212.2832 (2011): 10. MAS Complete. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mat&AN=66218169&site=src-live
  4. Lunau, Kate. "Tomorrow's Food." Maclean's 125.16 (2012): 46. Middle Search Plus. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mih&AN=74602299&site=src-live
  5. Mather, Robin. "How To Avoid GM Food." Mother Earth News 254 (2012): 13. Middle Search Plus. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mih&AN=79915338&site=src-live

29.  Michelle Simon for Food Safety News. August 24, 2011. ConAgra Sued Over GMO ’100% Natural’ Cooking Oils